设计模式学习--命令模式（Command Pattern）

设计模式学习--命令模式（Command Pattern）

2013年6月18日  设计模式学习记录

题外话：不知道同志们，怎么看待设计模式这个东西的，以小巫现在的水平，还不能把设计模式能运用到实际开发当中去，自己面向oo的设计思想还不够成熟，我知道设计模式是个好东西，只要能运用好就可以发挥很大的作用，但运用不好也会给项目带来麻烦，增加了复杂性。小巫觉得，刚学习设计模式的时候不应该有学完就能用上的思想，应该学习设计模式面对不同问题的思考模式，这才是最重要的，不同项目可能会用不同的方法去解决，不可能不变的，面对新的需求，一种方法解决不了，满足不了需求的时候，就应该选择新的方法，然而设计模式就是针对不同的情况，经过前人不断实践和总结出来的。这是小巫的见解，不知道同志们怎么看？

题外话说完，第6个设计模式：命令模式

什么是命令模式？

将请求封装成对象，这可以让你使用不同的请求，队列，或者日志请求来参数化其他对象，命令模式也可以支持撤销操作。

回顾面向对象设计原则：

• 封装变化
• 多用组合，少用继承
• 针对接口编程，不针对实现编程
• 为交互对象之间松耦合设计而努力
• 类应该对扩展开放，对修改关闭
• 依赖抽象，不要依赖具体类

命令模式要点：

• 命令模式将发出请求的对象和执行请求的对象解耦
• 在被解耦的两者之间是通过命令对象进行沟通的。命令对象封装了接受者和一个或一组动作。
• 调用者通过调用命令对象的execute()发出请求，这会使得接受者的动作被调用。
• 调用者可以接受命令当作参数，甚至在运行时动态地进行。
• 命令可以支持撤销，做法是实现一个undo()方法来回到execute()被执行前的状态。
• 宏命令是命令的一种简单的延伸，允许调用多个命令。宏方法也可以支持撤销。
• 实际操作时，很常见使用“聪明”命令对象，也就是直接实现了请求，而不是将工作委托给接收者。
• 命令也可以用来实现日志和事务系统。

命令模式实例：让硬件解脱！创建一组控制遥控器的API，让每个插槽都能控制一个或一组装置

这里有四种的命令模式：

1. simpleremote(简单使用命令模式）

2. remote（深入命令模式）

3. undo （加入撤销功能的命令模式）

4. party （使用宏命令的命令模式）

命令行模式包括以下对象：

------------------实例------------------

命令模式 餐厅

Command 订单

execute() orderUp()

Client 顾客

Invoker 女招待

Receiver 快餐厨师

setCommand() takeOrder()

下面只贴代码，不多进行解释，想看完整的命令模式，建议参考《Head First 设计模式》

1. simpleremote(简单使用命令模式）

第一个命令对象

实现命令接口

package simpleremote;

/**
 * 命令模式：命令接口
 * @author wwj
 * 2013/6/10
 */
public interface Command {
	public void execute();
}

实现一个打开电灯的命令

package simpleremote;

public class Light {

	public Light() {
	}

	public void on() {
		System.out.println("Light is on");
	}

	public void off() {
		System.out.println("Light is off");
	}
}

package simpleremote;

/**
 * 2013/6/10
 * @author wwj
 * 实现打开灯的命令
 */
public class LightOnCommand implements Command {
	Light light;
	
	public LightOnCommand(Light light) {
		this.light = light;
	}

	@Override
	public void execute() {
		light.on();
	}

}

实现一个打开车库门

package simpleremote;

public class GarageDoor {

	public GarageDoor() {
	}

	public void up() {
		System.out.println("Garage Door is Open");
	}

	public void down() {
		System.out.println("Garage Door is Closed");
	}

	public void stop() {
		System.out.println("Garage Door is Stopped");
	}

	public void lightOn() {
		System.out.println("Garage light is on");
	}

	public void lightOff() {
		System.out.println("Garage light is off");
	}
}

package simpleremote;

public class GarageDoorOpenCommand implements Command {
	GarageDoor garageDoor;
	
	public GarageDoorOpenCommand(GarageDoor garageDoor) {
		this.garageDoor = garageDoor;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void execute() {
		garageDoor.up();
	}

