- 1. ASCII
- 返回与指定的字符对应的十进制数;
- SQL> select ascii(A) A,ascii(a) a,ascii(0) zero,ascii( ) space from dual;
- A A ZERO SPACE
- --------- --------- --------- ---------
- 65 97 48 32
- 2. CHR
- 给出整数,返回对应的字符;
- SQL> select chr(54740) zhao,chr(65) chr65 from dual;
- ZH C
- -- -
- 赵 A
- 3. CONCAT
- 连接两个字符串;
- SQL> select concat(010-,88888888)||转23 高乾竞电话 from dual;
- 高乾竞电话
- ----------------
- 010-88888888转23
- 4. INITCAP
- 返回字符串并将字符串的第一个字母变为大写;
- SQL> select initcap(smith) upp from dual;
- UPP
- -----
- Smith
- 5.INSTR(C1,C2,I,J)
- 在一个字符串中搜索指定的字符,返回发现指定的字符的位置;
- C1 被搜索的字符串
- C2 希望搜索的字符串
- I 搜索的开始位置,默认为1
- J 出现的位置,默认为1
- SQL> select instr(oracle traning,ra,1,2) instring from dual;
- INSTRING
- ---------
- 9
- 6.LENGTH
- 返回字符串的长度;
- SQL> select name,length(name),addr,length(addr),sal,length(to_char(sal)) from gao.nchar_tst;
- NAME LENGTH(NAME) ADDR LENGTH(ADDR) SAL LENGTH(TO_CHAR(SAL))
- ------ ------------ ---------------- ------------ --------- --------------------
- 高乾竞 3 北京市海锭区 6 9999.99 7
- 7.LOWER
- 返回字符串,并将所有的字符小写
- SQL> select lower(AaBbCcDd)AaBbCcDd from dual;
- AABBCCDD
- --------
- aabbccdd
- 8.UPPER
- 返回字符串,并将所有的字符大写
- SQL> select upper(AaBbCcDd) upper from dual;
- UPPER
- --------
- AABBCCDD
- 9.RPAD和LPAD(粘贴字符)
- RPAD 在列的右边粘贴字符
- LPAD 在列的左边粘贴字符
- SQL> select lpad(rpad(gao,10,*),17,*)from dual;
- LPAD(RPAD(GAO,1
- -----------------
- *******gao*******
- 不够字符则用*来填满
- 10.LTRIM和RTRIM
- LTRIM 删除左边出现的字符串
- RTRIM 删除右边出现的字符串
- SQL> select ltrim(rtrim( gao qian jing , ), ) from dual;
- LTRIM(RTRIM(
- -------------
- gao qian jing
- 11.SUBSTR(string,start,count)
- 取子字符串,从start开始,取count个
- SQL> select substr(13088888888,3,8) from dual;
- SUBSTR(
- --------
- 08888888
- 12.REPLACE(string,s1,s2)
- string 希望被替换的字符或变量
- s1 被替换的字符串
- s2 要替换的字符串
- SQL> select replace(he love you,he,i) from dual;
- REPLACE(H
- ----------
- i love you
- 13.SOUNDEX
- 返回一个与给定的字符串读音相同的字符串
- SQL> create table table1(xm varchar(8));
- SQL> insert into table1 values(weather);
- SQL> insert into table1 values(wether);
- SQL> insert into table1 values(gao);
- SQL> select xm from table1 where soundex(xm)=soundex(weather);
- XM
- --------
- weather
- wether
- • 14.TRIM(s from string)
- LEADING 剪掉前面的字符
- TRAILING 剪掉后面的字符
- 如果不指定,默认为空格符
- 15.ABS
- 返回指定值的绝对值
- SQL> select abs(100),abs(-100) from dual;
- ABS(100) ABS(-100)
- --------- ---------
- 100 100
- 16.ACOS
- 给出反余弦的值
- SQL> select acos(-1) from dual;
- ACOS(-1)
- ---------
- 3.1415927
- 17.ASIN
- 给出反正弦的值
- SQL> select asin(0.5) from dual;
- ASIN(0.5)
- ---------
- .52359878
- 18.ATAN
- 返回一个数字的反正切值
- SQL> select atan(1) from dual;
- ATAN(1)
- ---------
- .78539816
- 19.CEIL
- 返回大于或等于给出数字的最小整数
- SQL> select ceil(3.1415927) from dual;
- CEIL(3.1415927)
