结论:
在分布式系统中,每个数据库必须有一个全局数据库名称,在一个系统中,全局数据库名称唯一标识了一个数据库。
1、全局数据库名称
全局数据库名称是由两部分组成:数据库名称和域名组成,数据库名称和域名取决于创建数据库时的初始化参数db_name 、db_domain
Componet | parameter | requirement | example |
数据库名 | db_name | 必须是少于等于8个字符 | sal |
域名 | db_domain | 必须符合国际惯例,从根到叶子,从左到右并且用。来隔开 | db.test.com |
合法的全局数据库名:
DB_NAME | DB_DOMAIN | Global Database Name |
---|---|---|
sales | example.com | sales.example.com |
sales | us.example.com | sales.us.example.com |
mktg | us.example.com | mktg.us.example.com |
payroll | example.org | payroll.example.org |
数据库的全局名称是存在数据字典中,只有用alter database 来改变global name 而不是改变初始化参数db_domain来改变global name
2、确定全局数据库名称是否是强制的
The name that you give to a link on the local database depends on whether the remote database that you want to access enforces global naming. If the remote database enforces global naming, then you must use the remote database global database name as the name of the link.
如果本地数据库的gloal_name=true,那么你必须使用远端数据库的global_name 作为link的名称
你也可以用服务名作为link name的一部分,如果你用有服务名sn1,sn2去连接数据库hq.example.com,hq强制使用全局数据库名称,你可以创建连接名称
-
HQ.EXAMPLE.COM@SN1
HQ.EXAMPLE.COM@SN2
如果
SQL> select name,value From v$parameter where name='global_names';
NAME VALUE
-------------------- --------------------
global_names TRUE
3、当没有修改db_domain之前查看
下面我们来验证一下 global name 和 db_domain的关系
SQL> select name,value from v$parameter where name='global_names';
NAME VALUE
---------- ----------
global_names FALSE
SQL> select *From global_name;
GLOBAL_NAME
--------------------------------
ORA11G
SQL> select name,value From v$parameter where name='db_domain';
NAME VALUE
---------- ----------
db_domain
SQL> alter database rename global_name to ora11g.zjs.test.com;
数据库已更改。
SQL> select *From global_name;
GLOBAL_NAME
---------------------------------------------------------------
ORA11G.ZJS.TEST.COM
SQL> select name,value From v$parameter where name='db_domain';
NAME VALUE
---------- ----------
db_domain
结论:修改global_name 不会影响db_domain
4、修改domain
当 global_names =FALSE
SQL> select name,value From v$parameter where name='db_domain';
NAME VALUE
---------- ----------
db_domain
SQL> alter system set db_domain='zjs.test.com' scope=spfile;
系统已更改。
SQL> shut immediate
数据库已经关闭。
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
SQL> startup
SQL> select name,value From v$parameter where name='db_domain';
NAME VALUE
---------- --------------------
db_domain zjs.test.com
SQL> show parameter name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------------------------
db_file_name_convert string
db_name string ora11g
db_unique_name string ora11g
global_names boolean FALSE
instance_name string ora11g
lock_name_space string
log_file_name_convert string
service_names string ora11g.zjs.test.com
结论:修改了 db_domain 后,service_name 会变成 :数据库名+domain
SQL> alter database rename global_name to dbm.com;
数据库已更改。
SQL> select *From global_name;
GLOBAL_NAME
---------------------------------------------------------------
DBM.COM
SQL> alter database rename global_name to dbm;
数据库已更改。
SQL> select *From global_name;
GLOBAL_NAME
---------------------------------------------------------------
DBM.COM
SQL> alter database rename global_name to db;
数据库已更改。
SQL> select *From global_name;
GLOBAL_NAME
---------------------------------------------------------------
DB.COM
SQL> CREATE DATABASE LINK link2.aaa.db.com CONNECT TO scott IDENTIFIED BY tiger USING 'p8.222';
SQL> select *From dba_db_links;
OWNER DB_LINK USERNAME HOST CREATED
------------------------------ -------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------- --------------
PUBLIC LINK2.COM SCOTT p8.222 30-5月 -13
SQL> show parameter db_domain
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- --------------
db_domain string zjs.test.com
说明修改global name 不受db_domain 的影响,如果在修改global name时,不加域名,那么globalname只会受前一个global_name的域名的影响
修改全局数据库名为带domain时,系统会改为指定名称的全局数据库名,并且修改global name不影响db_domain,db_domain只会受初始化参数的影响。
SQL> alter database rename global_name to leaf.dba.up.com;
数据库已更改。
SQL> select *From global_name;
GLOBAL_NAME
-----------------------------------------------------------
LEAF.DBA.UP.COM
SQL> show parameter domain
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- -----------------------
