Java加密技术四——非对称加密算法RSA

接下来我们介绍典型的非对称加密算法——RSA 

RSA  
    这种算法1978年就出现了，它是第一个既能用于数据加密也能用于数字签名的算法。它易于理解和操作，也很流行。算法的名字以发明者的名字命名：Ron Rivest, AdiShamir 和Leonard Adleman。 
    这种加密算法的特点主要是密钥的变化，上文我们看到DES只有一个密钥。相当于只有一把钥匙，如果这把钥匙丢了，数据也就不安全了。RSA同时有两把钥匙，公钥与私钥。同时支持数字签名。数字签名的意义在于，对传输过来的数据进行校验。确保数据在传输工程中不被修改。   

流程分析：  

1. 甲方构建密钥对儿，将公钥公布给乙方，将私钥保留。
2. 甲方使用私钥加密数据，然后用私钥对加密后的数据签名，发送给乙方签名以及加密后的数据；乙方使用公钥、签名来验证待解密数据是否有效，如果有效使用公钥对数据解密。
3. 乙方使用公钥加密数据，向甲方发送经过加密后的数据；甲方获得加密数据，通过私钥解密。

按如上步骤给出序列图，如下： 

1. 
2. 
3. 

通过java代码实现如下：  Coder类见 Java加密技术（一）  

Java代码    

1. import java.security.Key;  
2. import java.security.KeyFactory;  
3. import java.security.KeyPair;  
4. import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;  
5. import java.security.PrivateKey;  
6. import java.security.PublicKey;  
7. import java.security.Signature;  
8. import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;  
9. import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;  
10. import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;  
11. import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;  
12.   
13. import java.util.HashMap;  
14. import java.util.Map;  
15.   
16. import javax.crypto.Cipher;  
17.   
18. /** 
19.  * RSA安全编码组件 
20.  *  
21.  * @author 梁栋 
22.  * @version 1.0 
23.  * @since 1.0 
24.  */  
25. public abstract class RSACoder extends Coder {  
26.     public static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "RSA";  
27.     public static final String SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM = "MD5withRSA";  
28.   
29.     private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "RSAPublicKey";  
30.     private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "RSAPrivateKey";  
31.   
32.     /** 
33.      * 用私钥对信息生成数字签名 
34.      *  
35.      * @param data 
36.      *            加密数据 
37.      * @param privateKey 
38.      *            私钥 
39.      *  
40.      * @return 
41.      * @throws Exception 
42.      */  
43.     public static String sign(byte[] data, String privateKey) throws Exception {  
44.         // 解密由base64编码的私钥  
45.         byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(privateKey);  
46.   
47.         // 构造PKCS8EncodedKeySpec对象  
48.         PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);  
49.   
50.         // KEY_ALGORITHM 指定的加密算法  
51.         KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);  
52.   
53.         // 取私钥匙对象  
54.         PrivateKey priKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);  
55.   
56.         // 用私钥对信息生成数字签名  
57.         Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);  
58.         signature.initSign(priKey);  
59.         signature.update(data);  
60.   
61.         return encryptBASE64(signature.sign());  
62.     }  
63.   
64.     /** 
65.      * 校验数字签名 
66.      *  
67.      * @param data 
68.      *            加密数据 
69.      * @param publicKey 
70.      *            公钥 
71.      * @param sign 
72.      *            数字签名 
73.      *  
74.      * @return 校验成功返回true 失败返回false 
75.      * @throws Exception 
76.      *  
77.      */  
78.     public static boolean verify(byte[] data, String publicKey, String sign)  
79.             throws Exception {  
80.   
81.         // 解密由base64编码的公钥  
82.         byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(publicKey);  
83.   
84.         // 构造X509EncodedKeySpec对象  
85.         X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);  
86.   
87.         // KEY_ALGORITHM 指定的加密算法  
88.         KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);  
89.   
90.         // 取公钥匙对象  
91.         PublicKey pubKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);  
92.   
93.         Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);  
94.         signature.initVerify(pubKey);  
95.         signature.update(data);  
96.   
97.         // 验证签名是否正常  
98.         return signature.verify(decryptBASE64(sign));  
99.     }  
100.   
101.     /** 
102.      * 解密<br> 
103.      * 用私钥解密 
104.      *  
105.      * @param data 
106.      * @param key 
107.      * @return 
108.      * @throws Exception 
109.      */  
110.     public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String key)  
111.             throws Exception {  
112.         // 对密钥解密  
113.         byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);  
114.   
115.         // 取得私钥  
116.         PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);  
117.         KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);  
118.         Key privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);  
119.   
120.         // 对数据解密  
121.         Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());  
122.         cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);  
123.   
124.         return cipher.doFinal(data);  
125.     }  
126.   
127.     /** 
128.      * 解密<br> 
129.      * 用公钥解密 
130.      *  
131.      * @param data 
132.      * @param key 
133.      * @return 
134.      * @throws Exception 
