include file与jsp include 的区别

最新推荐文章于 2023-01-10 16:34:55 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-01-10 16:34:55 发布

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</pre></div>我们都知道在<span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">jsp</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">中</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">include</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">有两种形式</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">,</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">分别是</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">Include</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">指令：</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"><%@ includefile=""%></span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">和</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">include</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">动作：</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"><jsp:includepage="" flush="true"/><span> </span>    </span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">前者是指令元素、后者是行为元素。具体它们将在何处用？如何用及它们有什么区别？这应该是很多人看到它都会想到的问题。下面一起来看看吧。</span></span><span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">    </span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">通常当应用程序中所有的页面的某些部分（例如标题、页脚和导航栏）都相同的时候，我们就可以考虑用</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">include</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">。具体在哪些时候用</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"><%@ includefile=""%></span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">，哪些时候用</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"><jsp:includepage="" flush="true"/></span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">。这种形式。首先要明白的是它们之间的区别。只有了解了它们用法的不同才理解该在何时去用以及如何选择。</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"></span></span><p></p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; line-height:17.1pt"><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">   </span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">两者最重要的区别：</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">JSP</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">指令</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"><%@ includefile=""%></span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">，是将被引入的</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">JSP</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">与原</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">JSP</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">融合到一起，而这个融合过程是在翻译阶段进行的。</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"></span></span></p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; line-height:17.1pt"><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">   </span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">为什么需要翻译阶段？我们知道，</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">jsp</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">页面并不是原封不动的发送到客户端的，因为浏览</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">JSP</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">页面的客户端并不需要安装</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">Java</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">虚拟机，客户端机器并不能读懂</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">JSP</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">，它能读懂的只有</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">HTML</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">、</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">JavaScript (</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">当然还有其他，例如：</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">Applet</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">、</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">Flex</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">、</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">AxtiveX</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">等等，但那些都需要下载相应的客户端解析器</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">)</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">，这样就需要</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">Servlet Engine </span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">（例如：</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">Tomcat</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">）</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"></span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">将所有的</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">JSP</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">元素进行处理。这是通过将</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">jsp</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">页面转化成</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">Servlet</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">，然后执行这个</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">Servlet</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">来完成的。服务器需要一个</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">jsp</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">容器来处理</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">jsp</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">页面。</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">jsp</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">容器通常以</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">Servlet</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">的形式实现，这个</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">servlet</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">经过配置，可以处理对</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">jsp</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">页面的所有请求。</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"></span></span></p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; line-height:17.1pt"><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">    JSP</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">容器负责将</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">jsp</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">页面转化成</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">servlet</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">，并编译这个</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">servlet</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">。这两个步骤就构成了翻译阶段。</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"></span></span></p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; line-height:17.1pt"><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">   </span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">而</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">jsp</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">翻译之后的</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">servlet</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">输出的内容才是客户端浏览器能够识别的东西，</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">HTML</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">、</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">JavaScript</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">之类的，</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">servlet</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">是使用</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">JspWriter</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">对象输出输出这些</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">HTML</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">、</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">JavaScript</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">的。如果你去翻看翻看</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">jsp</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">编译后的</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">servlet</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">代码，你会发现很有意思的东西，比如</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">Struts</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">的</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"><logic:iterator></span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">标签，被翻译成</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">do{}while()</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">语句实现循环。如果我们把</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"><bean:write></span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">写在</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"><logic:iterator></span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">内部，则在</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">do</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">的内部会出现类似</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">_jspx_meth_bean_write_2(_jspx_th_logic_iterate_0,_jspx_page_context)</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">的方法调用。这些说明了一切。</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"></span></span></p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; line-height:17.1pt"><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">   </span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">由此我们知道：</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">jsp</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">页面是把</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">include</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">指令元素（</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"><%@ includefile=""%></span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">）所指定的页面的实际内容（也就是代码段）加入到引入它的</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">jsp</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">页面中</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">,</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">合成一个文件后被</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">jsp</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">容器将它转化成</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">servlet</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">。可以看到这时会产生一个临时</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">class</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">文件和一个</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">servlet</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">源文件。而动作元素（</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"><jsp:includepage=""/></span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">）是在请求处理阶段引入的，会被</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">JSP</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">容器生成两个临时</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">class</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">文件和两个</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">servlet</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">原文件。而引入的只是</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">servlet</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">的输出结果，即</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">JspWriter</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">对象的输出结果，而不是</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">jsp</span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">的源代码。</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"></span></span></p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; line-height:17.1pt"><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">   </span></span><span style="font-size:12px; color:black"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">举个例子：</span></span><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">main.jsp</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; color:black"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"></span></span></p><pre name="code" class="html"><%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="GBK"%>

<%@ taglib uri="http://struts.apache.org/tags-bean" prefix="bean" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://struts.apache.org/tags-html" prefix="html" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://struts.apache.org/tags-logic" prefix="logic" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://struts.apache.org/tags-tiles" prefix="tiles" %>


