工作流参考模型点评

工作流参考模型点评

工作流参考模型是由WFMC提出来的,对工作流管理系统的实现推荐的一个参考模型。
 
下面分别对各个组件进行解释:

          1) Work Flow Enactment Service

 这个组件就是我们平常说的工作流机或工作流引擎,主要功能是读取工作流定义、根据工作流定义驱动工作流的流转。一般常用的开源的JAVA工作流机有Shark/OBE/ofbiz等。

 

          2) Process Definition Tool

 用于以图形化的方式定义工作流。如著名的JAWEProcess Definition ToolWork Flow Enactment Service之间的接口就是Interface 1。接口一标准目前就是XPDL标准。

 

          3) Work Flow Client Application

 工作流机的客户端程序。该程序由用户结合业务需求而开发,用它来驱动工作流。客户端程序通过Interface 2与引擎交互。一般的工作流引擎用户不需要懂引擎的实现,只要知道怎么实现客户端程序就可以了。


          4) Invoked Applications

 在工作流运作的过程中,可能需要调用工作流机之外的功能,这时可通过定义好的Interface 3来完成。

         
          5) other Work Flow Enactment Service

 Interface 4用于工作流机与其他工作流机的协作。

 

          6) Administration and Monitoring Tools

  用于管理和监视工作流机,这个就是接口5了。

 

大多数的工作流引擎并不能实现全部的接口,而且每个引擎的优点都分布在不同的接口上。如OBE的接口2实现的比较好,但没有实现接口4;Shark的接口5的实现是其它工作流引擎望尘莫及的。

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1. Introduction 1.1. Background Work Flow Management is a fast evolving technology which is increasingly being exploited by businesses in a variety of industries. Its primary characteristic is the automation of processes involving combinations of human and machine-based activities, particularly those involving interaction with IT applications and tools. Although its most prevalent use is within the office environment in staff intensive operations such as insurance, banking, legal and general administration, etc, it is also applicable to some classes of industrial and manufacturing applications . Many software vendors have WFM products available today which involve WFM technology and there is a continual introduction of more products into the market. The availability of a wide range of products within the market has allowed individual product vendors to focus on particular functional capabilities and users have adopted particular products to meet specific application needs. However, there are, as yet, no standards defined to enable different WFM products to work together, which is resulting in incompatible "islands" of process automation. The WFM Coalition is a grouping of companies who have joined together to address the above situation. It has been recognised that all work flow management products have some common characteristics, enabling them potentially to achieve a level of interoperability through the use of common standards for various functions. The WFM Coalition has been established to identify these functional areas and develop appropriate specifications for implementation in workflow products. It is intended that such specifications will enable interoperability between heterogeneous workflow products and improved integration of workflow applications with other IT services such as electronic mail and document management, thereby improving the opportunities for the effective use of workflow technology within the IT market, to the benefit of both vendors and users of such technology. 1.2. Purpose The purpose of this document is to provide a framework to support the development of the various specifications described above. It provides a common "Reference Model" for workflow management systems identifying their characteristics, terminology and components, enabling the individual specifications to be developed within the context of an overall model for workflow systems. The detailed specifications will be developed as separate documents. 1.3. Scope This document covers the concepts, terminology, general structure of a workflow management system, its major functional components and the interfaces and information interchange flows between them. It identifies the areas appropriate for standardisation and illustrates the potential interoperability scenarios which may be supported through the use of common standards. It also discusses, where appropriate, the applicability of existing standards to workflow management systems and their integration with other standard IT services. It does not cover wider aspects of business process engineering which lie outside the use of information technology to support the business process. 1.4. Audience The intended audience of this document is the work flow coalition membership as well as others that are interested in the efforts of the coalition and wish to understand the top level technical architecture which underpins the work of the Coalition. The document is intended for a moderately technical audience but extensive prior knowledge of workflow systems is not assumed. 1.5. How to read this document Chapter 2 provides a general introduction to the concepts of workflow systems technology, its evolution, the business context and background on the types of systems which may incorporate this type of technology. If you are unfamiliar with workflow technology you should start here; if you are already familiar with workflow management systems, consider starting at Chapter 3. Chapter 3 discuses the internal structure of workflow systems, the major functional components and the nature of their interactions. It introduces the top level architecture and identifies the various interfaces which may be used to support interoperability between different system components and integration with other major IT infrastructure components. Chapter 4 provides a general overview of the workflow application programme interface (WAPI), comments on the necessary protocol support for open interworking and discusses the principles of conformance to the specifications. It identifies those aspects of the specifications which are required to support various classes of interoperability. The detailed WAPI specifications are published as separate specification documents (see cross references below).

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