android ui布局参数设置技巧汇总

android:layout_above 将该控件的底部置于给定ID的控件之上;

android:layout_below 将该控件的底部置于给定ID的控件之下;

android:layout_toLeftOf    将该控件的右边缘与给定ID的控件左边缘对齐;

android:layout_toRightOf  将该控件的左边缘与给定ID的控件右边缘对齐;



android:layout_alignBaseline  将该控件的baseline与给定ID的baseline对齐;

android:layout_alignTop        将该控件的顶部边缘与给定ID的顶部边缘对齐;

android:layout_aligandroid:layout_marginRight="40dip"nBottom   将该控件的底部边缘与给定ID的底部边缘对齐;

android:layout_alignLeft        将该控件的左边缘与给定ID的左边缘对齐;

android:layout_alignRight      将该控件的右边缘与给定ID的右边缘对齐;



android:layout_alignParentTop      如果为true,将该控件的顶部与其父控件的顶部对齐;

android:layout_alignParentBottom 如果为true,将该控件的底部与其父控件的底部对齐;

android:layout_alignParentLeft      如果为true,将该控件的左部与其父控件的左部对齐;

android:layout_alignParentRight    如果为true,将该控件的右部与其父控件的右部对齐;



android:layout_centerHorizontal 如果为true,将该控件的置于水平居中;

android:layout_centerVertical     如果为true,将该控件的置于垂直居中;

android:layout_centerInParent   如果为true,将该控件的置于父控件的中央;

 

android线性布局参数详解

 

线性布局中，有 4 个及其重要的参数，直接决定元素的布局和位置，这四个参数是

android:layout_gravity ( 是本元素相对于父元素的重力方向 )

android:gravity （是本元素所有子元素的重力方向）

android:orientation （线性布局以列或行来显示内部子元素）

android:layout_weight （线性布局内子元素对未占用空间【水平或垂直】分配权重值，其值越小，权重越大。

                            前提是子元素 设置了 android:layout_width = "fill_parent" 属性（水平方向）

                               或 android:layout_height = "fill_parent" 属性（垂直方向）

 

如果某个子元素的 android:layout_width = "wrap_content"

           或 android:layout_height =" wrap_content” ，

则 android:layout_weight 的设置值 对该方向上空间的分配刚好相反。

 

下面以一个简单例子来说明这 4个参数

<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?>

< LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

                           android:layout_height = "200dp"

                           android:layout_width = "200dp"

                           android:background = "#AABBCC"

                           android:orientation= "horizontal"

                           android:layout_gravity= "center" >

                           < TextView android:text = "ONE"

                                               android:background = "#aa0000"

                                               android:layout_height = "wrap_content"

                                               android:layout_width = "wrap_content"

                                               android:layout_margin = "1dp" />

                            < TextView android:text = "TWO"

                                               android:background = "#aa0000"

                                               android:layout_height = "wrap_content"

                                               android:layout_width = "wrap_content"

                                               android:layout_margin = "1dp" />

</ LinearLayout >

 

说明：在上面的例子中，根布局是LinearLayout, 其包含有2 个TextView 视图，为了对参数 android:layout_gravity 有直观的了解，对根布局 LinearLayout 特意加了 3 个参数

android:layout_height = "200dp"

android:layout_width   = "200dp"

android:background     = "#AABBCC"

为布局指定了固定的宽度和高度，以及背景颜色，上面的例子运行后效果如下图：

 

 

 

说明：对LinearLayout 中的参数android:layout_gravity 来说，其意义是指定本布局相对于父布局的重力方向，由于该布局的已经是根布局，其父布局是整个屏幕，那么该参数设置的是相对于屏幕的位置，可以换不同的参数 top|bottom|left|right 等等参数来试验。

现在增加参数 android:gravity = "bottom|right" 完整 XML 如下，看看效果

 

<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?>

< LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

                      android:layout_height = "200dp"

                      android:layout_width = "200dp"

                      android:background = "#AABBCC"

                      android:orientation="horizontal"

                      android:layout_gravity= "center"

                      android:gravity = "bottom|right " >

                      < TextView android:text = "ONE"

                                     android:background = "#aa0000"

                                     android:layout_height = "wrap_content"

                                     android:layout_width = "wrap_content"

                                     android:layout_margin = "1dp" />

                      < TextView android:text = "TWO"

                                     android:background = "#aa0000"

                                     android:layout_height = "wrap_content"

                                     android:layout_width = "wrap_content"

                                     android:layout_margin = "1dp" />

</ LinearLayout >

 

 

通过改变android:gravity 参数的值可以看到实际效果。

 

参数 android:orientation= " horizontal " 决定了每个子元素各占一列，如果

参数 android:orientation= " vertical " ， 则每个子元素各占一行，也就是从上到下排列了。

 

对于 LinearLayout 布局的子元素，给每个子元素加上参数 android:layout_weight

看看效果

<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?>

< LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

                      android:layout_height = "200dp"

                      android:layout_width = "200dp"

                      android:background = "#AABBCC"

                      android:layout_gravity = "center"

                      android:gravity = "bottom|right"

                      android:orientation = "horizontal" >

                      < TextView android:text = "ONE"

                                     android:background = "#aa0000"

                                     android:layout_height = "wrap_content"

                                     android:layout_width = "wrap_content"

                                     android:layout_margin = "1dp"

                                     android:layout_weight = "1" />

                      < TextView android:text = "TWO"

                                     android:background = "#aa0000"

                                     android:layout_height = "wrap_content"

                                     android:layout_width = "wrap_content"

                                     android:layout_margin = "1dp"

                                     android:layout_weight = "2" />

</ LinearLayout >

 

 

 

 

Text 为ONE 的权重为1 ，但明显占的宽度比TWO 的小，百思不得其解，后来得知，如果把TextView 的参数android:layout_width = "wrap_content" 全部修改为 android:layout_width = "fill_parent" , 则 ok ，代码如下

 

<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?>

< LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

                      android:layout_height = "200dp"

                      android:layout_width = "200dp"

                      android:background = "#AABBCC"

                      android:layout_gravity = "center"

                      android:gravity = "bottom|right"

                      android:orientation = "horizontal" >

                      < TextView android:text = "ONE"

                                     android:background = "#aa0000"

                                     android:layout_height = "wrap_content"

                                     android:layout_width = " fill_parent "

                                     android:layout_margin = "1dp"

                                     android:layout_weight = "1" />

                      < TextView android:text = "TWO"

                                     android:background = "#aa0000"

                                     android:layout_height = "wrap_content"

                                     android:layout_width = " fill_parent "

                                     android:layout_margin = "1dp"

                                     android:layout_weight = "2" />

</ LinearLayout >