135.      */  
136.     public static byte[] decryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String key)  
137.             throws Exception {  
138.         // 对密钥解密  
139.         byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);  
140.   
141.         // 取得公钥  
142.         X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);  
143.         KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);  
144.         Key publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);  
145.   
146.         // 对数据解密  
147.         Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());  
148.         cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);  
149.   
150.         return cipher.doFinal(data);  
151.     }  
152.   
153.     /** 
154.      * 加密<br> 
155.      * 用公钥加密 
156.      *  
157.      * @param data 
158.      * @param key 
159.      * @return 
160.      * @throws Exception 
161.      */  
162.     public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String key)  
163.             throws Exception {  
164.         // 对公钥解密  
165.         byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);  
166.   
167.         // 取得公钥  
168.         X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);  
169.         KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);  
170.         Key publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);  
171.   
172.         // 对数据加密  
173.         Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());  
174.         cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);  
175.   
176.         return cipher.doFinal(data);  
177.     }  
178.   
179.     /** 
180.      * 加密<br> 
181.      * 用私钥加密 
182.      *  
183.      * @param data 
184.      * @param key 
185.      * @return 
186.      * @throws Exception 
187.      */  
188.     public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String key)  
189.             throws Exception {  
190.         // 对密钥解密  
191.         byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);  
192.   
193.         // 取得私钥  
194.         PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);  
195.         KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);  
196.         Key privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);  
197.   
198.         // 对数据加密  
199.         Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());  
200.         cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey);  
201.   
202.         return cipher.doFinal(data);  
203.     }  
204.   
205.     /** 
206.      * 取得私钥 
207.      *  
208.      * @param keyMap 
209.      * @return 
210.      * @throws Exception 
211.      */  
212.     public static String getPrivateKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)  
213.             throws Exception {  
214.         Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY);  
215.   
216.         return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());  
217.     }  
218.   
219.     /** 
220.      * 取得公钥 
221.      *  
222.      * @param keyMap 
223.      * @return 
224.      * @throws Exception 
225.      */  
226.     public static String getPublicKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)  
227.             throws Exception {  
228.         Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY);  
229.   
230.         return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());  
231.     }  
232.   
233.     /** 
234.      * 初始化密钥 
235.      *  
236.      * @return 
237.      * @throws Exception 
238.      */  
239.     public static Map<String, Object> initKey() throws Exception {  
240.         KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator  
241.                 .getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);  
242.         keyPairGen.initialize(1024);  
243.   
244.         KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();  
245.   
246.         // 公钥  
247.         RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();  
248.   
249.         // 私钥  
250.         RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();  
251.   
252.         Map<String, Object> keyMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(2);  
253.   
254.         keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey);  
255.         keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey);  
256.         return keyMap;  
257.     }  
258. }  

import java.security.Key;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.Signature;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;

/**
 * RSA安全编码组件
 * 
 * @author 梁栋
 * @version 1.0
 * @since 1.0
 */
public abstract class RSACoder extends Coder {
	public static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "RSA";
	public static final String SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM = "MD5withRSA";

	private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "RSAPublicKey";
	private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "RSAPrivateKey";