}

使用命令对象

package simpleremote;

public class SimpleRemoteControl {
	Command slot;
	public SimpleRemoteControl(){
	}
	
	public void setCommand(Command command) {
		slot = command;
	}
	
	public void buttonWasPressed(){
		slot.execute();
	}
}

遥控器使用的简单测试

package simpleremote;

/**
 * 2013/6/10
 * @author wwj
 * 命令模式的客户
 */
public class RemoteControlTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SimpleRemoteControl remote = new SimpleRemoteControl();
		Light light = new Light();	//请求的接受者
		GarageDoor garageDoor = new GarageDoor();
		//创建一个命令，然后将接收者传给它
		LightOnCommand lightOn = new LightOnCommand(light);
		GarageDoorOpenCommand garageOpen = new GarageDoorOpenCommand(garageDoor);
		//把命令传给调用者
		remote.setCommand(lightOn);
		//模拟按下按钮
		remote.buttonWasPressed();
		remote.setCommand(garageOpen);
		remote.buttonWasPressed();
	}
}

测试结果：

Light is on
Garage Door is Open

2. remote（深入命令模式）

将命令指定到插槽

实现遥控器

package remote;
/**
 * 2013/6/10
 * @author wwj
 *
 */
public class RemoteControl {
	Command[] onCommands;
	Command[] offCommands;
 
	public RemoteControl() {
		onCommands = new Command[7];
		offCommands = new Command[7];
 
		Command noCommand = new NoCommand();
		for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
			onCommands[i] = noCommand;
			offCommands[i] = noCommand;
		}
	}
  
	public void setCommand(int slot, Command onCommand, Command offCommand) {
		onCommands[slot] = onCommand;
		offCommands[slot] = offCommand;
	}
 
	public void onButtonWasPushed(int slot) {
		onCommands[slot].execute();
	}
 
	public void offButtonWasPushed(int slot) {
		offCommands[slot].execute();
	}
  
	public String toString() {
		StringBuffer stringBuff = new StringBuffer();
		stringBuff.append("\n------ Remote Control -------\n");
		for (int i = 0; i < onCommands.length; i++) {
			stringBuff.append("[slot " + i + "] " + onCommands[i].getClass().getName()
				+ "    " + offCommands[i].getClass().getName() + "\n");
		}
		return stringBuff.toString();
	}
}

实现命令

打开电灯

package remote;


public class LightOnCommad implements Command {
	Light light;
	
	
	public LightOnCommad(Light light) {
		this.light = light;
	}


	@Override
	public void execute() {
		light.on();
	}

}

关闭电灯

package remote;


public class LightOffCommad implements Command {
	Light light;
	
	
	public LightOffCommad(Light light) {
		this.light = light;
	}


	@Override
	public void execute() {
		light.off();
	}

}

音响

package remote;

/**
 * 
 * @author wwj
 * 音响
 */
public class Stereo {
	String location;

	public Stereo(String location) {
		this.location = location;
	}

	public void on() {
		System.out.println(location + " stereo is on");
	}

	public void off() {
		System.out.println(location + " stereo is off");
	}

	public void setCD() {
		System.out.println(location + " stereo is set for CD input");
	}

	public void setDVD() {
		System.out.println(location + " stereo is set for DVD input");
	}

	public void setRadio() {
		System.out.println(location + " stereo is set for Radio");
	}

	public void setVolume(int volume) {
		// code to set the volume
		// valid range: 1-11 (after all 11 is better than 10, right?)
		System.out.println(location + " Stereo volume set to " + volume);
	}
}

打开音响

package remote;


public class StereoOnWithCDCommand implements Command {
	Stereo stereo;
	
	public StereoOnWithCDCommand(Stereo stereo) {
		this.stereo = stereo;
	}


	@Override
	public void execute() {
		stereo.on();
		stereo.off();
		stereo.setVolume(11);
	}

}

关闭音响

package remote;

public class StereoOffCommand implements Command {
	Stereo stereo;
 
	public StereoOffCommand(Stereo stereo) {
		this.stereo = stereo;
	}
 
	public void execute() {
		stereo.off();
	}
}

风扇

package remote;

/**
 * 
 * @author wwj
 * 风扇
 */
public class CeilingFan {
	String location = "";
	int level;
	public static final int HIGH = 2;
	public static final int MEDIUM = 1;
	public static final int LOW = 0;
 
	public CeilingFan(String location) {
		this.location = location;
	}
  
	public void high() {
		// turns the ceiling fan on to high
		level = HIGH;
		System.out.println(location + " ceiling fan is on high");
 
