bootloader---14.nand flash 读取bootloader

 一、 TQ2440上的nand flash是K9F2G08U0B

1.1 Page Block Device三者的关系(见datasheet P6)

1Page = (2k+64)Bytes

1Block = 64*Pages = 64*(2K+64)Byte=(128K+4k)Byte

1Device = 2048*Blocks = 2048*(64*Pages)Bytes

1.2 nand flash初始化

对于K9F2G08U0A的初始化，几乎所有的帖子都说：需要TACLS+TWRPH0+TWRPH1>=46ns, (其中TACLS = tCLS(12)+tALS(12)  TWRPH0 = tWP(12)  TWRPH1 = tCLH(5)+tALH(5))，所以TACLS =0,TWRPH0=3,TWRPH1=0， TACLS +TWRPH0+TWRPH1=50ns，满足要求。

但是修改nand flash的初始化配置：将TACLS=0;TWRPH0=1;TWRPH1=0; 也是正常的。但是TACLS=0;TWRPH0=0;TWRPH1=1;就不正常了。这三者需要满足的关系十分不解，还望高手指教。

1.3 读取数据时地址的发送

从K9F2G08X0B 电路图中可以看出:

        

NCON = 1 ; // 1: Advance NAND flash(1KWords/2KBytes page size, 4/5 address cycle)

GPG13 = 1 ; // 1: Page=2KBytes(NCON = 1)

GPG14 = 1 ;  // 1: 5 address cycle(NCON = 1)

GPG15 = 0 ;  // 0: 8-bit bus width

从上述硬件连接中可以看出，需要5个时钟周期才发送一个完整的地址。

上图中column address(A0-A11 12位) Row Address(A12-A28 17位)

column address：

    即页内的地址(0-2112) 1Page=(2k+64)Bytes,所以需要12位，但实际上不访问后面64个字节的，所以只需要11位即可

Row Address:

    页地址，一共有2048*64=0x20000个页，需要17位指定。

二、代码

root@ubuntu:~/myboot# tree

.├── main.c├── Makefile├── nand.c├── sdram.c├── start.S└── u-boot.lds

2.1 start.S

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1. .text
   
2. .global _start
   
3. _start:
   
4. _TEXT_BASE:
   
5.     .word 0x33d80000
   
6. 
   
7. .globl _armboot_start
   
8. _armboot_start:
   
9.     .word _start
   
10. 
    
11.     ldr r0, =0x53000000    
    
12.     mov r1, #0x0
    
13.     str r1, [r0]
    
14. 
    
15. #define COCKTIME    0x4C000000    
    
16. #define MPLLCON        0x4C000004
    
17. #define UPLLCON        0x4C000008
    
18. #define CLKCON        0x4C00000C
    
19. #define CLKSLOW        0x4C000010
    
20. #define CLKDIVN     0x4C000014
    
21. #define CAMDIVN     0x4C000018
    
22.     /*FCLK:HCLK:PCLK=1:4:8*/
    
23.     ldr r0, =CLKDIVN
    
24.     mov r1, #0x05
    
25.     str r1, [r0]
    
26. 
    
27.     mrc p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0
    
28.     orr r0, r0, #0xc0000000
    
29.     mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0,0
    
30. 
    
31.     /*MPLL=(2*m*Fin)/(P*(1<<s)), m="(MDIV+8)," p="PDIV+2" s="SDIV*/
32.     ldr r0, =MPLLCON
    
33.     ldr r1, =((0x5C<<12)|(0x01<<4)|(0x01))
    
34.     str r1, [r0]
    
35.     
    
36.     ldr r0, =0x10000
    
37. 1:
    
38.     sub r0, r0, #1
    
39.     bne 1b
    
40. 
    
41.     /*UPLL=(m*Fin)/(P*(1<<s)), m="(MDIV+8)," p="(PDIV+2)," s="SDIV*/
42.     ldr r0, =UPLLCON
    
43.     ldr r1, =((0x10<<12)|(0x01<<4)|(0x01))
    
44.     str r1, [r0]
    
45. 
    
46.     ldr r0, =0x10000
    
47. 1:
    
48.     sub r0, r0, #1
    
49.     bne 1b
    
50. 
    
51.     ldr sp, =1024*4
    
52.     bl init_sdram
    
53. 
    
54.     /*设置栈指向内存地址 (0x33d80000+128k)*/
    
55.     ldr sp, =0x33dA0000
    
56. 
    
57.     /*dest=0x33d80000 src=0x0 size=16k*/
    
58.     bl nand_init ;初始化nand flash
    
59.     ldr r0, =0x33d80000
    
60.     mov r1, #0x0
    
61.     ldr r2, =1024*16
    
62.     bl nand_read_page ;将nand flash上的boot读到内存0x33d80000处，大小为16k
    
63.     
    
64.     ldr pc, _main ;跳转到内存中的main中执行
    
65. loop:
    
66.     b loop
    
67. _main: .word main

2.2 nand.c

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1. #define NFCONF          (*(volatile unsigned int *) 0x4E000000)
   
2. #define NFCONT          (*(volatile unsigned int *) 0x4E000004)
   
3. #define NFCMMD          (*(volatile unsigned int *) 0x4E000008)
   
4. #define NFADDR          (*(volatile unsigned int *) 0x4E00000C)
   
5. #define NFDATA          (*(volatile unsigned char *) 0x4E000010) //注意：类型char
   
6. #define NFMECCD0      (*(volatile unsigned int *) 0x4E000014)
   
7. #define NFMECCD1      (*(volatile unsigned int *) 0x4E000018)
   
8. #define NFSECCD      (*(volatile unsigned int *) 0x4E00001C)
   
9. #define NFSTAT          (*(volatile unsigned int *) 0x4E000020)
   
10. #define NFESTAT0      (*(volatile unsigned int *) 0x4E000024)
    
11. #define NFESTAT1      (*(volatile unsigned int *) 0x4E000028)
    
12. #define NFMECC0      (*(volatile unsigned int *) 0x4E00002C)
    
13. #define NFMECC1      (*(volatile unsigned int *) 0x4E000030)
    
14. #define NFMECC          (*(volatile unsigned int *) 0x4E000034)
    
15. #define NFSBLK          (*(volatile unsigned int *) 0x4E000038)
    
16. #define NFEBLK          (*(volatile unsigned int *) 0x4E00003C)
    
17. 
    