	/**
	 * 用私钥对信息生成数字签名
	 * 
	 * @param data
	 *            加密数据
	 * @param privateKey
	 *            私钥
	 * 
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static String sign(byte[] data, String privateKey) throws Exception {
		// 解密由base64编码的私钥
		byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(privateKey);

		// 构造PKCS8EncodedKeySpec对象
		PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);

		// KEY_ALGORITHM 指定的加密算法
		KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);

		// 取私钥匙对象
		PrivateKey priKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);

		// 用私钥对信息生成数字签名
		Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);
		signature.initSign(priKey);
		signature.update(data);

		return encryptBASE64(signature.sign());
	}

	/**
	 * 校验数字签名
	 * 
	 * @param data
	 *            加密数据
	 * @param publicKey
	 *            公钥
	 * @param sign
	 *            数字签名
	 * 
	 * @return 校验成功返回true 失败返回false
	 * @throws Exception
	 * 
	 */
	public static boolean verify(byte[] data, String publicKey, String sign)
			throws Exception {

		// 解密由base64编码的公钥
		byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(publicKey);

		// 构造X509EncodedKeySpec对象
		X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);

		// KEY_ALGORITHM 指定的加密算法
		KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);

		// 取公钥匙对象
		PublicKey pubKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);

		Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);
		signature.initVerify(pubKey);
		signature.update(data);

		// 验证签名是否正常
		return signature.verify(decryptBASE64(sign));
	}

	/**
	 * 解密<br>
	 * 用私钥解密
	 * 
	 * @param data
	 * @param key
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String key)
			throws Exception {
		// 对密钥解密
		byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);

		// 取得私钥
		PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
		KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
		Key privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);

		// 对数据解密
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
		cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);

		return cipher.doFinal(data);
	}

	/**
	 * 解密<br>
	 * 用公钥解密
	 * 
	 * @param data
	 * @param key
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static byte[] decryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String key)
			throws Exception {
		// 对密钥解密
		byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);

		// 取得公钥
		X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
		KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
		Key publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);

		// 对数据解密
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
		cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);

		return cipher.doFinal(data);
	}

	/**
	 * 加密<br>
	 * 用公钥加密
	 * 
	 * @param data
	 * @param key
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String key)
			throws Exception {
		// 对公钥解密
		byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);

		// 取得公钥
		X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
		KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
		Key publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);

		// 对数据加密
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
		cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);

		return cipher.doFinal(data);
	}

	/**
	 * 加密<br>
	 * 用私钥加密
	 * 
	 * @param data
	 * @param key
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String key)
			throws Exception {
		// 对密钥解密
		byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);

		// 取得私钥
		PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
		KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
		Key privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);

		// 对数据加密
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
		cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey);

		return cipher.doFinal(data);
	}

	/**
	 * 取得私钥
	 * 
	 * @param keyMap
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static String getPrivateKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)
			throws Exception {
		Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY);

		return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
	}

	/**
	 * 取得公钥
	 * 
	 * @param keyMap
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static String getPublicKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)
			throws Exception {
		Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY);

		return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
	}

	/**
	 * 初始化密钥
	 * 
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static Map<String, Object> initKey() throws Exception {
		KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator
				.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
		keyPairGen.initialize(1024);

		KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();

		// 公钥
		RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();

		// 私钥
		RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();

		Map<String, Object> keyMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(2);

		keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey);
		keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey);
		return keyMap;
	}
}