	} 

	public void medium() {
		// turns the ceiling fan on to medium
		level = MEDIUM;
		System.out.println(location + " ceiling fan is on medium");
	}

	public void low() {
		// turns the ceiling fan on to low
		level = LOW;
		System.out.println(location + " ceiling fan is on low");
	}
 
	public void off() {
		// turns the ceiling fan off
		level = 0;
		System.out.println(location + " ceiling fan is off");
	}
 
	public int getSpeed() {
		return level;
	}
}

打开风扇

package remote;


public class CeilingFanOnCommand implements Command {
	CeilingFan ceilingFan;

	public CeilingFanOnCommand(CeilingFan ceilingFan) {
		this.ceilingFan = ceilingFan;
	}
	public void execute() {
		ceilingFan.high();
	}
}

关闭风扇

package remote;

public class CeilingFanOffCommand implements Command {
	CeilingFan ceilingFan;

	public CeilingFanOffCommand(CeilingFan ceilingFan) {
		this.ceilingFan = ceilingFan;
	}
	public void execute() {
		ceilingFan.off();
	}
}

打开车库门

package remote;

public class GarageDoorUpCommand implements Command {
	GarageDoor garageDoor;

	public GarageDoorUpCommand(GarageDoor garageDoor) {
		this.garageDoor = garageDoor;
	}

	public void execute() {
		garageDoor.up();
	}
}

关闭车库门

package remote;

public class GarageDoorDownCommand implements Command {
	GarageDoor garageDoor;

	public GarageDoorDownCommand(GarageDoor garageDoor) {
		this.garageDoor = garageDoor;
	}

	public void execute() {
		garageDoor.up();
	}
}

无命令

package remote;

public class NoCommand implements Command {

	@Override
	public void execute() {
	}

}

逐步测试遥控器

package remote;

/**
 * 2013/6/10
 * @author wwj
 * 逐步测试遥控器
 */
public class RemoteLoader {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		RemoteControl remoteControl = new RemoteControl();
		
		//所有的装置创建
		Light livingRoomLight = new Light("Living Room");
		Light kitchenLight = new Light("Kitchen");
		CeilingFan ceilingFan = new CeilingFan("Living Room");
		GarageDoor garageDoor = new GarageDoor("");
		Stereo stereo = new Stereo("Living Room");
		
		
		//所有的灯泡命令对象
		LightOnCommad livingRoomLightOn = new LightOnCommad(livingRoomLight);
		LightOffCommad livingRoomLightOff = new LightOffCommad(livingRoomLight);
		LightOnCommad kitchenLightOn = new LightOnCommad(kitchenLight);
		LightOffCommad kitchenLightOff = new LightOffCommad(kitchenLight);
		
		//创建吊扇的开与关命令
		CeilingFanOnCommand ceilingFanOn = new CeilingFanOnCommand(ceilingFan);
		CeilingFanOffCommand ceilingFanOff = new CeilingFanOffCommand(ceilingFan);
		
		//创建车库门的上与下命令
		GarageDoorUpCommand garageDoorUp = new GarageDoorUpCommand(garageDoor);
		GarageDoorDownCommand garageDoorDown = new GarageDoorDownCommand(garageDoor);
		
		//创建音响的开关命令
		StereoOnWithCDCommand stereoOnWithCD = new StereoOnWithCDCommand(stereo);
		StereoOffCommand stereoOff = new StereoOffCommand(stereo);
		
		
		remoteControl.setCommand(0, livingRoomLightOn, livingRoomLightOff);
		remoteControl.setCommand(1, kitchenLightOn, kitchenLightOff);
		remoteControl.setCommand(2, ceilingFanOn, ceilingFanOff);
		remoteControl.setCommand(3, stereoOnWithCD, stereoOff);
		//在这里，使用toString()方法，打印每个遥控器的插槽和它被指定的命令
		System.out.println(remoteControl);
		
		remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(0);
		remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(0);
		remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(1);
		remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(1);
		remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(2);
		remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(2);
		remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(3);
		remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(3);
		
