软件测试中常用的SQL语句

查询语句

语法格式：

SELECT

    [ALL | DISTINCT | DISTINCTROW ]

      [HIGH_PRIORITY]

      [STRAIGHT_JOIN]

      [SQL_SMALL_RESULT] [SQL_BIG_RESULT] [SQL_

      [SQL_CACHE | SQL_NO_CACHE] [SQL_CALC_FOUN

    select_expr [, select_expr ...]

    [FROM table_references

    [WHERE where_condition]

    [GROUP BY {col_name | expr | position}

      [ASC | DESC], ... [WITH ROLLUP]]

    [HAVING where_condition]

    [ORDER BY {col_name | expr | position}

      [ASC | DESC], ...]

    [LIMIT {[offset,] row_count | row_count OFF

    [PROCEDURE procedure_name(argument_list)]

    [INTO OUTFILE 'file_name' export_options

      | INTO DUMPFILE 'file_name'

      | INTO var_name [, var_name]]

[FOR UPDATE | LOCK IN SHARE MODE]]

常用举例

--查询member表中所有的会员记录

SELECT * FROM member;

其中“*”号表示显示符合条件的记录的所有字段

在数据库中存储类型为文本的字段查询

--查询member表中姓名叫张三的会员

SELECT * FROM member WHERE name = '张三';

--查询member表中所有姓张的会员

SELECT * FROM member WHERE name like ‘张%’;

其中“%”表示任意字符都符合条件。即只有满足姓名中第1个字符是“张”就满足查询条件

--查询member表中所有名字包含“三”的会员

SELECT * FROM member WHERE name like ‘%三%’;

由于“三”字前后都含有百分号“%”，这就表示“三”字前面和“三”字后面不管是任何字符都满足查询条件，即使“三”字前后没有字符也符合条件

在数据库中年龄存储为数字类型的字段查询

--查询member表中年龄等于18的会员

SELECT * FROM member WHERE age = 18;

--查询member表中年龄大于等于18的会员

SELECT * FROM member WHERE age >= 18;

--查询member表中年龄在18和30之间的会员包含18岁和30岁

SELECT * FROM member WHERE age >=18 AND age <=30;

--查询member表中年龄在18和30之间的会员不包含18岁和30岁

SELECT * FROM member WHERE age >18 AND age <30;

在数据库中存储为日期类型字段查询

--查询member表中在2009-11-30注册的会员

SELECT * FROM member WHERE reg_date = “2009-11-30”;

其中reg_date是表中注册日期字段。由于不同数据库中查询语句有时稍有区别。以上使用语句在MYSQL数据库中可以运行。但要想在Oracle数据库中使用就得稍加修改，如下：

SELECT * FROM member WHERE reg_date = to_date(“2009-11-30”,”YYYY-MM-DD”);

下面的SQL语句适用IBM的DB2数据库：

SELECT * FROM member WHERE reg_date = date(“2009-11-30”);

“YYYY-MM-DD”表示日期格式为（年-月-日）

--查询member表中2009-11-01到2009-11-30之间注册的会员

SELECT * FROM member WHERE reg_date BETWEEN “2009-11-01” AND “2009-11-30”;

适用于Oracle数据库的查询语句：

SELECT * FROM member WHERE reg_date BETWEEN to_date(“2009-11-01”,”YYYY-MM-DD”) AND to_date(“2009-11-30”, ”YYYY-MM-DD”);

适用于IBM DB2数据库的语句：

SELECT * FROM member WHERE reg_date BETWEEN date(“2009-11-01”) AND date(“2009-11-30”);

 

新增记录语句

语法格式：

INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE]

    [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,...)]

    {VALUES | VALUE} ({expr | DEFAULT},...),(...),...

    [ ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE

      col_name=expr

        [, col_name=expr] ... ]

常用举例

INSERT member(name,age，reg_date) values(‘张三’,20,’2009-11-30’);

更新记录语句

语法格式：

UPDATE [LOW_PRIORITY] [IGNORE] table_reference

    SET col_name1={expr1|DEFAULT} [, col_name2={expr2|DEFAULT}] ...

    [WHERE where_condition]

    [ORDER BY ...]

[LIMIT row_count]

常用举例

--更新姓名为张三的会员年龄为19岁

UPDATE member SET age = 19 WHERE name = ‘张三’;

删除记录语句

语法格式：

DELETE [LOW_PRIORITY] [QUICK] [IGNORE] FROM tbl_name

    [WHERE where_condition]

    [ORDER BY ...]

[LIMIT row_count]

常用举例

--删除姓名为李四的会员记录

DELETE FROM member WHERE name = ‘李四’;