- ---------------
- 4
- 20.COS
- 返回一个给定数字的余弦
- SQL> select cos(-3.1415927) from dual;
- COS(-3.1415927)
- ---------------
- -1
1. ASCII
返回与指定的字符对应的十进制数;
SQL> select ascii(A) A,ascii(a) a,ascii(0) zero,ascii( ) space from dual;
A A ZERO SPACE
--------- --------- --------- ---------
65 97 48 32
2. CHR
给出整数,返回对应的字符;
SQL> select chr(54740) zhao,chr(65) chr65 from dual;
ZH C
-- -
赵 A
3. CONCAT
连接两个字符串;
SQL> select concat(010-,88888888)||转23 高乾竞电话 from dual;
高乾竞电话
----------------
010-88888888转23
4. INITCAP
返回字符串并将字符串的第一个字母变为大写;
SQL> select initcap(smith) upp from dual;
UPP
-----
Smith
5.INSTR(C1,C2,I,J)
在一个字符串中搜索指定的字符,返回发现指定的字符的位置;
C1 被搜索的字符串
C2 希望搜索的字符串
I 搜索的开始位置,默认为1
J 出现的位置,默认为1
SQL> select instr(oracle traning,ra,1,2) instring from dual;
INSTRING
---------
9
6.LENGTH
返回字符串的长度;
SQL> select name,length(name),addr,length(addr),sal,length(to_char(sal)) from gao.nchar_tst;
NAME LENGTH(NAME) ADDR LENGTH(ADDR) SAL LENGTH(TO_CHAR(SAL))
------ ------------ ---------------- ------------ --------- --------------------
高乾竞 3 北京市海锭区 6 9999.99 7
7.LOWER
返回字符串,并将所有的字符小写
SQL> select lower(AaBbCcDd)AaBbCcDd from dual;
AABBCCDD
--------
aabbccdd
8.UPPER
返回字符串,并将所有的字符大写
SQL> select upper(AaBbCcDd) upper from dual;
UPPER
--------
AABBCCDD
9.RPAD和LPAD(粘贴字符)
RPAD 在列的右边粘贴字符
LPAD 在列的左边粘贴字符
SQL> select lpad(rpad(gao,10,*),17,*)from dual;
LPAD(RPAD(GAO,1
-----------------
*******gao*******
不够字符则用*来填满
10.LTRIM和RTRIM
LTRIM 删除左边出现的字符串
RTRIM 删除右边出现的字符串
SQL> select ltrim(rtrim( gao qian jing , ), ) from dual;
LTRIM(RTRIM(
-------------
gao qian jing
11.SUBSTR(string,start,count)
取子字符串,从start开始,取count个
SQL> select substr(13088888888,3,8) from dual;
SUBSTR(
--------
08888888
12.REPLACE(string,s1,s2)
string 希望被替换的字符或变量
s1 被替换的字符串
s2 要替换的字符串
SQL> select replace(he love you,he,i) from dual;
REPLACE(H
----------
i love you
13.SOUNDEX
返回一个与给定的字符串读音相同的字符串
SQL> create table table1(xm varchar(8));
SQL> insert into table1 values(weather);
SQL> insert into table1 values(wether);
SQL> insert into table1 values(gao);
SQL> select xm from table1 where soundex(xm)=soundex(weather);
XM
--------
weather
wether
• 14.TRIM(s from string)
LEADING 剪掉前面的字符
TRAILING 剪掉后面的字符
如果不指定,默认为空格符
15.ABS
返回指定值的绝对值
SQL> select abs(100),abs(-100) from dual;
ABS(100) ABS(-100)
--------- ---------
100 100
16.ACOS
给出反余弦的值
SQL> select acos(-1) from dual;
ACOS(-1)
---------
3.1415927
17.ASIN
给出反正弦的值
SQL> select asin(0.5) from dual;
ASIN(0.5)
---------
.52359878
18.ATAN
返回一个数字的反正切值
SQL> select atan(1) from dual;
ATAN(1)
---------
.78539816
19.CEIL
返回大于或等于给出数字的最小整数
SQL> select ceil(3.1415927) from dual;
CEIL(3.1415927)
---------------
4
20.COS
返回一个给定数字的余弦
SQL> select cos(-3.1415927) from dual;
COS(-3.1415927)
---------------
-1
21.COSH
- 返回一个数字反余弦值
