MongoDB修改器

1.$set 增加一个键

> db.foobar.find()

{ "_id" : ObjectId("53bcbcdf683a68fb76101910"), "age" : 77, "relationships" : { "friends" : 27, "enemies" : 17 }, "username" : "dai" } 

> db.foobar.update({"username":"dai"},{"$set":{"age":50}} ) 

WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })

> db.foobar.find() 

{ "_id" : ObjectId("53bcbcdf683a68fb76101910"), "age" : 50, "relationships" : { "friends" : 27, "enemies" : 17 }, "username" : "dai" }

2.$unset 删除一个键

> db.foobar.find() 

{ "_id" : ObjectId("53bcbcdf683a68fb76101910"), "age" : 50, "relationships" : { "friends" : 27, "enemies" : 50 }, "username" : "daiweiwei" } 

> db.foobar.update({"_id":ObjectId("53bcbcdf683a68fb76101910")},{"$unset":{"user name":1}} ) 

WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })

> db.foobar.find() 

{ "_id" : ObjectId("53bcbcdf683a68fb76101910"), "age" : 50, "relationships" : { "friends" : 27, "enemies" : 50 } } 

3.$inc  增加已有键的值，或者在键不存在时创建一个键，只能用于整形长整行/双精度浮点型

> db.foobar.find({"_id": ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911")}) 

{ "_id" : ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911"), "name" : "daiweiwei", "age" : 17 } 

> db.foobar.update({"_id": ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911")},{"$inc":{"score":30}}) 

WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })

> db.foobar.find({"_id": ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911")}) 

{ "_id" : ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911"), "name" : "daiweiwei", "age" : 17 , "score" : 30 }

> db.foobar.update({"_id": ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911")},{"$inc":{"score  ":3}})  注意score的变化

WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) 

> db.foobar.find({"_id": ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911")})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911"), "name" : "daiweiwei", "age" : 17 , "score" : 33 } 

4.数组修改器，不仅可以通过索引进行引用列表，而且可以作为集合使用，

     4.1$pop 从数组中弹出,通过{$pop:{key : 1 } }从数组尾删除一个元素 {$pop:{key : -1 } }从数组头部删除

 > db.foobar.find({"_id": ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911")})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911"), "name" : "daiweiwei", "age" : 17  , "score" : 33, "book" : [ { "1" : 1, "2" : 2, "3" : 3 }, { "1" : 1, "2" : 2, "4  " : 4 } ] } 

> db.foobar.update({"_id": ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911")},{$pop: {"book": 1}}) 

WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })

> db.foobar.find({"_id": ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911")})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911"), "name" : "daiweiwei", "age" : 17  , "score" : 33, "book" : [ { "1" : 1, "2" : 2, "3" : 3 } ] }

> db.foobar.find({"_id": ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911")})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911"), "name" : "daiweiwei", "age" : 17  , "score" : 33, "book" : [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ] } 

> db.foobar.update({"_id": ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911")},{$pop: {"book": -1}}) 

WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })

> db.foobar.find({"_id": ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911")}) 

{ "_id" : ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911"), "name" : "daiweiwei", "age" : 17  , "score" : 33, "book" : [ 2, 3, 4, 5 ] }

     4.2.$push 指定的键如果存在，则在数组末尾添加元素，如果没有则创建一个数组,要是$push成为了瓶颈，可以将内嵌数组独立出来，放到单独的一个集合里。

> db.foobar.update({"_id": ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911")},{$push: {"book":{"1":1,"2":2,"3":3}}}) 

WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })

> db.foobar.find({"_id": ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911")}) 

{ "_id" : ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911"), "name" : "daiweiwei", "age" : 17 , "score" : 33, "book" : [ { "1" : 1, "2" : 2, "3" : 3 } ] } 

     4.3.$addToSet添加新的元素到数组时可以避免重复

> db.foobar.find({"_id": ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911")}) 

{ "_id" : ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911"), "name" : "daiweiwei", "age" : 17 , "score" : 33, "book" : [ 1 ] } 

> db.foobar.update({"_id": ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911")},{$push: {"book" :2}}) 

WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })

> db.foobar.find({"_id": ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911")}) 

{ "_id" : ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911"), "name" : "daiweiwei", "age" : 17 , "score" : 33, "book" : [ 1, 2 ] } 

> db.foobar.update({"_id": ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911")},{$addToSet: {"book":2}}) 

WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 })

> db.foobar.find({"_id": ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911")}) 

{ "_id" : ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911"), "name" : "daiweiwei", "age" : 17 , "score" : 33, "book" : [ 1, 2 ] } 

> db.foobar.update({"_id": ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911")},{$addToSet: {"book":3}}) 

WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })

> db.foobar.find({"_id": ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911")}) 

{ "_id" : ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911"), "name" : "daiweiwei", "age" : 17 , "score" : 33, "book" : [ 1, 2, 3 ] }

    4.4$each如果想添加多个元素可以组合"$each"

> db.foobar.find({"_id": ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911")}) 

{ "_id" : ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911"), "name" : "daiweiwei", "age" : 17 , "score" : 33, "book" : [ 1, 2, 3 ] } 

> db.foobar.update({"_id": ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911")},{$addToSet: {"book":{"$each":[4,2,3,1,5,6]}}}) 

WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })

> db.foobar.find({"_id": ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911")}) 

{ "_id" : ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911"), "name" : "daiweiwei", "age" : 17 , "score" : 33, "book" : [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ] } 

    4.5$pull删除数组特定值的元素

> db.foobar.find({"_id": ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911")}) 

{ "_id" : ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911"), "name" : "daiweiwei", "age" : 17 , "score" : 33, "book" : [ 3, 4, 2, 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ] } 

> db.foobar.update({"_id": ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911")},{$pull: {"book" : 1}}) 

WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })

> db.foobar.find({"_id": ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911")}) 

{ "_id" : ObjectId("53bcda12683a68fb76101911"), "name" : "daiweiwei", "age" : 17 , "score" : 33, "book" : [ 3, 4, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ] } 

    4.6$ 数组的定位修改器