<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html:html lang="true">
  <head>
    <html:base />
    
    <title>index.jsp</title>
	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GBK" />
	<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
	<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
	<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
	<!--
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
	-->

  </head>
  
  <body>
    <!-- Header Page Information -->
<%--	<%@ include file="include/head.jsp"%>--%>
	<jsp:include page="include/head.jsp"></jsp:include>
	<!-- Nav Bar -->
<%--	<%@ include file="include/menubar.jsp"%>--%>
	<jsp:include page="include/menubar.jsp"></jsp:include>
    我是主体<br><br><br>
    我是主体<br><br><br>
    我是主体<br><br><br>
    我是主体<br><br><br>
    我是主体<br><br><br>
    我是主体<br><br><br>
    我是主体<br><br><br>
    我是主体<br><br><br>
    我是主体<br><br><br>
    我是主体<br><br><br>
<%--        <%@ include file="include/copyright.jsp"%>--%>
<%--        <jsp:include page="/includeSample_copyright.do"></jsp:include>--%>
<%--	<jsp:include flush="true" page="include/copyright.jsp"></jsp:include>--%>
  </body>
</html:html>

head.jsp

<%--<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="GBK"%>--%>

<%--<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %>--%>
<%--<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld" prefix="logic" %>--%>
<%--<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld" prefix="bean" %>--%>

<table>
	<tr>
    	<td><bean:message key="copyright.inc.copyright"/>
                       我是Head 我是Head我是Head我是Head我是Head我是Head我是Head</td>
    </tr>
</table>

以head.jsp为例：

1、如果我是用<%@ includefile="include/head.jsp"%>引入，注意，head.jsp被我注释掉的字符集和Struts标签的引入，如果打开注释，会怎么样呢？？会抛出500异常，/main.jsp(44,4)/include/head.jsp(3,56) Attempt to redefine the prefix html to/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld, when it was already defined as http://struts.apache.org/tags-htmlin the current scope.这时因为在翻译阶段main.jsp和head.jsp被原封不动的合称为一个jsp，察看Tomcat工作目录只有一个servlet类文件。

\work\Catalina\localhost\IncludeAction\org\apache\jsp\main_jsp.java

\work\Catalina\localhost\IncludeAction\org\apache\jsp\main_jsp.class
试想，在一个类文件中两次引入相同的Struts标签，编译时当然回抛出异常了。

2 、那么如果我是以 <jsp:includepage="include/head.jsp"/> 方式引入呢？首先先将 head.jap 中注释的 Struts 标签的部分打开，而字符集部分仍然注释。结果出现乱码：

Java代码

结果：

2004-2006 版权所有
????Head????Head????Head????Head????Head????Head????Head
????MenuBar    
我是主体...

什么原因？include动作元素是在请求阶段执行引入的，所以它引入的只是head.jsp被翻译成servlet文件中_jspService这个方法中JspWriter这个对象的输出（out.write()方法的输出流）。该输出的执行是在head.jsp被引入main.jsp之前就进行了，所以main.jsp页面中的字符集设置当然对head.jsp不起作用了。

最后观察Tomcat工作目录下，会有两个Servlet：

第一个：\work\Catalina\localhost\IncludeAction\org\apache\jsp\main_jsp.java

\work\Catalina\localhost\IncludeAction\org\apache\jsp\main_jsp.class

第二个：\work\Catalina\localhost\IncludeAction\org\apache\jsp\include\head_jsp.java

\work\Catalina\localhost\IncludeAction\org\apache\jsp\include\head_jsp.class
另外，如果希望通过修改后缀的方法表示哪些是被引入的文件，例如：将head.jsp改名为head.inc的话，JSP容器不能识别*.inc。所以不能翻译head.inc，所以此时只能使用<%@include file="head.inc"%>方法引入一个文件了。

我们来总结一下两种include两种用法的区别，主要有两个方面的不同：
一、执行时间上:
<%@ include file=”relativeURI”%> 是在翻译阶段执行
<jsp:include page=”relativeURI” flush=”true” /> 在请求处理阶段执行。
二、二:引入内容的不同:
<%@ include file=”relativeURI”%> 引入静态文本(html,jsp),在JSP页面被转化成servlet之前和它融和到一起。

<jsp:include page=”relativeURI” flush=”true” /> 引入执行页面或servlet所生成的应答文本。

最近整理了学习材料，有需要的请下载，我放微信里面了，方便下载，还能交流，扫描我的二维码头像即可。

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include file与jsp include 的区别

我们都知道在jsp中include有两种形式,分别是Include指令：<%@ includefile=""%>和include动作：<jsp:includepage="" flush="true"/> 前者是指令元素、后者是行为元素。具体它们将在何处用？如何用及它们有什么区别？这应该是很多人看到它都会想到的问题。下面一起来看看吧。通常当应用程序中所有的页面的某些
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