【C++复习向】三种操作文件的方法

最新推荐文章于 2023-08-03 17:11:34 发布

wtysos11

最新推荐文章于 2023-08-03 17:11:34 发布

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分类专栏：语言知识文章标签： cpp 文件

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/wtysos11/article/details/52737374

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如何在未知的文件中读取数据

如果是完全未知的话可以用getchar 等读取字符串的函数直接将数据由字符串形式保存后再进行转化。
如果是已知数据类型但未知数据长度可以用while(scanf("%d",&x)==1)或while(scanf("%d".&x)!=EOF) 这里的scanf()函数在成功对内存进行读写时会返回一个int型（应该是），大小为成功写入数据的个数。而EOF(end of file)则是文件结尾的一个特殊的字符。

用重定向读取文件

其实就是用freopen 函数来读取，该函数位于stdio.h中，C++下用cstdio
范例：

#include<cstdio>

freopen("in.txt","r",stdin);
freopen("out.txt","w",stdout);

int main(void)
{
    int x;
    scanf("%d",&x);
    printf("%d",x);
    return 0;
}

FILE *freopen( const char *restrict filename, const char *restrict mode,
FILE *restrict stream );
freopen的第一个参数是字符串形式的文件名，第二个是字符串形式的mode参数，第三个是文件形式的流名称。

File access mode string	Meaning	Explanation	Action if file already exists	Action if file does not exist
“r”	read	Open a file for reading	read from start	failure to open
“w”	write	Create a file for writing	destroy contents	create new
“a”	append	Append to a file	write to end	create new
“r+”	read extended	Open a file for read/write	read from start	error
“w+”	write extended	Create a file for read/write	destroy contents	create new
“a+”	append extended	Open a file for read/write	write to end	create new

File access mode flag “b” can optionally be specified to open a file in binary mode. This flag has effect only on Windows systems.
On the append file access modes, data is written to the end of the file regardless of the current position of the file position indicator.

File access mode flag “x” can optionally be appended to “w” or “w+” specifiers. This flag forces the function to fail if the file exists, instead of overwriting it.
1

//可以用ifdef来切换输入输出
#define LOCAL
#ifdef LOCAL
freopen("in.txt","r",stdin);
freopen("out.txt","w",stdout);
#endif

这样要切换文件输入输出时只要将#define LOCAL给注释掉就可以了

fin与fout函数

fin,fout函数同样定义于标准输入输出库(stdio.h)中，使用范例

#include<cstdio>
int main(void)
{
    FILE *fin,*fout;
    fin=fopen("in.txt","rb");
    fout=fopen("out.txt","wb");
    int x;
    fscanf(fin,"%d",&x);
    fprintf(fout,"%d",x);
    fclose(fin);
    fclose(fout);
    return 0;
}

fopen的第二个参数与freopen相同

文件流fstream

#include<fstream>
using namespace std;
ifstream fin("in.txt");
ofstream fout("out.txt");
int main(void)
{
    int a,b;
    fin>>a>>b;
    fout<<a+b<<"\n";
    return 0;
}