- SQL> select cosh(20) from dual;
- COSH(20)
- ---------
- 242582598
- 22.EXP
- 返回一个数字e的n次方根
- SQL> select exp(2),exp(1) from dual;
- EXP(2) EXP(1)
- --------- ---------
- 7.3890561 2.7182818
- 23.FLOOR
- 对给定的数字取整数
- SQL> select floor(2345.67) from dual;
- FLOOR(2345.67)
- --------------
- 2345
- 24.LN
- 返回一个数字的对数值
- SQL> select ln(1),ln(2),ln(2.7182818) from dual;
- LN(1) LN(2) LN(2.7182818)
- --------- --------- -------------
- 0 .69314718 .99999999
- 25.LOG(n1,n2)
- 返回一个以n1为底n2的对数
- SQL> select log(2,1),log(2,4) from dual;
- LOG(2,1) LOG(2,4)
- --------- ---------
- 0 2
- 26.MOD(n1,n2)
- 返回一个n1除以n2的余数
- SQL> select mod(10,3),mod(3,3),mod(2,3) from dual;
- MOD(10,3) MOD(3,3) MOD(2,3)
- --------- --------- ---------
- 1 0 2
- 27.POWER
- 返回n1的n2次方根
- SQL> select power(2,10),power(3,3) from dual;
- POWER(2,10) POWER(3,3)
- ----------- ----------
- 1024 27
- 28.ROUND和TRUNC
- 按照指定的精度进行舍入
- SQL> select round(55.5),round(-55.4),trunc(55.5),trunc(-55.5) from dual;
- ROUND(55.5) ROUND(-55.4) TRUNC(55.5) TRUNC(-55.5)
- ----------- ------------ ----------- ------------
- 56 -55 55 -55
- 29.SIGN
- 取数字n的符号,大于0返回1,小于0返回-1,等于0返回0
- SQL> select sign(123),sign(-100),sign(0) from dual;
- SIGN(123) SIGN(-100) SIGN(0)
- --------- ---------- ---------
- 1 -1 0
- 30.SIN
- 返回一个数字的正弦值
- SQL> select sin(1.57079) from dual;
- SIN(1.57079)
- ------------
- 1
- • 31.SIGH
- 返回双曲正弦的值
- SQL> select sin(20),sinh(20) from dual;
- SIN(20) SINH(20)
- --------- ---------
- .91294525 242582598
- 32.SQRT
- 返回数字n的根
- SQL> select sqrt(64),sqrt(10) from dual;
- SQRT(64) SQRT(10)
- --------- ---------
- 8 3.1622777
- 33.TAN
- 返回数字的正切值
- SQL> select tan(20),tan(10) from dual;
- TAN(20) TAN(10)
- --------- ---------
- 2.2371609 .64836083
- 34.TANH
- 返回数字n的双曲正切值
- SQL> select tanh(20),tan(20) from dual;
- TANH(20) TAN(20)
- --------- ---------
- 1 2.2371609
- 35.TRUNC
- 按照指定的精度截取一个数
- SQL> select trunc(124.1666,-2) trunc1,trunc(124.16666,2) from dual;
- TRUNC1 TRUNC(124.16666,2)
- --------- ------------------
- 100 124.16
- 36.ADD_MONTHS
- 增加或减去月份
- SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date(199912,yyyymm),2),yyyymm) from dual;
- TO_CHA
- ------
- 200002
- SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date(199912,yyyymm),-2),yyyymm) from dual;
- TO_CHA
- ------
- 199910
- 37.LAST_DAY
- 返回日期的最后一天
- SQL> select to_char(sysdate,yyyy.mm.dd),to_char((sysdate)+1,yyyy.mm.dd) from dual;
- TO_CHAR(SY TO_CHAR((S
- ---------- ----------
- 2004.05.09 2004.05.10
- SQL> select last_day(sysdate) from dual;
- LAST_DAY(S
- ----------
- 31-5月 -04
- 38.MONTHS_BETWEEN(date2,date1)
- 给出date2-date1的月份
- SQL> select months_between(19-12月-1999,19-3月-1999) mon_between from dual;
- MON_BETWEEN
- -----------
- 9