	}
}

测试结果：

------ Remote Control -------
[slot 0] remote.LightOnCommad    remote.LightOffCommad
[slot 1] remote.LightOnCommad    remote.LightOffCommad
[slot 2] remote.CeilingFanOnCommand    remote.CeilingFanOffCommand
[slot 3] remote.StereoOnWithCDCommand    remote.StereoOffCommand
[slot 4] remote.NoCommand    remote.NoCommand
[slot 5] remote.NoCommand    remote.NoCommand
[slot 6] remote.NoCommand    remote.NoCommand


Living Room light is on
Living Room light is off
Kitchen light is on
Kitchen light is off
Living Room ceiling fan is on high
Living Room ceiling fan is off
Living Room stereo is on
Living Room stereo is off
Living Room Stereo volume set to 11
Living Room stereo is off

3. undo （加入撤销功能的命令模式）

使用状态实现撤销

风扇类

package undo;

public class CeilingFan {
	public static final int HIGH = 3;
	public static final int MEDIUM = 2;
	public static final int LOW = 1;
	public static final int OFF = 0;
	String location;
	int speed;
	
	public CeilingFan(String location) {
		this.location = location;
		speed = OFF;
	}
	
	
	public void high() {
		speed = HIGH;
		//设置高转速
	}
	
	public void medium() {
		speed = LOW;
		//设置中转速
	}
	
	public void low() {
		speed = LOW;
		//设置低转速
	}
	
	public void off() {
		speed = OFF;
		//关闭吊扇
	}
	
	public int getSpeed() {
		return speed;
	}
	
}

加入撤销到吊扇的命令类

高风速

package undo;


public class CeilingFanHighCommand implements Command {
	CeilingFan ceilingFan;
	int prevSpeed;
	
	
	public CeilingFanHighCommand(CeilingFan ceilingFan) {
		this.ceilingFan = ceilingFan;
	}


	@Override
	public void execute() {
		prevSpeed = ceilingFan.getSpeed();
		ceilingFan.high();
	}
	

	@Override
	public void undo() {
		if(prevSpeed == CeilingFan.HIGH) {
			ceilingFan.high();
		} else if(prevSpeed == CeilingFan.MEDIUM) {
			ceilingFan.medium();
		} else if(prevSpeed == CeilingFan.LOW) {
			ceilingFan.low();
		} else if(prevSpeed == CeilingFan.OFF) {
			ceilingFan.off();
		}
	}

}

中风速

package undo;

public class CeilingFanMediumCommand implements Command {
	CeilingFan ceilingFan;
	int prevSpeed;
  
	public CeilingFanMediumCommand(CeilingFan ceilingFan) {
		this.ceilingFan = ceilingFan;
	}
 
	public void execute() {
		prevSpeed = ceilingFan.getSpeed();
		ceilingFan.medium();
	}
 
	public void undo() {
		if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.HIGH) {
			ceilingFan.high();
		} else if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.MEDIUM) {
			ceilingFan.medium();
		} else if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.LOW) {
			ceilingFan.low();
		} else if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.OFF) {
			ceilingFan.off();
		}
	}
}

低风速

package undo;

public class CeilingFanLowCommand implements Command {
	CeilingFan ceilingFan;
	int prevSpeed;
  
	public CeilingFanLowCommand(CeilingFan ceilingFan) {
		this.ceilingFan = ceilingFan;
	}
 
	public void execute() {
		prevSpeed = ceilingFan.getSpeed();
		ceilingFan.low();
	}
 
	public void undo() {
		if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.HIGH) {
			ceilingFan.high();
		} else if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.MEDIUM) {
			ceilingFan.medium();
		} else if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.LOW) {
			ceilingFan.low();
		} else if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.OFF) {
			ceilingFan.off();
		}
	}
}

电灯类

package undo;

public class Light {
	String location;
	int level;

	public Light(String location) {
		this.location = location;
	}

	public void on() {
		level = 100;
		System.out.println("Light is on");
	}

	public void off() {
		level = 0;
		System.out.println("Light is off");
	}

	public void dim(int level) {
		this.level = level;
		if (level == 0) {
			off();
		}
		else {
			System.out.println("Light is dimmed to " + level + "%");
		}
	}

	public int getLevel() {
		return level;
	}
}

打开电灯

package undo;

public class LightOnCommand implements Command {
	Light light;
	
	public LightOnCommand(Light light) {
		this.light = light;
	}
	@Override
	public void execute() {
		light.on();
	}