再给出一个测试类： 

Java代码    

1. import static org.junit.Assert.*;  
2.   
3. import org.junit.Before;  
4. import org.junit.Test;  
5.   
6. import java.util.Map;  
7.   
8. /** 
9.  *  
10.  * @author 梁栋 
11.  * @version 1.0 
12.  * @since 1.0 
13.  */  
14. public class RSACoderTest {  
15.     private String publicKey;  
16.     private String privateKey;  
17.   
18.     @Before  
19.     public void setUp() throws Exception {  
20.         Map<String, Object> keyMap = RSACoder.initKey();  
21.   
22.         publicKey = RSACoder.getPublicKey(keyMap);  
23.         privateKey = RSACoder.getPrivateKey(keyMap);  
24.         System.err.println("公钥: \n\r" + publicKey);  
25.         System.err.println("私钥： \n\r" + privateKey);  
26.     }  
27.   
28.     @Test  
29.     public void test() throws Exception {  
30.         System.err.println("公钥加密——私钥解密");  
31.         String inputStr = "abc";  
32.         byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes();  
33.   
34.         byte[] encodedData = RSACoder.encryptByPublicKey(data, publicKey);  
35.   
36.         byte[] decodedData = RSACoder.decryptByPrivateKey(encodedData,  
37.                 privateKey);  
38.   
39.         String outputStr = new String(decodedData);  
40.         System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "\n\r" + "解密后: " + outputStr);  
41.         assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);  
42.   
43.     }  
44.   
45.     @Test  
46.     public void testSign() throws Exception {  
47.         System.err.println("私钥加密——公钥解密");  
48.         String inputStr = "sign";  
49.         byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes();  
50.   
51.         byte[] encodedData = RSACoder.encryptByPrivateKey(data, privateKey);  
52.   
53.         byte[] decodedData = RSACoder  
54.                 .decryptByPublicKey(encodedData, publicKey);  
55.   
56.         String outputStr = new String(decodedData);  
57.         System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "\n\r" + "解密后: " + outputStr);  
58.         assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);  
59.   
60.         System.err.println("私钥签名——公钥验证签名");  
61.         // 产生签名  
62.         String sign = RSACoder.sign(encodedData, privateKey);  
63.         System.err.println("签名:\r" + sign);  
64.   
65.         // 验证签名  
66.         boolean status = RSACoder.verify(encodedData, publicKey, sign);  
67.         System.err.println("状态:\r" + status);  
68.         assertTrue(status);  
69.   
70.     }  
71.   
72. }  

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.Map;

/**
 * 
 * @author 梁栋
 * @version 1.0
 * @since 1.0
 */
public class RSACoderTest {
	private String publicKey;
	private String privateKey;

	@Before
	public void setUp() throws Exception {
		Map<String, Object> keyMap = RSACoder.initKey();

		publicKey = RSACoder.getPublicKey(keyMap);
		privateKey = RSACoder.getPrivateKey(keyMap);
		System.err.println("公钥: \n\r" + publicKey);
		System.err.println("私钥： \n\r" + privateKey);
	}

	@Test
	public void test() throws Exception {
		System.err.println("公钥加密——私钥解密");
		String inputStr = "abc";
		byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes();

		byte[] encodedData = RSACoder.encryptByPublicKey(data, publicKey);

		byte[] decodedData = RSACoder.decryptByPrivateKey(encodedData,
				privateKey);

		String outputStr = new String(decodedData);
		System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "\n\r" + "解密后: " + outputStr);
		assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);

	}

	@Test
	public void testSign() throws Exception {
		System.err.println("私钥加密——公钥解密");
		String inputStr = "sign";
		byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes();

		byte[] encodedData = RSACoder.encryptByPrivateKey(data, privateKey);

		byte[] decodedData = RSACoder
				.decryptByPublicKey(encodedData, publicKey);

		String outputStr = new String(decodedData);
		System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "\n\r" + "解密后: " + outputStr);
		assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);

		System.err.println("私钥签名——公钥验证签名");
		// 产生签名
		String sign = RSACoder.sign(encodedData, privateKey);
		System.err.println("签名:\r" + sign);

		// 验证签名
		boolean status = RSACoder.verify(encodedData, publicKey, sign);
		System.err.println("状态:\r" + status);
		assertTrue(status);