- SQL>selectmonths_between(to_date(2000.05.20,yyyy.mm.dd),to_date(2005.05.20,yyyy.mm.dd)) mon_betw from dual;
- MON_BETW
- ---------
- -60
- 39.NEW_TIME(date,this,that)
- 给出在this时区=other时区的日期和时间
- SQL> select to_char(sysdate,yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss) bj_time,to_char(new_time
- 2 (sysdate,PDT,GMT),yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss) los_angles from dual;
- BJ_TIME LOS_ANGLES
- ------------------- -------------------
- 2004.05.09 11:05:32 2004.05.09 18:05:32
- 40.NEXT_DAY(date,day)
- 给出日期date和星期x之后计算下一个星期的日期
- SQL> select next_day('18-5月-2001','星期五') next_day from dual;
- NEXT_DAY
- ----------
- 25-5月 -01
- 41.SYSDATE
- 用来得到系统的当前日期
- SQL> select to_char(sysdate,dd-mm-yyyy day) from dual;
- TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,
- -----------------
- 09-05-2004 星期日
- trunc(date,fmt)按照给出的要求将日期截断,如果fmt=mi表示保留分,截断秒
- SQL> select to_char(trunc(sysdate,hh),yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss) hh,
- 2 to_char(trunc(sysdate,mi),yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss) hhmm from dual;
- HH HHMM
- ------------------- -------------------
- 2004.05.09 11:00:00 2004.05.09 11:17:00
- 42.CHARTOROWID
- 将字符数据类型转换为ROWID类型
- SQL> select rowid,rowidtochar(rowid),ename from scott.emp;
- ROWID ROWIDTOCHAR(ROWID) ENAME
- ------------------ ------------------ ----------
- AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA SMITH
- AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB ALLEN
- AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC WARD
- AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD JONES
- 43.CONVERT(c,dset,sset)
- 将源字符串 sset从一个语言字符集转换到另一个目的dset字符集
- SQL> select convert(strutz,we8hp,f7dec) "conversion" from dual;
- conver
- ------
- strutz
- 44.HEXTORAW
- 将一个十六进制构成的字符串转换为二进制
- 45.RAWTOHEXT
- 将一个二进制构成的字符串转换为十六进制
- 46.ROWIDTOCHAR
- 将ROWID数据类型转换为字符类型
- 47.TO_CHAR(date,format)
- SQL> select to_char(sysdate,yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss) from dual;
- TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,YY
- -------------------
- 2004/05/09 21:14:41
- • 48.TO_DATE(string,format)
- 将字符串转化为ORACLE中的一个日期
- 49.TO_MULTI_BYTE
- 将字符串中的单字节字符转化为多字节字符
- SQL> select to_multi_byte(高) from dual;
- TO
- --
- 高
- 50.TO_NUMBER
- 将给出的字符转换为数字
- SQL> select to_number(1999) year from dual;
- YEAR
- ---------
- 1999
返回一个数字反余弦值
SQL> select cosh(20) from dual;
COSH(20)
---------
242582598
22.EXP
返回一个数字e的n次方根
SQL> select exp(2),exp(1) from dual;
EXP(2) EXP(1)
--------- ---------
7.3890561 2.7182818
23.FLOOR
对给定的数字取整数
SQL> select floor(2345.67) from dual;
FLOOR(2345.67)
--------------
2345
24.LN
返回一个数字的对数值
SQL> select ln(1),ln(2),ln(2.7182818) from dual;
