postgresql 备份恢复(二)

postgresql同样支持在线备份,该备份方式与oracle中用户热备的方式相同,手动拷贝数据文库文件与归档日志。可以根据测试过程将备份直接写成script,通过定制,完成数据库的自动备份。
postgresql的恢复支持基于时间戳与事务ID,可以通过时间戳或事务ID的方式,完成数据库的不完全恢复或者因错误操作的故障恢复。
该测试目的：postgresql的在线备份;通过在线备份完成恢复。

1,开启归档

   
   

    
    [postgre@daduxiong ~]$ more /usr/local/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf |grep archive_

archive_mode = on               # allows archiving to be done

archive_command = 'cp -i %p /archive/%f >/dev/null'

   
   

2,重新启动数据库

   
   

    
    [root@daduxiong ~]# service postgresql stop

Stopping PostgreSQL: server stopped

ok

[root@daduxiong ~]# service postgresql start

Starting PostgreSQL: ok

   
   

3,启动备份

 

   
   

    
    [postgre@daduxiong archive]$ psql postgres -c "select pg_start_backup('hot_backup');" 

 pg_start_backup 

-----------------

 0/7000020

(1 row)

   
   

4,使用tar命令备份数据库文件,不包含pg_xlog目录

 

   
   

    
    [postgre@daduxiong archive]$ tar --exclude $PGDATA/pg_xlog -cvjpf /archive/pgbackup.tar.bz2 $PGDATA

   
   

 

5,完成备份

 

   
   

    
    [postgre@daduxiong archive]$ psql postgres -c "select pg_stop_backup();"

 pg_stop_backup 

----------------

 0/70133A0

(1 row)

   
   

 

6,在postgres数据库中创建表并插入记录,作为恢复时的判断。

代码

    
    

     
     [postgre@daduxiong archive]$ psql postgres

Welcome to psql 8.3.10, the PostgreSQL interactive terminal.



Type:  /copyright for distribution terms

       /h for help with SQL commands

       /? for help with psql commands

       /g or terminate with semicolon to execute query

       /q to quit



postgres=# create table abc(id integer);

CREATE TABLE

postgres=# insert into abc values(1);

INSERT 0 1

postgres=# /q

    
    

 

7,此时假设数据库出现问题,停止数据库,拷贝日志

   
   

    
    [root@daduxiong pgsql]# service postgresql stop

Stopping PostgreSQL: server stopped

ok

[postgre@daduxiong archive]$ cp $PGDATA/pg_xlog/*00* /archive/

   
   

 

8,删除"发生错误"的data目录

   
   

    
    [root@daduxiong pgsql]# rm -rf data

   
   

 

9,解压之前的备份文件压缩包

代码

    
    

     
     [postgre@daduxiong pgsql]$ tar -xvf /archive/pgbackup.tar.bz2

....省略

/usr/local/pgsql/data/global/2843

/usr/local/pgsql/data/postmaster.opts

/usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_twophase/

/usr/local/pgsql/data/postmaster.pid

/usr/local/pgsql/data/backup_label

/usr/local/pgsql/data/PG_VERSION

    
    

 

10,恢复data目录,重新创建pg_xlog目录及其子目录archive_status

代码

    
    

     
     [root@daduxiong pgsql]# mv /archive/usr/local/pgsql/data /usr/local/pgsql

[root@daduxiong data]# mkdir pg_xlog

[root@daduxiong data]# chmod 0700 pg_xlog/

[root@daduxiong data]# chown postgre:postgre pg_xlog/

[root@daduxiong data]# cd pg_xlog/

[root@daduxiong pg_xlog]# mkdir archive_status

[root@daduxiong pg_xlog]# chmod 0700 archive_status/

[root@daduxiong pg_xlog]# chown postgre:postgre archive_status/

[root@daduxiong pg_xlog]# mv /archive/*00* /usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_xlog

[root@daduxiong pg_xlog]# cd ..

[root@daduxiong data]# ls

backup_label  pg_clog        pg_multixact  pg_twophase  postgresql.conf

base          pg_hba.conf    pg_subtrans   PG_VERSION   postmaster.opts

global        pg_ident.conf  pg_tblspc     pg_xlog      postmaster.pid

    
    

 

11,配置恢复配置文件

代码

    
    

     
     [root@daduxiong data]# touch recovery.conf

[root@daduxiong data]# echo "restore_command='cp -i /archive/%f %p'" >>recovery.conf

[root@daduxiong data]# chown postgre:postgre recovery.conf

[root@daduxiong data]# chmod 0750 recovery.conf

    
    

 

12,启动数据库,观察数据库启动的日志

代码

    
    

     
     [root@daduxiong data]# service postgresql start

Starting PostgreSQL: ok



---省略日志部分内容

LOG:  selected new timeline ID: 3

LOG:  restored log file "00000002.history" from archive

LOG:  archive recovery complete

LOG:  autovacuum launcher started

LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections

cp: overwrite `/archive/000000010000000000000008'? cp: overwrite `/archive/000000010000000000000009'? cp: overwrite `/archive/000000020000000000000009'? cp: overwrite `/archive/00000002000000000000000A'? 

    
    

 

13,验证恢复结果。检查之前创建的表与记录。

 

代码

    
    

     
     [postgre@daduxiong archive]$ psql postgres

Welcome to psql 8.3.10, the PostgreSQL interactive terminal.



Type:  /copyright for distribution terms

       /h for help with SQL commands

       /? for help with psql commands

       /g or terminate with semicolon to execute query

       /q to quit



postgres=# select * from abc;

 id

----

  1

(1 row)



postgres=# /q





[root@daduxiong data]# ls -l

total 80

-rw------- 1 postgre postgre   147 Aug 31 10:26 backup_label.old

drwx------ 6 postgre postgre  4096 Aug 27 11:33 base

drwx------ 2 postgre postgre  4096 Aug 31 10:41 global

drwx------ 2 postgre postgre  4096 Aug 10 11:06 pg_clog

-rwx------ 1 postgre postgre  3429 Aug 10 11:10 pg_hba.conf

-rwx------ 1 postgre postgre  1460 Aug 10 11:06 pg_ident.conf

drwx------ 4 postgre postgre  4096 Aug 10 11:06 pg_multixact

drwx------ 2 postgre postgre  4096 Aug 10 11:06 pg_subtrans

drwx------ 2 postgre postgre  4096 Aug 10 11:06 pg_tblspc

drwx------ 2 postgre postgre  4096 Aug 10 11:06 pg_twophase

-rwx------ 1 postgre postgre     4 Aug 10 11:06 PG_VERSION

drwx------ 3 postgre postgre  4096 Aug 31 10:35 pg_xlog

-rwx------ 1 postgre postgre 16727 Aug 31 09:42 postgresql.conf

-rwx------ 1 postgre postgre    59 Aug 31 10:35 postmaster.opts

-rw------- 1 postgre postgre    47 Aug 31 10:35 postmaster.pid

-rwxr-x--- 1 postgre postgre    39 Aug 31 10:34 recovery.done

    
    

 

说明：
该测试中采用的是系统安装默认的数据,如果是生产库需要注意备份所有的表空间,不能仅仅备份软连接.
数据库完成备份后,recovery.conf文件变成recovery.done,backup_label文件变成了backup_lable.old.

 

oracle的备份通常采用RMAN工具备份,该工具功能强大,使用方便,得到大家的认可。

开源项目组也为postgresql开发了一款类似的工具pg-rman,其功能也很强大,使用方式和特点与ORACLE的RMAN非常类似。