Python异常编码处理

Python异常编码处理

1.主动触发异常

• raise

  raise TypeError
  raise TypeError('Error Message')    #添加错误提示

• assert

  a = 1
  assert a > 0
  assert a > 0,"a must lg 0"    #添加错误提示

2.处理特定异常

• try/except

  try:
    int('hello')
  except ValueError:
    print('invaild value')
  
  try:
    int('hello')
  except ValueError as e:
    print(e)

3.处理多个异常

• 用元组包含多种异常

  try:  
    file = open('test.txt', 'r')
  except (IOError, EOFError) as e:  
    print "error occurred:", e

• 多个except语句

  try:  
    file = open('test.txt', 'r')
  except (IOError, EOFError) as e:  
    print "error occurred:", e

• 捕获所有异常

  try:  
    3 / 0
  except:  
    print "error occurred"

• 使用Exception捕获异常

  try:  
    "123" / 2
  except Exception as e:  
    print e.message

4.else/finally语句

#异常没有触发时执行else后的代码
try:
    f=open('123.txt','w')
    f.write({'name':'ming'})
except Exception as e:
    print('Error:'e)
else:
    f.write({'age':18})
    f.close()
    print('file has closed')
#不管有没有触发异常,都会执行finally后的代码
try:
    f=open('123.txt','w')
    print(f.write({'name':'ming'}))
except Exception as e:
    print('Error:'e)
finally:
    f.close()
    print('file has closed')

5.自定义异常

当现存的异常类型没有自己想要的效果时,可以自己创建属于自己的异常类型

class RangeError(Exception):
    #添加错误提示
    def __str__(self):
        return repr('the value out of range')
def process(value):  
    if value < 0 or value > 10000:
        raise RangeError
    pass