LN(1) LN(2) LN(2.7182818)
--------- --------- -------------
0 .69314718 .99999999
25.LOG(n1,n2)
返回一个以n1为底n2的对数
SQL> select log(2,1),log(2,4) from dual;
LOG(2,1) LOG(2,4)
--------- ---------
0 2
26.MOD(n1,n2)
返回一个n1除以n2的余数
SQL> select mod(10,3),mod(3,3),mod(2,3) from dual;
MOD(10,3) MOD(3,3) MOD(2,3)
--------- --------- ---------
1 0 2
27.POWER
返回n1的n2次方根
SQL> select power(2,10),power(3,3) from dual;
POWER(2,10) POWER(3,3)
----------- ----------
1024 27
28.ROUND和TRUNC
按照指定的精度进行舍入
SQL> select round(55.5),round(-55.4),trunc(55.5),trunc(-55.5) from dual;
ROUND(55.5) ROUND(-55.4) TRUNC(55.5) TRUNC(-55.5)
----------- ------------ ----------- ------------
56 -55 55 -55
29.SIGN
取数字n的符号,大于0返回1,小于0返回-1,等于0返回0
SQL> select sign(123),sign(-100),sign(0) from dual;
SIGN(123) SIGN(-100) SIGN(0)
--------- ---------- ---------
1 -1 0
30.SIN
返回一个数字的正弦值
SQL> select sin(1.57079) from dual;
SIN(1.57079)
------------
1
• 31.SIGH
返回双曲正弦的值
SQL> select sin(20),sinh(20) from dual;
SIN(20) SINH(20)
--------- ---------
.91294525 242582598
32.SQRT
返回数字n的根
SQL> select sqrt(64),sqrt(10) from dual;
SQRT(64) SQRT(10)
--------- ---------
8 3.1622777
33.TAN
返回数字的正切值
SQL> select tan(20),tan(10) from dual;
TAN(20) TAN(10)
--------- ---------
2.2371609 .64836083
34.TANH
返回数字n的双曲正切值
SQL> select tanh(20),tan(20) from dual;
TANH(20) TAN(20)
--------- ---------
1 2.2371609
35.TRUNC
按照指定的精度截取一个数
SQL> select trunc(124.1666,-2) trunc1,trunc(124.16666,2) from dual;
TRUNC1 TRUNC(124.16666,2)
--------- ------------------
100 124.16
36.ADD_MONTHS
增加或减去月份
SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date(199912,yyyymm),2),yyyymm) from dual;
TO_CHA
------
200002
SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date(199912,yyyymm),-2),yyyymm) from dual;
TO_CHA
------
199910
37.LAST_DAY
返回日期的最后一天
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,yyyy.mm.dd),to_char((sysdate)+1,yyyy.mm.dd) from dual;
TO_CHAR(SY TO_CHAR((S
---------- ----------
2004.05.09 2004.05.10
SQL> select last_day(sysdate) from dual;
LAST_DAY(S
----------
31-5月 -04
38.MONTHS_BETWEEN(date2,date1)
给出date2-date1的月份
SQL> select months_between(19-12月-1999,19-3月-1999) mon_between from dual;
MON_BETWEEN
-----------
9
SQL>selectmonths_between(to_date(2000.05.20,yyyy.mm.dd),to_date(2005.05.20,yyyy.mm.dd)) mon_betw from dual;
MON_BETW
---------
-60
39.NEW_TIME(date,this,that)
给出在this时区=other时区的日期和时间
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss) bj_time,to_char(new_time
2 (sysdate,PDT,GMT),yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss) los_angles from dual;
BJ_TIME LOS_ANGLES
------------------- -------------------
2004.05.09 11:05:32 2004.05.09 18:05:32
40.NEXT_DAY(date,day)
给出日期date和星期x之后计算下一个星期的日期
