再读《The C Programming Language》 第一章 1.9 字符数组

1.9 字符数组

描述需求：读取一堆文本行，然后把最长的那句打印出来。

技术实现：书中写的非常好，用大白话把程序实现的思路一一描述了出来。我就不啰嗦了！当然这时候，如果是读谭老师的书，应该教同学们画流程图了！这边书似乎没有教大家画流程图，流程图还是非常非常的有用！找个时间，我要好好学学。

帖程序：

#include <stdio.h>      /* 系统头文件 */
#include <stdlib.h>     /* 系统头文件 */

#define MAXLINE        1000      /* lower limit of temperature scale */

//  函数声明
int getline( char s[], int lim );
void copy( char from[], char to[] );


/* Print the longest input line */
int main()
{
    int len;                /* currunt line length */
    int max;                /* maximum length seen so far */
    char line[MAXLINE];     /* currunt input line */
    char longest[MAXLINE];  /* longest line saved here */

    max = 0;
    while ( ( len = getline( line, MAXLINE )) > 0 )
        if ( len > max )
        {
            max = len;
            copy( line, longest );
        }
    if ( max > 0 ) /* there was a line */
        printf( "%s", longest );

    system("PAUSE"); /* 系统暂停运行，可以方便看到显示结果 */
    return 0;
}

/* read a line into s, return length */
int getline( char s[], int lim )
{
    int c, i;

    for ( i = 0; i < lim - 1 && ( c = getchar() ) != EOF && c != '\n'; ++i )
        s[i] = c;

    if( c == '\n' )
    {
        s[i] = '\n';
        ++i;
    }
    s[i] = '\0';

    return i;
}

/* copy: copy 'from' to 'to'; assume to is big enough */
void copy( char from[], char to[] )
{
    int i = 0;
    while( (to[i] = from[i]) != '\0')
        ++i;
}

Exercise 1-16. Revise the main routine of the longest-line program so it will correctly print the length of arbitrary long input lines, and as much as possible of the text. 

解析：打印任意输入行的长度，这样理解对吧？

#include <stdio.h>      /* 系统头文件 */
#include <stdlib.h>     /* 系统头文件 */

#define MAXLINE        10000      /* lower limit of temperature scale */

//  函数声明
int getline( char s[], int lim );
void copy( char from[], char to[] );


/* Print the longest input line */
int main()
{
    int len;                /* currunt line length */
    int max;                /* maximum length seen so far */
    char line[MAXLINE];     /* currunt input line */
    char longest[MAXLINE];  /* longest line saved here */
    int nline;
    int nlen[MAXLINE] = {0};    /* Every line's length saved here */

    max = 0;
    nline = 0;
    while ( ( len = getline( line, MAXLINE )) > 0 )
    {
        if ( len > max )
        {
            max = len;
            copy( line, longest );
        }

        // added code
        nlen[nline] = len;
        ++nline;            //  start from 1
       
    }
       
    if ( max > 0 ) /* there was a line */
        printf( "%s", longest );

    while(nline > 0)
    {
        printf(" %4d line length is : %6d\n", nline, nlen[--nline] );
    }

    system("PAUSE"); /* 系统暂停运行，可以方便看到显示结果 */
    return 0;
}

/* read a line into s, return length */
int getline( char s[], int lim )
{
    int c, i;

    for ( i = 0; i < lim - 1 && ( c = getchar() ) != EOF && c != '\n'; ++i )
        s[i] = c;

    if( c == '\n' )
    {
        s[i] = '\n';
        ++i;
    }
    s[i] = '\0';

    return i;
}

/* copy: copy 'from' to 'to'; assume to is big enough */
void copy( char from[], char to[] )
{
    int i = 0;
    while( (to[i] = from[i]) != '\0')
        ++i;
}

Exercise 1-17. Write a program to print all input lines that are longer than 80 characters.

解析：我怎么知道会输入多少个80个字符以上的行呢？总不能建立N个longest[]的数组来保存80个以上字符吧，所以只要检测到输入行超过80个字符就把其打印出来，这个就简单了。

#include <stdio.h>      /* 系统头文件 */
#include <stdlib.h>     /* 系统头文件 */

#define MAXLINE         10000      /* lower limit of temperature scale */
#define MINLENS         80

//  函数声明
int getline( char s[], int lim );
void copy( char from[], char to[] );