	}

}

控制台输出： 

Console代码    

1. 公钥:   
2.   
3. MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCYU/+I0+z1aBl5X6DUUOHQ7FZpmBSDbKTtx89J  
4. EcB64jFCkunELT8qiKly7fzEqD03g8ALlu5XvX+bBqHFy7YPJJP0ekE2X3wjUnh2NxlqpH3/B/xm  
5. 1ZdSlCwDIkbijhBVDjA/bu5BObhZqQmDwIxlQInL9oVz+o6FbAZCyHBd7wIDAQAB  
6.   
7. 私钥：   
8.   
9. MIICdgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAmAwggJcAgEAAoGBAJhT/4jT7PVoGXlfoNRQ4dDsVmmY  
10. FINspO3Hz0kRwHriMUKS6cQtPyqIqXLt/MSoPTeDwAuW7le9f5sGocXLtg8kk/R6QTZffCNSeHY3  
11. GWqkff8H/GbVl1KULAMiRuKOEFUOMD9u7kE5uFmpCYPAjGVAicv2hXP6joVsBkLIcF3vAgMBAAEC  
12. gYBvZHWoZHmS2EZQqKqeuGr58eobG9hcZzWQoJ4nq/CarBAjw/VovUHE490uK3S9ht4FW7Yzg3LV  
13. /MB06Huifh6qf/X9NQA7SeZRRC8gnCQk6JuDIEVJOud5jU+9tyumJakDKodQ3Jf2zQtNr+5ZdEPl  
14. uwWgv9c4kmpjhAdyMuQmYQJBANn6pcgvyYaia52dnu+yBUsGkaFfwXkzFSExIbi0MXTkhEb/ER/D  
15. rLytukkUu5S5ecz/KBa8U4xIslZDYQbLz5ECQQCy5dutt7RsxN4+dxCWn0/1FrkWl2G329Ucewm3  
16. QU9CKu4D+7Kqdj+Ha3lXP8F0Etaaapi7+EfkRUpukn2ItZV/AkEAlk+I0iphxT1rCB0Q5CjWDY5S  
17. Df2B5JmdEG5Y2o0nLXwG2w44OLct/k2uD4cEcuITY5Dvi/4BftMCZwm/dnhEgQJACIktJSnJwxLV  
18. o9dchENPtlsCM9C/Sd2EWpqISSUlmfugZbJBwR5pQ5XeMUqKeXZYpP+HEBj1nS+tMH9u2/IGEwJA  
19. fL8mZiZXan/oBKrblAbplNcKWGRVD/3y65042PAEeghahlJMiYquV5DzZajuuT0wbJ5xQuZB01+X  
20. nfpFpBJ2dw==  
21.   
22. 公钥加密——私钥解密  
23. 加密前: abc  
24.   
25. 解密后: abc  
26. 公钥:   
27.   
28. MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDdOj40yEB48XqWxmPILmJAc7UecIN7F32etSHF  
29. 9rwbuEh3+iTPOGSxhoSQpOED0vOb0ZIMkBXZSgsxLaBSin2RZ09YKWRjtpCA0kDkiD11gj4tzTiM  
30. l9qq1kwSK7ZkGAgodEn3yIILVmQDuEImHOXFtulvJ71ka07u3LuwUNdB/wIDAQAB  
31.   
32. 私钥：   
33.   
34. MIICdwIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAmEwggJdAgEAAoGBAN06PjTIQHjxepbGY8guYkBztR5w  
35. g3sXfZ61IcX2vBu4SHf6JM84ZLGGhJCk4QPS85vRkgyQFdlKCzEtoFKKfZFnT1gpZGO2kIDSQOSI  
36. PXWCPi3NOIyX2qrWTBIrtmQYCCh0SffIggtWZAO4QiYc5cW26W8nvWRrTu7cu7BQ10H/AgMBAAEC  
37. gYEAz2JWBizjI31bqhP4XiP9PuY5F3vqBW4T+L9cFbQiyumKJc58yzTWUAUGKIIn3enXLG7dNqGr  
38. mbJro4JeFIJ3CiVDpXR9+FluIgI4SXm7ioGKF2NOMA9LR5Fu82W+pLfpTN2y2SaLYWEDZyp53BxY  
39. j9gUxaxi1MQs+C1ZgDF2xmECQQDy70bQntbRfysP+ppCtd56YRnES1Tyekw0wryS2tr+ivQJl7JF  
40. gp5rPAOXpgrq36xHDwUspQ0sJ0vj0O7ywxr1AkEA6SAaLhrJJrYucC0jxwAhUYyaPN+aOsWymaRh  
41. 9jA/Wc0wp29SbGTh5CcMuGpXm1g0M+FKW3dGiHgS3rVUKim4owJAbnxgapUzAgiiHxxMeDaavnHW  
42. 9C2GrtjsO7qtZOTgYI/1uT8itvZW8lJTF+9OW8/qXE76fXl7ai9dFnl5kzMk2QJBALfHz/vCsArt  
43. mkRiwY6zApE4Z6tPl1V33ymSVovvUzHnOdD1SKQdD5t+UV/crb3QVi8ED0t2B0u0ZSPfDT/D7kMC  
44. QDpwdj9k2F5aokLHBHUNJPFDAp7a5QMaT64gv/d48ITJ68Co+v5WzLMpzJBYXK6PAtqIhxbuPEc2  
45. I2k1Afmrwyw=  
46.   
47. 私钥加密——公钥解密  
48. 加密前: sign  
49.   
50. 解密后: sign  
51. 私钥签名——公钥验证签名  
52. 签名:  
53. ud1RsIwmSC1pN22I4IXteg1VD2FbiehKUfNxgVSHzvQNIK+d20FCkHCqh9djP3h94iWnIUY0ifU+  
54. mbJkhAl/i5krExOE0hknOnPMcEP+lZV1RbJI2zG2YooSp2XDleqrQk5e/QF2Mx0Zxt8Xsg7ucVpn  
55. i3wwbYWs9wSzIf0UjlM=  
56.   
57. 状态:  
58. true  

