1
|
account:password:UID:GID:GECOS:directory:shell
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
|
[root@Server3 ~]
# cat /etc/shells
/bin/sh
/bin/bash
/sbin/nologin
/bin/tcsh
/bin/csh
[root@Server3 ~]
# chsh -l
/bin/sh
/bin/bash
/sbin/nologin
/bin/tcsh
/bin/csh
[root@Server3 ~]
#
|
1
|
login name:encrypted password:
date
of last password change:minimum password age:maximum password age:password warning period:password inactivity period:account expiration
date
:reserved field
|
1
2
3
|
[root@Server3 tmp]
# grep 'frame' /etc/shadow
frame:$6$raWrlosK$jwlpWIiYAfMLOreKEXsMwvbwieNsG.vGl72KYf.stzQCQwMDayhtCTl
/B
.Apjn
/UlyLBTZcbvmjNOL1vhqMTd0
:16247:0:99999:7:::
[root@Server3 tmp]
#
|
1
|
$
id
$salt$encrypted
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
ID | Method
---------------------------------------------------------
1 | MD5
2a | Blowfish (not
in
mainline glibc; added
in
some
| Linux distributions)
5 | SHA-256 (since glibc 2.7)
6 | SHA-512 (since glibc 2.7)
|
1
2
3
4
|
encrypted的长度:
MD5 | 22 characters
SHA-256 | 43 characters
SHA-512 | 86 characters
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
[root@Server3 tmp]
# md5sum issue
bbee69205bff2d11233b02a8f80ba4fd issue
[root@Server3 tmp]
# echo a >> issue
[root@Server3 tmp]
# md5sum issue
f80ac7948edb06fa27b1a0ddbe09d3af issue
[root@Server3 tmp]
#
说明:当往issue文件中增加一个字符a时,重新计算其特征码时,所产生的结果差别很大,这个也就是单向加密的一个特征,称为雪崩效应。初始结果的微小改变可以引起结果的巨大差异。
|
1
|
group_name:
passwd
:GID:user_list
|
1
|
daemon:x:2:bin,daemon
|
1
|
group name:encrypted password:administrators:members
|
1
|
mail:::mail,postfix
|