SQL> select next_day('18-5月-2001','星期五') next_day from dual;
NEXT_DAY
----------
25-5月 -01
41.SYSDATE
用来得到系统的当前日期
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,dd-mm-yyyy day) from dual;
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,
-----------------
09-05-2004 星期日
trunc(date,fmt)按照给出的要求将日期截断,如果fmt=mi表示保留分,截断秒
SQL> select to_char(trunc(sysdate,hh),yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss) hh,
2 to_char(trunc(sysdate,mi),yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss) hhmm from dual;
HH HHMM
------------------- -------------------
2004.05.09 11:00:00 2004.05.09 11:17:00
42.CHARTOROWID
将字符数据类型转换为ROWID类型
SQL> select rowid,rowidtochar(rowid),ename from scott.emp;
ROWID ROWIDTOCHAR(ROWID) ENAME
------------------ ------------------ ----------
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA SMITH
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB ALLEN
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC WARD
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD JONES
43.CONVERT(c,dset,sset)
将源字符串 sset从一个语言字符集转换到另一个目的dset字符集
SQL> select convert(strutz,we8hp,f7dec) "conversion" from dual;
conver
------
strutz
44.HEXTORAW
将一个十六进制构成的字符串转换为二进制
45.RAWTOHEXT
将一个二进制构成的字符串转换为十六进制
46.ROWIDTOCHAR
将ROWID数据类型转换为字符类型
47.TO_CHAR(date,format)
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss) from dual;
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,YY
-------------------
2004/05/09 21:14:41
• 48.TO_DATE(string,format)
将字符串转化为ORACLE中的一个日期
49.TO_MULTI_BYTE
将字符串中的单字节字符转化为多字节字符
SQL> select to_multi_byte(高) from dual;
TO
--
高
50.TO_NUMBER
将给出的字符转换为数字
SQL> select to_number(1999) year from dual;
YEAR
---------
1999
51.BFILENAME(dir,file)
- 指定一个外部二进制文件
- SQL>insert into file_tb1 values(bfilename(lob_dir1,image1.gif));
- 52.CONVERT(x,desc,source)
- 将x字段或变量的源source转换为desc
- SQL> select sid,serial#,username,decode(command,
- 2 0,none,
- 3 2,insert,
- 4 3,
- 5 select,
- 6 6,update,
- 7 7,delete,
- 8 8,drop,
- 9 other) cmd from v$session where type!=background;
- SID SERIAL# USERNAME CMD
- --------- --------- ------------------------------ ------
- 1 1 none
- 2 1 none
- 3 1 none
- 4 1 none
- 5 1 none
- 6 1 none
- 7 1275 none
- 8 1275 none
- 9 20 GAO select
- 10 40 GAO none
- 53.DUMP(s,fmt,start,length)
- DUMP函数以fmt指定的内部数字格式返回一个VARCHAR2类型的值
- SQL> col global_name for a30
- SQL> col dump_string for a50
- SQL> set lin 200
- SQL> select global_name,dump(global_name,1017,8,5) dump_string from global_name;
- GLOBAL_NAME DUMP_STRING
- ------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------
- ORACLE.WORLD Typ=1 Len=12 CharacterSet=ZHS16GBK: W,O,R,L,D
- 54.EMPTY_BLOB()和EMPTY_CLOB()
- 这两个函数都是用来对大数据类型字段进行初始化操作的函数
- 55.GREATEST
- 返回一组表达式中的最大值,即比较字符的编码大小.
