Installation Guide 10g Release 2 (10.2) for Linux x86
Logging In to the System as root
1) xhost fully_qualified_remote_host_name
设置图形界面是否启动连接限制:xhost + IP
以我的电脑为例 xhost + 10.11.98.156,表示允许10.11.98.156的客户端可以通过图形工具连接到服务器上。
Xhost – 表示启动连接限制。
Checking the Hardware Requirements
1) 至少1024M物理内存 grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
2) Swap space space要求如下 grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
RAM | SWAP SPACE |
1024M~2048M | 1.5 times the size of RAM |
2048M~8192M | Equal the size of RAM |
8192M~more | 0.75 times the size of RAM |
3) /tmp 大于400M df –k /tmp
4) 1.5G~3.5的空间安装oracle数据库软件
5) 1.2G的空间用来存放数据库preconfig的文件
6) 确认系统架构是否符合oracle软件
grep “model name” /proc/cpuinfo
Checking the Software Requirements
1) 操作系统版本:
■ Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS/ES 3.0 (Update 4 or later)
■ Red Hat Linux 4.0
■ SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9.0 with SP 2 or later
■ Asianux 1.0
■ Asianux 2.0
2) Kernel version:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0 and Asianux 1.0:2.4.21-27.EL
Note: This is the default kernel version.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0 and Asianux 2.0:2.6.9-5.EL
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9.0:2.6.5-7.201
3) Packages:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0 and Asianux 1.0:
make-3.79.1
gcc-3.2.3-34
glibc-2.3.2-95.20
compat-db-4.0.14-5
compat-gcc-7.3-2.96.128
compat-gcc-c++-7.3-2.96.128
compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.128
compat-libstdc++-devel-7.3-2.96.128
openmotif21-2.1.30-8
setarch-1.3-1
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0 and Asianux 2.0:
binutils-2.15.92.0.2-13.EL4
compat-db-4.1.25-9
compat-libstdc++-296-2.96-132.7.2
control-center-2.8.0-12
gcc-3.4.3-22.1.EL4
gcc-c++-3.4.3-22.1.EL44
glibc-2.3.4-2.9
glibc-common-2.3.4-2.9
gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1
libstdc++-3.4.3-22.1
libstdc++-devel-3.4.3-22.1
make-3.80-5
pdksh-5.2.14-30
sysstat-5.0.5-1
xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.2
setarch-1.6-1
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9:
binutils-2.15.90.0.1.1-32.5
gcc-3.3.3-43.24
gcc-c++-3.3.3-43.24
glibc-2.3.3-98.28
gnome-libs-1.4.1.7-671.1
libstdc++-3.3.3-43.24
libstdc++-devel-3.3.3-43.24
make-3.80-184.1
pdksh-5.2.14-780.1
sysstat-5.0.1-35.1
xscreensaver-4.16-2.6
4) 验证内核是否符合要求
uname –r
5) 验证是否存在软件包
rpm –qa|grep packagename
Checking the Network Setup
主要是查看hostname,domainname,是否使用DHCP和DNS
查看/etc/hosts文件如下
192.168.100.16 myhost.us.mycompany.com myhost
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain
Creating Required Operating System Groups and Users
1) /user/sbin/groupadd oinstall
2) /user/sbin/groupadd dba
3) /user/sbin/groupadd oper
4) /user/sbin/useradd –g oinstall –G dba oracle
5) id nobody
/user/sbin/useradd nobody
Configuring Kernel Parameters
查看内核参数是否符合下面的信息(大于或者等于)
Prameter | Value | File |
semmsl semmns semopm semmni | 250 32000 100 128 | /proc/sys/kernel/sem |
shmall | 2097152 | /proc/sys/kernel/shmall |
shmmax | Half the size of physical memory (in bytes) | /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax |
shmmni | 4096 | /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni |
file-max | 65536 | /proc/sys/fs/file-max |
ip_local_port_range | Minimum:1024 Maximum: 65000 | /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range |
rmem_default | 1048576 | /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default |
rmem_max | 1048576 | /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max |
wmem_default | 262144 | /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default |
wmem_max | 262144 | /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max |
1) 通过使用/sbin/sysctl –a |grep Prameter来确认系统当中的内核参数
2) 编辑/etc/sysctl.conf文件,在后面添加
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 1048576
net.core.rmem_max = 1048576
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
通过/sbin/sysctl –p启用参数
3) 编辑/etc/security/limits.conf文件,在后面添加
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
4) 编辑/etc/pam.d/login文件,在后面添加:
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
5) 编辑oracle用户的默认shell,编辑/etc/profile文件,添加:
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
Identifying Required Software Directories
1) 遵循OFA(optimal flexible architecture)的原则
设置ORACLE_BASE为/mount_point/app/oracle_sw_owner
mount_point is the mount point directory for the file system that will contain the
Oracle software.
The examples in this guide use /u01 for the mount point directory. However, you
could choose another mount point directory, such as /oracle or /opt/oracle.
oracle_sw_owner is the operating system user name of the Oracle software
owner, for example oracle.
2) 设置ORACLE_HOME目录为oracle_base/product/10.2.0/db_1
3) 如果只包含oracle_base目录则要空间至少为3G,如果oracle_base目录当中还包括数据文件,则至少为4G空间。
# mkdir -p /mount_point/app/oracle_sw_owner
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /mount_point/app/oracle_sw_owner
# chmod -R 775 /mount_point/app/oracle_sw_owner
实例:mkdir –p /u01/app/oracle
chown –R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle oracle
chmod –R 775 /u01/app/oracle
Identifying or Creating an Oracle Base Directory
Choosing a Storage Option for Oracle Database and Recovery Files
空间至少为2G
Creating Directories for Oracle Database or Recovery Files
Preparing Disk Groups for an Automatic Storage Management Installation
1) 安装ASM library driver software
Ø 查看系统的内核参数 uname –rm
Ø 访问http://www.oracle.com/technology/tech/linux/asmlib/index.html
Ø 下载相应的ASM补丁
oracleasm-support-version.arch.rpm
oracleasm-kernel-version.arch.rpm
oracleasmlib-version.arch.rpm
rpm –ivh XXX安装好系统补丁
2) /etc/init.d/oracleasm configure添加相应用户名信息和是否驱动开机启动
3) 设置ASM磁盘
Ø /sbin/fdisk –l
Ø /sbin/fdisk diskpath设置磁盘分区
Ø # /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DISK1 /dev/sdb1添加ASM磁盘
Configuring Raw Partitions or Raw Logical Volumes
1) 确认磁盘是否已经绑定为裸设备
/usr/bin/raw –qa
2) 编辑/etc/sysconfig/rawdevices文件进行裸设备绑定
实例:/dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sdb1
3) 设置裸设备的所有者和权限
# chown oracle:dba /dev/raw/rawn
# chmod 660 /dev/raw/rawn
4) 启动rawdevices服务进行裸设备的绑定工作:
# /sbin/service rawdevices restart
Stopping Existing Oracle Processes
Configuring the oracle User’s Environment
编辑~/.bash_profile文件,设置用户的环境变量,主要包括TMP,TMPDIR,ORACLE_BASE,ORACLE_HOME,NLS_LANG,UMASK
实例(仅供参考,好多参数不完整):
export PATH
unset USERNAME
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle;
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm;
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
export CRS_HOME=/oracle/product/crs
export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/product/database
export ORA_NLS33=$ORACLE_HOME/ocommon/nls_admin/data
export PATH=$CRS_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_SID=linux02