英语文法-1 1.只能用于叙述的形容词:afraid,asleep,awake,alike,alone,alive,apart只能做叙述用法,一般不能直接用副词very修饰。 Are you all alone by yourself ? (alone只能作主语补语,不能放在名词前作修饰语。) you men are very much alike. (你们男人都一个样儿。alike前可用much,very much,exactely,somewhat等副词修饰。) Please don't say that.We two are worlds apart. (不,别这么说,我俩可大不一样。) Hey, are you awake or asleep? (嘿,你是醒着还是睡着了呢?awake多用作主语补语,在awake前有其他修饰语时,可以放在名词前,可以说much asleep,very much asleep,但不可以说very asleep) Oh,what a sleeping beauty! 噢,真是个睡美人! (asleep等词只能做主语补语,不能放在名词前作修饰语。) I dooubt whether he is still alive. (我怀疑他是否还活着。alive前可用all,fully,keenly,much,very much等副词修饰。不可以说very alive。) I am really afraid now. (我现在真的害怕了。afraid用作形容词,起叙述作用,不能放在名词前面起修饰作用,如不能说an afraid girl。) 2.时间介系词at,on,in at表示是时间的某一点; 表示节日或年龄: How could you get forgetful at the age of sixteen? (你才十六岁怎么就这么健忘?) 表示一瞬间或短暂的时间: Your memory is always poor at this time. (你的记忆力到了这种时候总是不好。) 表示一天中的某时刻,不用冠词: I got up at six in the morning. on表示某日或和某日连用的某一时间段; You were late on Monday last week. (你上星期一就晚了。) Let me see,here,that's on the moroning of May the fifteenth. (我看看,在这儿,五月十五日早上。) in用于表示除日以外的某一时间段。 表示年,月,季节,世纪,时代: Sorry,I am late, the first time in May. (对不起,我来晚了,五月份第一次迟到。) 表示除日以外的某一时间段: I got up at six in the morning. But it is eight o'clock now.How come? (但现在已经八点了,这是怎么回事?) 3.不定词 不定词时态:简单式,进行式,完成式和完成进行式。 不定词的简单式由to+动词原形构成,其动作与主要动词同时发生或发生在主要动词之后。 I am glad to see you. (am glad的状态与see you发生的时间几乎相同。) He promised to raise money for us. (他答应为我们筹备款项。to raise money for us发生在主要动词promised的动作之后。) The evidence is not far to seek. (证据不难找到。balme,seek的不定词形式通常用主动形式是表示被动意思。) 不定词的进行式由to+be+现在分词构成,表示在主要动词的动作发生时,不定次的动作正在进行之中。 He must pretend to be sleeping. (他一定在假装睡觉。) 不定词的完成式由to+have+过去分词构成,表示不定次的动作发生在主要动词之前。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting for long. 不定词的被动语态的基本形式是to+be+过去分词。 The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important. My firm went into bankruptcy. 我的公司破产了。 Even my house is to let. (我连房子都要租出去了。let的不定词形式多用主动式表示被动意思,但如后接修饰语时,则需用被动式。) 不定词完成式的被动形式是to+have+been+done。 I hate to have been treated like that.
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