Winform应用程序实现通用遮罩层二

之前先后发表过：《Winform应用程序实现通用遮罩层》、《Winform应用程序实现通用消息窗口》，这两款遮罩层其实都是基于弹出窗口的，今天为大家分享一个比较简单但界面相对友好的另一种实现方案，废话不多说，直接进入主题。

一、实现思路（解决问题顺序）：

透明遮罩：

1.实现可设置透明的Panel控件（MaskPanel）；

2.Panel控件（MaskPanel）能够覆盖父容器（一般是当前窗体form对象）客户区区域（即：与父容器客户区区域大小相同），并处于最上层，保证父容器上的任何控件都被盖住并保证不可用；

3.Panel控件（MaskPanel）必需实现随着父容器大小的改变而改变；

4.Panel控件（MaskPanel）上可呈现以表示正在加载的动图或者文字，并且居中；

异步：

实现的方法有很多，比如异步委托、Task等，而这是在winform项目中，此次就直接使用BackgroundWorker

二、关键解决方案：

1.可设置透明控件：通过自定义控件，并重写CreateParams（其中： cp.ExStyle |= 0x00000020;）、OnPaint（其中：labelBorderPen、labelBackColorBrush的Color=Color.FromArgb(_alpha, this.BackColor)）两个方法即可；

2.能够覆盖父容器客户区区域：this.Size = this.Parent.ClientSize;this.Left = 0;this.Top = 0;

3.随着父容器大小的改变而改变：this.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Left | AnchorStyles.Top | AnchorStyles.Right | AnchorStyles.Bottom;

4.呈现以表示正在加载的动图或者文字，并且居中：

添加PictureBox，设置Image为loading.gif动图，SizeMode = System.Windows.Forms.PictureBoxSizeMode.AutoSize; Point Location = new Point(this.Location.X + (this.Width - pictureBox_Loading.Width) / 2, this.Location.Y + (this.Height - pictureBox_Loading.Height) / 2);//居中

好了，最后贴出实现的源代码：

MaskPanel：

    public partial class MaskPanel : Control
    {
        private System.ComponentModel.Container components = new System.ComponentModel.Container();

        private bool _isTransparent = true;//是否透明
        [Category("透明"), Description("是否使用透明,默认为True")]
        public bool IsTransparent
        {
            get { return _isTransparent; }
            set { _isTransparent = value; }
        }

        private int _alpha = 125;//设置透明度
        [Category("透明"), Description("设置透明度")]
        public int Alpha
        {
            get { return _alpha; }
            set { _alpha = value; }
        }


        public MaskPanel(Control parent)
            : this(parent, 125)
        {

        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 初始化加载控件
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="Alpha"透明度</param>
        public MaskPanel(Control parent, int alpha)
        {
            SetStyle(ControlStyles.Opaque, true);//设置背景透明
            base.CreateControl();
            _alpha = alpha;
            parent.Controls.Add(this);
            this.Parent = parent;
            this.Size = this.Parent.ClientSize;
            this.Left = 0;
            this.Top = 0;
            this.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Left | AnchorStyles.Top | AnchorStyles.Right | AnchorStyles.Bottom;
            this.BringToFront();

            PictureBox pictureBox_Loading = new PictureBox();
            pictureBox_Loading.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
            pictureBox_Loading.Image = Properties.Resources.loading;
            pictureBox_Loading.Name = "pictureBox_Loading";
            pictureBox_Loading.SizeMode = System.Windows.Forms.PictureBoxSizeMode.AutoSize;
            Point Location = new Point(this.Location.X + (this.Width - pictureBox_Loading.Width) / 2, this.Location.Y + (this.Height - pictureBox_Loading.Height) / 2);//居中
            pictureBox_Loading.Location = Location;
            pictureBox_Loading.Anchor = AnchorStyles.None;
            this.Controls.Add(pictureBox_Loading);


            this.Visible = false;
        }

        protected override CreateParams CreateParams
        {
            get
            {
                CreateParams cp = base.CreateParams;
                cp.ExStyle |= 0x00000020; // 开启 WS_EX_TRANSPARENT,使控件支持透明
                return cp;
            }
        }

        protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs pe)
        {
            Pen labelBorderPen;
            SolidBrush labelBackColorBrush;
            if (_isTransparent)
            {
                Color cl = Color.FromArgb(_alpha, this.BackColor);
                labelBorderPen = new Pen(cl, 0);
                labelBackColorBrush = new SolidBrush(cl);
            }
            else
            {
                labelBorderPen = new Pen(this.BackColor, 0);
                labelBackColorBrush = new SolidBrush(this.BackColor);
            }
            base.OnPaint(pe);
            pe.Graphics.DrawRectangle(labelBorderPen, 0, 0, this.Width, this.Height);
            pe.Graphics.FillRectangle(labelBackColorBrush, 0, 0, this.Width, this.Height);
        }

        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if (disposing)
            {
                if (!((components == null)))
                {
                    components.Dispose();
                }
            }
            base.Dispose(disposing);
        }

    }

 为了实现通用，同时保证所有的窗体都有异步执行并显示遮罩效果，故此处采用定义一个窗体基类：FormBase，里面定义一个受保护的DoWorkAsync方法， 代码如下：

    public partial class FormBase : Form
    {
        public FormBase()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            this.StartPosition = FormStartPosition.CenterParent;
        }



        /// <summary>
        /// 多线程异步后台处理某些耗时的数据，不会卡死界面
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="workFunc">Func委托，包装耗时处理（不含UI界面处理），示例：(o)=>{ 具体耗时逻辑; return 处理的结果数据 }</param>
        /// <param name="funcArg">Func委托参数，用于跨线程传递给耗时处理逻辑所需要的对象，示例：String对象、JObject对象或DataTable等任何一个值</param>
        /// <param name="workCompleted">Action委托，包装耗时处理完成后，下步操作（一般是更新界面的数据或UI控件），示列：(r)=>{ datagirdview1.DataSource=r; }</param>
        protected void DoWorkAsync(Func<object, object> workFunc, object funcArg = null, Action<object> workCompleted = null)
        {
            var bgWorkder = new BackgroundWorker();


            //Form loadingForm = null;
            Control loadingPan = null;
            bgWorkder.WorkerReportsProgress = true;
            bgWorkder.ProgressChanged += (s, arg) =>
            {
                if (arg.ProgressPercentage > 1) return;

                #region Panel模式

                var result = this.Controls.Find("loadingPan", true);
                if (result == null || result.Length <= 0)
                {
                    loadingPan = new MaskPanel(this)
                    {
                        Name = "loadingPan"
                    };
                }
                else
                {
                    loadingPan = result[0];
                }

                loadingPan.BringToFront();
                loadingPan.Visible = true;

                #endregion
            };

            bgWorkder.RunWorkerCompleted += (s, arg) =>
            {

                #region Panel模式

                if (loadingPan != null)
                {
                    loadingPan.Visible = false;
                }

                #endregion

                bgWorkder.Dispose();

                if (workCompleted != null)
                {
                    workCompleted(arg.Result);
                }
            };

            bgWorkder.DoWork += (s, arg) =>
            {
                bgWorkder.ReportProgress(1);
                var result = workFunc(arg.Argument);
                arg.Result = result;
                bgWorkder.ReportProgress(100);
            };

            bgWorkder.RunWorkerAsync(funcArg);
        }


    }

使用示例如下：

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            int startNo = 20;
            button1.Enabled = false;
            this.DoWorkAsync((o) => //耗时逻辑处理(此处不能操作UI控件，因为是在异步中)
            {
                int result = 0;
                for (int i = 1; i <= Convert.ToInt32(o); i++)
                {
                    result += i;
                    Thread.Sleep(500);
                }
                return result;

            }, startNo, (r) => //显示结果（此处用于对上面结果的处理，比如显示到界面上）
            {
                label1.Text = r.ToString();
                button1.Enabled = true;
            });



        }

效果图就不贴出来了，大家可以COPY上面的所有代码，即可测试出效果。