公钥: 

MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCYU/+I0+z1aBl5X6DUUOHQ7FZpmBSDbKTtx89J
EcB64jFCkunELT8qiKly7fzEqD03g8ALlu5XvX+bBqHFy7YPJJP0ekE2X3wjUnh2NxlqpH3/B/xm
1ZdSlCwDIkbijhBVDjA/bu5BObhZqQmDwIxlQInL9oVz+o6FbAZCyHBd7wIDAQAB

私钥： 
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公钥加密——私钥解密
加密前: abc

解密后: abc
公钥: 

MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDdOj40yEB48XqWxmPILmJAc7UecIN7F32etSHF
9rwbuEh3+iTPOGSxhoSQpOED0vOb0ZIMkBXZSgsxLaBSin2RZ09YKWRjtpCA0kDkiD11gj4tzTiM
l9qq1kwSK7ZkGAgodEn3yIILVmQDuEImHOXFtulvJ71ka07u3LuwUNdB/wIDAQAB

私钥： 
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私钥加密——公钥解密
加密前: sign

解密后: sign
私钥签名——公钥验证签名
签名:
ud1RsIwmSC1pN22I4IXteg1VD2FbiehKUfNxgVSHzvQNIK+d20FCkHCqh9djP3h94iWnIUY0ifU+
mbJkhAl/i5krExOE0hknOnPMcEP+lZV1RbJI2zG2YooSp2XDleqrQk5e/QF2Mx0Zxt8Xsg7ucVpn
i3wwbYWs9wSzIf0UjlM=

状态:
true

    简要总结一下，使用公钥加密、私钥解密，完成了乙方到甲方的一次数据传递，通过私钥加密、公钥解密，同时通过私钥签名、公钥验证签名，完成了一次甲方到乙方的数据传递与验证，两次数据传递完成一整套的数据交互！   

类似数字签名，数字信封是这样描述的： 

数字信封  
　　数字信封用加密技术来保证只有特定的收信人才能阅读信的内容。 
流程： 

    信息发送方采用对称密钥来加密信息，然后再用接收方的公钥来加密此对称密钥（这部分称为数字信封），再将它和信息一起发送给接收方；接收方先用相应的私钥打开数字信封，得到对称密钥，然后使用对称密钥再解开信息。

转载URL：http://my.oschina.net/u/1034537/blog/420568