18. /*nand command */
    
19. #define NAND_CMD_RESET     0xFF
    
20. 
    
21. #define NAND_PAGE_SIZE    2048
    
22. #define NAND_PAGE_MASK    (NAND_PAGE_SIZE-1)
    
23. 
    
24. static void nand_chip_select(void)
    
25. {
    
26.     int i;
    
27.     NFCONT &= ~(1<<1);
    
28.     for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    
29. }
    
30. 
    
31. static void nand_chip_deselect(void)
    
32. {
    
33.     NFCONT |= (1<<1);
    
34. }
    
35. 
    
36. static void nand_write_cmd(unsigned char cmd)
    
37. {
    
38.     NFCMMD = cmd;
    
39. }
    
40. 
    
41. static void nand_write_addr(unsigned int addr)
    
42. {
    
43.     int col, page;
    
44.     int i;
    
45.     col = addr & NAND_PAGE_MASK;
    
46.     page = addr / NAND_PAGE_SIZE;
    
47.     
    
48.     NFADDR = col & 0xff;            /* Column Address A0~A7 */
    
49.     for(i=0; i<10; i++);        
    
50.     NFADDR = (col >> 8) & 0x0f;        /* Column Address A8~A11 */
    
51.     for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    
52.     NFADDR = page & 0xff;            /* Row Address A12~A19 */
    
53.     for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    
54.     NFADDR = (page >> 8) & 0xff;    /* Row Address A20~A27 */
    
55.     for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    
56.     NFADDR = (page >> 16) & 0x03;    /* Row Address A28~A29 */
    
57.     for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    
58. }
    
59. 
    
60. static void nand_wait_idle(void)
    
61. {
    
62.     while( !(NFSTAT & 0x01))
    
63.         ;
    
64. }
    
65. 
    
66. static void nand_reset(void)
    
67. {
    
68.     nand_chip_select();
    
69.     nand_write_cmd(NAND_CMD_RESET);
    
70.     nand_wait_idle();
    
71.     nand_chip_deselect();
    
72. }
    
73. 
    
74. static unsigned char nand_read_byte(void)
    
75. {
    
76.     return (NFDATA&0xFF);
    
77. }
    
78. 
    
79. void nand_init(void)
    
80. {
    
81. #define TACLS    0x0
    
82. #define TWRPH0     0x03
    
83. #define TWRPH1     0x0
    
84.     NFCONF = (TACLS<<12)|(TWRPH0<<8)|(TWRPH1<<4);
    
85.     NFCONT = (0x01<<4)|(0x01<<1)|(0x01<<0);
    
86.     nand_reset(); //初次使用时要先复位一下
    
87. }
    
88. 
    
89. /*调用这个函数时要保证size是按页对齐的*/
90. void nand_read_page(unsigned char * dest_addr, unsigned long src_addr, unsigned int size)
    
91. {
    
92.     int i,j;
    
93. 
    
94.     NFCONT &= ~(1<<1);
    
95.     for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    
96.     for(i=0; i<size (nand_page_size);="" i++)="" <="" li="" style="word-wrap: break-word;">
97.     {
    
98.         nand_write_cmd(0x00);
    
99.         nand_write_addr(src_addr+i*NAND_PAGE_SIZE);
    
100.         nand_write_cmd(0x30);
     
101.         nand_wait_idle();
     
102.         //read one block
     
103.         for(j=0; j<nand_page_size; j++)="" <="" li="" style="word-wrap: break-word;">
104.         {
     
105.             *dest_addr = nand_read_byte();
     
106.             dest_addr ++;
     
107.         }
     
108.     }
     
109.     nand_chip_deselect();
     
110. }

对于nand flash的 NFDATA 寄存器定义时要特别注意，是char而不是int。

2.3 main.c

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1. #define GPBCON (*(volatile unsigned int *) 0x56000010)
   
2. #define GPBDAT (*(volatile unsigned int *) 0x56000014)
   
3. 
   
4. static inline void delay (unsigned long loops)
   
5. {
   
6.     __asm__ volatile ("1:\n"
   
7.             "subs %0, %1, #1\n"
   
8.             "bne 1b":"=r" (loops):"0" (loops));
   
9. }
   
10. 
    
11. /* led流水灯 */
    
12. void main(void)
    
13. {
    
14.     int i = 1;
    
15.     GPBCON = 0x15400;
    
16. 
    
17.     while(1)
    
18.     {
    
19.         GPBDAT = 0x7FF&(~i<<5);
    
20.         i *= 2;
    
21.         if(16==i)
    
22.             i = 1;
    
23.         delay(400000);
    
24.     }
    
25.     return ;
    
26. }

2.4 sdram.c 没有改动

2.5 Makefile中OBJS :=  start.o sdram.o nand.o main.o

 myboot_nand.rar   (使用时要将后缀名改为 .tar.gz)