- SQL> select greatest(AA,AB,AC) from dual;
- GR
- --
- AC
- SQL> select greatest(啊,安,天) from dual;
- GR
- --
- 天
- 56.LEAST
- 返回一组表达式中的最小值
- SQL> select least(啊,安,天) from dual;
- LE
- --
- 啊
- 57.UID
- 返回标识当前用户的唯一整数
- SQL> show user
- USER 为"GAO"
- SQL> select username,user_id from dba_users where user_id=uid;
- USERNAME USER_ID
- ------------------------------ ---------
- GAO 25
- 58.USER
- 返回当前用户的名字
- SQL> select user from dual;
- USER
- ------------------------------
- GAO
- 59.USEREVN
- 返回当前用户环境的信息,opt可以是:
- ENTRYID,SESSIONID,TERMINAL,ISDBA,LABLE,LANGUAGE,CLIENT_INFO,LANG,VSIZE
- ISDBA 查看当前用户是否是DBA如果是则返回true
- SQL> select userenv(isdba) from dual;
- USEREN
- ------
- FALSE
- SQL> select userenv(isdba) from dual;
- USEREN
- ------
- TRUE
- SESSION
- 返回会话标志
- SQL> select userenv(sessionid) from dual;
- USERENV(SESSIONID)
- --------------------
- 152
- ENTRYID
- 返回会话人口标志
- SQL> select userenv(entryid) from dual;
- USERENV(ENTRYID)
- ------------------
- 0
- INSTANCE
- 返回当前INSTANCE的标志
- SQL> select userenv(instance) from dual;
- USERENV(INSTANCE)
- -------------------
- 1
- LANGUAGE
- 返回当前环境变量
- SQL> select userenv(language) from dual;
- USERENV(LANGUAGE)
- ----------------------------------------------------
- SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK
- LANG
- 返回当前环境的语言的缩写
- SQL> select userenv(lang) from dual;
- USERENV(LANG)
- ----------------------------------------------------
- ZHS
- TERMINAL
- 返回用户的终端或机器的标志
- SQL> select userenv(terminal) from dual;
- USERENV(TERMINA
- ----------------
- GAO
- VSIZE(X)
- 返回X的大小(字节)数
- SQL> select vsize(user),user from dual;
- VSIZE(USER) USER
- ----------- ------------------------------
- 6 SYSTEM
- • 60.AVG(DISTINCT|ALL)
- all表示对所有的值求平均值,distinct只对不同的值求平均值
- SQLWKS> create table table3(xm varchar(8),sal number(7,2));
- 语句已处理。
- SQLWKS> insert into table3 values(gao,1111.11);
- SQLWKS> insert into table3 values(gao,1111.11);
- SQLWKS> insert into table3 values(zhu,5555.55);
- SQLWKS> commit;
- SQL> select avg(distinct sal) from gao.table3;
- AVG(DISTINCTSAL)
- ----------------
- 3333.33
- SQL> select avg(all sal) from gao.table3;
- AVG(ALLSAL)
- -----------
- 2592.59
- 61.MAX(DISTINCT|ALL)
- 求最大值,ALL表示对所有的值求最大值,DISTINCT表示对不同的值求最大值,相同的只取一次
- SQL> select max(distinct sal) from scott.emp;
- MAX(DISTINCTSAL)
- ----------------
- 5000
- 62.MIN(DISTINCT|ALL)
- 求最小值,ALL表示对所有的值求最小值,DISTINCT表示对不同的值求最小值,相同的只取一次
- SQL> select min(all sal) from gao.table3;
- MIN(ALLSAL)
- -----------
- 1111.11
- 63.STDDEV(distinct|all)
- 求标准差,ALL表示对所有的值求标准差,DISTINCT表示只对不同的值求标准差
- SQL> select stddev(sal) from scott.emp;
- STDDEV(SAL)
- -----------
- 1182.5032
- SQL> select stddev(distinct sal) from scott.emp;
- STDDEV(DISTINCTSAL)
- -------------------
- 1229.951
- 64.VARIANCE(DISTINCT|ALL)
- 求协方差
- SQL> select variance(sal) from scott.emp;
- VARIANCE(SAL)
- -------------
- 1398313.9
- 65.GROUP BY
- 主要用来对一组数进行统计
- SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno;
- DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL)
- --------- --------- ---------
- 10 3 8750
- 20 5 10875
- 30 6 9400
- 66.HAVING
- 对分组统计再加限制条件
- SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno having count(*)>=5;
- DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL)
- --------- --------- ---------
- 20 5 10875
- 30 6 9400
- SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp having count(*)>=5 group by deptno ;
- DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL)
- --------- --------- ---------
- 20 5 10875
- 30 6 9400
- 67.ORDER BY
- 用于对查询到的结果进行排序输出
- SQL> select deptno,ename,sal from scott.emp order by deptno,sal desc;
- DEPTNO ENAME SAL
- --------- ---------- ---------
- 10 KING 5000
- 10 CLARK 2450
- 10 MILLER 1300
- 20 SCOTT 3000
- 20 FORD 3000
- 20 JONES 2975
- 20 ADAMS 1100
- 20 SMITH 800
- 30 BLAKE 2850
- 30 ALLEN 1600
- 30 TURNER 1500
- 30 WARD 1250
- 30 MARTIN 1250
- 30 JAMES 950
- 68. pl/sql中的case语句
- select (case when DUMMY='X' then 0 else 1 end) as flag from dual;
- case的第1种用法:
- case col when 'a' then 1
- when 'b' then 2
- else 0 end
- 这种用法跟decode一样没什么区别
- case的第2种用法:
- case when score <60 then 'd'
- when score >=60 and score <70 then 'c'
- when score >=70 and score <80 then 'b'
- else 'a' end
- 69.NVL(expr1, expr2)
- NVL(expr1, expr2)->expr1为NULL,返回expr2;不为NULL,返回expr1。注意两者的类型要一致
- NVL2 (expr1, expr2, expr3) ->expr1不为NULL,返回expr2;为NULL,返回expr3。expr2和expr3类型不同的话,expr3会转换为expr2的类型
- NULLIF (expr1, expr2) ->相等返回NULL,不等返回expr1
- • Oracle分析函数参考手册
- =============================================
- 作者: xsb([url]http://xsb.itpub.net)[/url]
- 发表于:2006.03.01 12:22
- 分类: DW&BI
- 出处:http://xsb.itpub.net/post/419/33028
- ---------------------------------------------------------------
- Oracle从8.1.6开始提供分析函数,分析函数用于计算基于组的某种聚合值,它和聚合函数的不同之处是对于每个组返回多行,
- 而聚合函数对于每个组只返回一行。
- 常用的分析函数如下所列:
- row_number() over(partition by ... order by ...)
- rank() over(partition by ... order by ...)
- dense_rank() over(partition by ... order by ...)
- count() over(partition by ... order by ...)
- max() over(partition by ... order by ...)
- min() over(partition by ... order by ...)
- sum() over(partition by ... order by ...)
- avg() over(partition by ... order by ...)
- first_value() over(partition by ... order by ...)
- last_value() over(partition by ... order by ...)
- lag() over(partition by ... order by ...)
- lead() over(partition by ... order by ...)
- 下面例子中使用的表来自Oracle自带的HR用户下的表,如果没有安装该用户,可以在SYS用户下运行
- $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/human_resources/hr_main.sql来创建。
- 除本文内容外,你还可参考:
- ROLLUP与CUBE [url]http://xsb.itpub.net/post/419/29159[/url]
- 分析函数使用例子介绍:[url]http://xsb.itpub.net/post/419/44634[/url]
- 本文如果未指明,缺省是在HR用户下运行例子。
- 开窗函数的的理解:
- 开窗函数指定了分析函数工作的数据窗口大小,这个数据窗口大小可能会随着行的变化而变化,举例如下:
- over(order by salary) 按照salary排序进行累计,order by是个默认的开窗函数
- over(partition by deptno)按照部门分区
- over(order by salary range between 50 preceding and 150 following)
- 每行对应的数据窗口是之前行幅度值不超过50,之后行幅度值不超过150
- over(order by salary rows between 50 preceding and 150 following)
- 每行对应的数据窗口是之前50行,之后150行
- over(order by salary rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following)
- 每行对应的数据窗口是从第一行到最后一行,等效:
- over(order by salary range between unbounded preceding and unbounded following)