db_domain string zjs.test.com
创建的dblink 名称名字如果不指定域名,自动会为dblink增加本地的global name
SQL> CREATE DATABASE LINK link1 CONNECT TO scott IDENTIFIED BY tiger USING 'p8.222';
SQL> select *From dba_db_links;
OWNER DB_LINK USERNAME HOST CREATED
------------------------------ -------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------- ------------
SYS LINK1.DBA.UP.COM SCOTT p8.222 30-5月 -13
创建dblink的名称如果指定域名,就按指定的域名创建
SQL> CREATE DATABASE LINK link2.aaa.db.com CONNECT TO scott IDENTIFIED BY tiger USING 'p8.222';
SQL> select *From dba_db_links;
OWNER DB_LINK USERNAME HOST CREATED
------------------------------ -------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------- --------------
SYS LINK2.AAA.DB.COM SCOTT p8.222 30-5月 -13
SYS LINK1.DBA.UP.COM SCOTT p8.222 30-5月 -13
PUBLIC LINK2.COM SCOTT p8.222 30-5月 -13
修改 global_names =true
本地ora10g数据库global_name=false,远端rac数据库的global_name=true时
删除上面所有的dblink连接,本地的数据库名称为ora10g,修改本地数据的global_name为ora10g,新建一个link
SQL> select * from global_name;
GLOBAL_NAME
----------
ORA10G
SQL> create public database link tt connect to scott identified by "tiger" using 'ora11g';
Database link created.
SQL> select * from scott.emp@tt; 可以查出数据
查看远端的数据库:远端数据库的名称是rac
SQL> alter system set global_names=true ;
System altered.
SQL> show parameter global_names
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
global_names booleanTRUE
SQL> select * from global_name;
GLOBAL_NAME
---------------------------------
RAC
修改本地ora10g数据库global_name=true,远端rac数据库的global_name=false时
SQL> select * from scott.emp@tt;
select * from scott.emp@tt
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02085: database link TT connects to RAC
结论:设置本地的ora10g数据库的global_name=true,远端rac数据库的global_name=false时,ora10g数据库连接到rac数据库,之前创建的dblink,可以看到报错了
新建dblink
SQL> create public database link ora11g connect to scott identified by "tiger" using 'ora11g';
Database link created.
SQL> select * from scott.emp@ora11g;
select * from scott.emp@ora11g
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02085: database link ORA11G connects to RAC
结论:设置本地的ora10g数据库的global_name=true,远端rac数据库的global_name=false时,ora10g连接到rac数据库的dblink随意指定l名称时,查询会报错
SQL> create public database link ora10g connect to scott identified by "tiger" using 'ora11g';
create public database link ora10g connect to scott identified by "tiger" using 'ora11g'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02082: a loopback database link must have a connection qualifier
结论:设置本地的ora10g数据库的global_name=true,远端rac数据库的global_name=false时,ora10g连接到rac数据库的dblink指定为本地的global_name 名称时,创建报错
SQL> create public database link rac connect to scott identified by "tiger" using 'ora11g';
Database link created.
SQL> select * from scott.emp@rac;
结论:设置本地的ora10g数据库的global_name=true,远端rac数据库的global_name=false时,ora10g连接到rac数据库dblink必须和远端数据库的global_name名称一样,这样查询可以出数据
如果远端rac数据库的global_name 改名
SQL> alter database rename global_name to rac_test;
Database altered.
SQL> select * from global_name;
GLOBAL_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RAC_TEST
SQL> create public database link rac_test connect to scott identified by "tiger" using 'ora11g'
Database link created.
SQL> select * from scott.emp@rac_test; 可以查出数据
SQL> select * from scott.emp@rac; 可以查出数据,但是数据库重启后,就查不出数据了
SQL> shut immediate
SQL> startup
SQL> select * from scott.emp@rac;
select * from scott.emp@rac
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02085: database link RAC connects to RAC_TEST
结论:设置本地的ora10g数据库的global_name=true,远端rac数据库的global_name=false时,ora10g 连接远端rac数据库dblink必须和远端的global_name 一样,否则dblink查询不到数据
修改本地ora10g数据库global_name=true,远端rac数据库的global_name=true时
SQL> alter system set global_names=true;
之前创建的连接中,只有
SQL> select * from scott.emp@rac_test; 可以查出数据
另外,gloal_name=true时,如果在rac环境下,你想对每个实例都创建一个dblink,那么也是可以的 ,link name为远端数据库的 “global_name@服务名称”就可以了,其实@后面的字符是可以任意取的,为了区分每个节点的link名称,可以取为节点的服务名称。
SQL> create public database link rac_test@ora10g connect to scott identified by "tiger" using 'ora11g';
Database link created.
SQL> select * from scott.emp@rac_test@ora10g;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100 20
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.