HttpClient 基础

1. 基础

    HttpClient 是 Apache Jakarta Common 下的子项目，可以用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包，并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议。本文首先介绍 HTTPClient，然后根据作者实际工作经验给出了一些常见问题的解决方法。

    HTTP 协议可能是现在 Internet 上使用得最多、最重要的协议了，越来越多的 Java 应用程序需要直接通过 HTTP 协议来访问网络资源。

2. 简单使用

    第一步：创建 HttpClient

                 CloseableHttpClient   httpclient   =   null ;

          httpclient   =   HttpClients . createDefault ();     

    第二步：创建 HttpRequest

                 HttpRequestBase httpRequest =  null ;

 
 
			
  
  if(mType == 
  
  1){
 
 
 
 
				
  
  // GET
 
 
 
 

  
  				httpRequest = 
  
  new HttpGet(uri); 
 
 
 
 

  
  			}
  
  else{
 
 
 
 
				
  
  // POST
 
 
 
 

  
  				httpRequest = 
  
  new HttpPost(uri);
 
 
 
 

  
  			}
 
 

    第三步：执行 HttpRequest，获取 Response

                 response   =   httpclient . execute ( httpRequest );

    第四步：解析 Response，包括请求的状态以及请求回来的结果

                 public   static   String   wrapResponse ( HttpResponse   response ){

 
 

  
  		String result = 
  
  "";
 
 
 
 
		
  
  if(response != 
  
  null){
 
 
 
 

  
  			HttpEntity entity = response.
  
  getEntity();
 
 
 
 

  
  			InputStream is = 
  
  null;
 
 
 
 

  
  			BufferedReader reader = 
  
  null;
 
 
 
 
			
  
  try{
 
 
 
 

  
  				is =  entity.
  
  getContent();
 
 
 
 

  
  				reader = 
  
  new BufferedReader(
  
  new InputStreamReader(is,
  
  "utf-8"));
 
 
 
 

  
  				String line = reader.
  
  readLine();
 
 
 
 
				
  
  while(line != 
  
  null){
 
 
 
 

  
  					result = result+line;
 
 
 
 

  
  					line = reader.
  
  readLine();
 
 
 
 

  
  				}
 
 
 
 

  
  			}
  
  catch(Exception e){
 
 
 
 

  
  				e.
  
  printStackTrace();
 
 
 
 

  
  			}
  
  finally{
 
 
 
 
				
  
  try {
 
 
 
 
					
  
  if(is != 
  
  null){
 
 
 
 

  
  						is.
  
  close();
 
 
 
 

  
  					}
 
 
 
 
					
  
  if(reader != 
  
  null){
 
 
 
 

  
  							reader.
  
  close();
 
 
 
 

  
  					}
 
 
 
 

  
  				} 
  
  catch (IOException e) {
 
 
 
 

  
  					e.
  
  printStackTrace();
 
 
 
 

  
  				}
 
 
 
 

  
  			}
 
 
 
 

  
  		}
 
 
 
 
		
  
  return result;
 
 
 
 

  
  	}
 
 

    第五步：关闭HttpClient 和 Response

                 try  {

if (response !=  null ){

     response. close ();

    }

if (httpclient !=  null ){

     httpclient. close ();

    }

   }  catch  (IOException e) {

    e. printStackTrace ();

   
   

    
    }
   
   

3. 使用proxy代理请求Https

  
  
    
   
   public 
   
   static 
   
   void 
   
   main(String[] args) 
   
   throws Exception {
  
  
  
  

   
           // 创建可信任的代理服务
  
  
  
  

   
           CredentialsProvider credsProvider = 
   
   new BasicCredentialsProvider();
  
  
  
  

   
           credsProvider.
   
   setCredentials(
  
  
  
  
                
   
   new 
   
   AuthScope(
   
   "代理服务ip", 
   
   8080),
  
  
  
  
                
   
   new 
   
   UsernamePasswordCredentials(
   
   "username", 
   
   "password"));
  
  
  
  

   
           // 通过代理服务定制化一个HttpClient对象
  
  
  
  

   
           CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.
   
   custom()
  
  
  
  

   
                   .
   
   setDefaultCredentialsProvider(credsProvider).
   
   build();
  
  
  
  
        
   
   try {
  
  
  
  
           
   
   // HttpHost target = new HttpHost("corporbank-simp.icbc.com.cn",443,"https");
  
  
  
  

   
               HttpHost proxy = 
   
   new HttpHost(
   
   "代理服务ip", 
   
   8080);
  
  
  
  

   
   

  
  
  
  

   
               RequestConfig config = RequestConfig.
   
   custom()
  
  
  
  

   
                   .
   
   setProxy(proxy)
  
  
  
  

   
                   .
   
   build();
  
  
  
  

   
               // 通过URL访问Https请求，不一定都要设置可信任的服务代理，只需直接访问即可
  
  
  
  

   
               String url =
   
   "https://corporbank-simp.icbc.com.cn/icbc/normalbank/index.jsp";
  
  
  
  

   
               HttpGet httpget = 
   
   new HttpGet(url);
  
  
  
  
            
  
  
  
  

   
               System.
   
   out.
   
   println(httpget.
   
   getRequestLine());
  
  
  
  

   
               httpget.
   
   setConfig(config);
  
  
  
  

   
   

  
  
  
  

   
               System.
   
   out.
   
   println(
   
   "Executing request " + httpget.
   
   getRequestLine());
  
  
  
  

   
   

  
  
  
  

   
               CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.
   
   execute(httpget);
  
  
  
  

   
               //
   
   CloseableHttpResponse
   
    
   
   response
   
    
   
   =
   
    
   
   httpclient
   
   .
   
   execute
   
   (target,
   
   httpget
   
   );
  
  
  
  

   
               // 解析Response的值
  
  
  
  

   
           } 
   
   finally {
  
  
  
  

   
               httpclient.
   
   close();
  
  
  
  

   
           }
  
  
  
  

   
       }