映射继承有两个功能:
从基类或接口配置继承映射配置
运行时多态映射
继承基类配置是opt-in
,您可以显式指定要从包含基本类型的配置继承的映射,也可以在包含IncludeBase
的派生类型配置中指定该映射::
CreateMap<BaseEntity, BaseDto>()
.Include<DerivedEntity, DerivedDto>()
.ForMember(dest => dest.SomeMember, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.OtherMember));
CreateMap<DerivedEntity, DerivedDto>();
或者
CreateMap<BaseEntity, BaseDto>()
.ForMember(dest => dest.SomeMember, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.OtherMember));
CreateMap<DerivedEntity, DerivedDto>()
.IncludeBase<BaseEntity, BaseDto>();
在上面的每种情况下,派生映射从基本映射配置继承自定义映射配置。
运行时多态性
示例:
public class Order { }
public class OnlineOrder : Order { }
public class MailOrder : Order { }
public class OrderDto { }
public class OnlineOrderDto : OrderDto { }
public class MailOrderDto : OrderDto { }
Mapper.Initialize(cfg => {
cfg.CreateMap<Order, OrderDto>()
.Include<OnlineOrder, OnlineOrderDto>()
.Include<MailOrder, MailOrderDto>();
cfg.CreateMap<OnlineOrder, OnlineOrderDto>();
cfg.CreateMap<MailOrder, MailOrderDto>();
});
//执行映射
var order = new OnlineOrder();
var mapped = Mapper.Map(order, order.GetType(), typeof(OrderDto));
Assert.IsType<OnlineOrderDto>(mapped);
你会注意到,因为映射对象是一个OnlineOrder
,AutoMapper
已经看到你有一个比OrderDto
更具体的OnlineOrder
映射,并自动选择它。
在派生类中指定继承
您可以从派生类中指定继承,而不是从基类中配置继承:
Mapper.Initialize(cfg => {
cfg.CreateMap<Order, OrderDto>()
.ForMember(o => o.Id, m => m.MapFrom(s => s.OrderId));
cfg.CreateMap<OnlineOrder, OnlineOrderDto>()
.IncludeBase<Order, OrderDto>();
cfg.CreateMap<MailOrder, MailOrderDto>()
.IncludeBase<Order, OrderDto>();
});
继承映射优先级
这引入了额外的复杂性,因为有多种方法可以映射属性。 这些来源的优先顺序如下
显式映射 (using .MapFrom())
继承的显式映射
忽略属性映射
约定映射(通过约定匹配的属性)
为了演示这个,让我们修改上面显示的类
//领域对象
public class Order { }
public class OnlineOrder : Order
{
public string Referrer { get; set; }
}
public class MailOrder : Order { }
//Dtos
public class OrderDto
{
public string Referrer { get; set; }
}
//映射
Mapper.Initialize(cfg => {
cfg.CreateMap<Order, OrderDto>()
.Include<OnlineOrder, OrderDto>()
.Include<MailOrder, OrderDto>()
.ForMember(o=>o.Referrer, m=>m.Ignore());
cfg.CreateMap<OnlineOrder, OrderDto>();
cfg.CreateMap<MailOrder, OrderDto>();
});
//执行映射
var order = new OnlineOrder { Referrer = "google" };
var mapped = Mapper.Map(order, order.GetType(), typeof(OrderDto));
Assert.Equals("google", mapped.Referrer);
请注意,在我们的映射配置中,我们忽略了Referrer
(因为它在Order基类中不存在)并且具有比约定映射更高的优先级,所以该属性不会被映射。
总的来说,这个特性应该使AutoMapper
能够使用继承的类更加自然。