/* Print the longest input line */
int main()
{
    int len;                /* currunt line length */
    char line[MAXLINE];     /* currunt input line */
    char longest[MAXLINE];  /* longest line saved here */


    while ( ( len = getline( line, MAXLINE )) > 0 )
    {
        if ( len > MINLENS )
        {
            copy( line, longest );
            printf("%s",longest );
        }
    }
       
    system("PAUSE"); /* 系统暂停运行，可以方便看到显示结果 */
    return 0;
}

/* read a line into s, return length */
int getline( char s[], int lim )
{
    int c, i;

    for ( i = 0; i < lim - 1 && ( c = getchar() ) != EOF && c != '\n'; ++i )
        s[i] = c;

    if( c == '\n' )
    {
        s[i] = '\n';
        ++i;
    }
    s[i] = '\0';

    return i;
}

/* copy: copy 'from' to 'to'; assume to is big enough */
void copy( char from[], char to[] )
{
    int i = 0;
    while( (to[i] = from[i]) != '\0')
        ++i;
}

Exercise 1-18. Write a program to remove trailing blanks and tabs from each line of input, and to delete entirely blank lines. 

解析：这个功能很实用，很多编辑器都有移除行尾空白和去空白行的功能；

#include <stdio.h>      /* 系统头文件 */
#include <stdlib.h>     /* 系统头文件 */

#define MAXLINE         10000      /* lower limit of temperature scale */
#define MINLENS         1

//  函数声明
int getline( char s[], int lim );
void copy( char from[], char to[] );


/* Print the longest input line */
int main()
{
    int len;                /* currunt line length */
    char line[MAXLINE];     /* currunt input line */
    char longest[MAXLINE];  /* longest line saved here */


    while ( ( len = getline( line, MAXLINE )) > 0 )
    {
        if ( len > MINLENS )
        {
            for( ; line[len-2] == ' ' || line[len-2] == '\t'; --len )
                ;
           
            line[len+1] = '\n';
            line[len+2] = '\0';
            copy( line, longest );
            printf("%s",longest );
           
        }
    }
       
    system("PAUSE"); /* 系统暂停运行，可以方便看到显示结果 */
    return 0;
}

/* read a line into s, return length */
int getline( char s[], int lim )
{
    int c, i;

    for ( i = 0; i < lim - 1 && ( c = getchar() ) != EOF && c != '\n'; ++i )
        s[i] = c;

    if( c == '\n' )
    {
        s[i] = '\n';
        ++i;
    }
    s[i] = '\0';

    return i;
}

/* copy: copy 'from' to 'to'; assume to is big enough */
void copy( char from[], char to[] )
{
    int i = 0;
    while( (to[i] = from[i]) != '\0')
        ++i;
}

Exercise 1-19. Write a function reverse(s) that reverses the character string s. Use it to write a program that reverses its input a line at a time. 

解析：反转，这个比较简单，似乎要用到一个算法，比如除去'\n' 有偶数个字符，举例len = 7,即有6个可用字符，即s[0],s[1],s[2],s[3],s[4],s[5];把s[0],和s[5]互换，换几次呢？(len-1)/2 = 3,就可以了， 如果len = 8,有7个字符，(len-1)/3 = 3;还是等于3 ！这个第一节温度转换的例子已经解释过了哈。 s[0],s[1],s[2],s[3],s[4],s[5],s[7]; s[0]和s[7]互换，s[3]就不动啦！贴代码了。

#include <stdio.h>      /* 系统头文件 */
#include <stdlib.h>     /* 系统头文件 */

#define MAXLINE         10000      /* lower limit of temperature scale */
#define MINLENS         1

//  函数声明
int getline( char s[], int lim );


/* Print the longest input line */
int main()
{
    int len;                /* currunt line length */
    char line[MAXLINE];     /* currunt input line */ 
    int i, temp;


    while ( ( len = getline( line, MAXLINE )) > 0 )
    {
        if ( len > MINLENS )
        {
           for (i = 0; i < (len - 1) / 2; i++)
           {
                temp             = line[i];
                line[i]          = line[len - 1 - i];
                line[len -1 - i] = temp;
           }
           printf("%s", line);
            
        }
    }
        
    system("PAUSE"); /* 系统暂停运行，可以方便看到显示结果 */
    return 0;
}

/* read a line into s, return length */
int getline( char s[], int lim )
{
    int c, i;

    for ( i = 0; i < lim - 1 && ( c = getchar() ) != EOF && c != '\n'; ++i )
        s[i] = c;

    if( c == '\n' )
    {
        s[i] = '\n';
        ++i;
    }
    s[i] = '\0';

    return i;
}

这节完了，知道什么是字符数组吗？呵呵，似乎不知道。但知道了如何去操作数组，如何去用，如何去处理；这就是国内和国外写书的区别，国内大部分写书，不管三七二十一，先把概念定义（所谓的规矩）给摆下！一副权威的样子~我们似乎要走的路还很长~

【本节完】