	@Override
	public void undo() {
		light.off();
	}

}

关闭电灯

package undo;


public class LightOffCommad implements Command {
	Light light;
	
	
	public LightOffCommad(Light light) {
		this.light = light;
	}


	@Override
	public void execute() {
		light.off();
	}


	@Override
	public void undo() {
		light.on();
	}

}

无命令

package undo;

public class NoCommand implements Command {
	public void execute() { }
	public void undo() { }
}

遥控器类

package undo;

public class RemoteControlWithUndo {
	Command[] onCommands;
	Command[] offCommands;
	Command undoCommand;
	
	
	public RemoteControlWithUndo() {
		onCommands = new Command[7];
		offCommands = new Command[7];
		
		Command noCommand = new NoCommand();
		for(int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
			onCommands[i] = noCommand;
			offCommands[i] = noCommand;
		}
		undoCommand = noCommand;
	}
	
	public void setCommand(int slot, Command onCommand, Command offCommand) {
		onCommands[slot] = onCommand;
		offCommands[slot] = offCommand;
	}
	
	public void onButtonWasPushed(int slot) {
		onCommands[slot].execute();
		undoCommand = onCommands[slot];
	}
	
	public void offButtonWasPushed(int slot) {
		offCommands[slot].execute();
		undoCommand = offCommands[slot];
	}
	
	//当按下撤销按钮，我们调用uodoCommand实例变量的undo()方法，就可以倒转前一个命令
	public void undoButtonWasPushed() {
		undoCommand.undo();
	}
	
	public String toString() {
		StringBuffer stringBuff = new StringBuffer();
		stringBuff.append("\n------ Remote Control -------\n");
		for (int i = 0; i < onCommands.length; i++) {
			stringBuff.append("[slot " + i + "] " + onCommands[i].getClass().getName()
				+ "    " + offCommands[i].getClass().getName() + "\n");
		}
		stringBuff.append("[undo] " + undoCommand.getClass().getName() + "\n");
		return stringBuff.toString();
	}
	
}

可以开始测试了

package undo;

public class RemoteLoader {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		RemoteControlWithUndo remoteControl = new RemoteControlWithUndo();
		
		//第一组测试
		Light livingRoomLight = new Light("Living Room");
		
		LightOnCommand livingRoomLightOn = 
				new LightOnCommand(livingRoomLight);
		
		LightOffCommad livingRoomLightOff =
				new LightOffCommad(livingRoomLight);
		
		remoteControl.setCommand(0, livingRoomLightOn, livingRoomLightOff);
		
		remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(0);
		remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(0);
		System.out.println(remoteControl);
		remoteControl.undoButtonWasPushed();
		
		remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(0);
		remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(0);
		System.out.println(remoteControl);
		remoteControl.undoButtonWasPushed();
		
		//第二组测试
		CeilingFan ceilingFan = new CeilingFan("Living Room");
		
		CeilingFanMediumCommand ceilingFanMedium = 
			new CeilingFanMediumCommand(ceilingFan);
		CeilingFanHighCommand ceilingFanHigh = 
			new CeilingFanHighCommand(ceilingFan);
		CeilingFanOffCommand ceilingFanOff = 
			new CeilingFanOffCommand(ceilingFan);
		
		remoteControl.setCommand(0, ceilingFanMedium, ceilingFanOff);
		remoteControl.setCommand(0, ceilingFanHigh, ceilingFanOff);
		
		remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(0); //首先以中速开启风扇
		remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(0);//关闭
		System.out.println(remoteControl);
		remoteControl.undoButtonWasPushed();
		
		remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(1); //首先以中速开启风扇
		System.out.println(remoteControl);
		remoteControl.undoButtonWasPushed();
	}
}

测试结果：

Light is on
Light is off


------ Remote Control -------
[slot 0] undo.LightOnCommand    undo.LightOffCommad
[slot 1] undo.NoCommand    undo.NoCommand
[slot 2] undo.NoCommand    undo.NoCommand
[slot 3] undo.NoCommand    undo.NoCommand
[slot 4] undo.NoCommand    undo.NoCommand
[slot 5] undo.NoCommand    undo.NoCommand
[slot 6] undo.NoCommand    undo.NoCommand
[undo] undo.LightOffCommad


Light is on
Light is off
Light is on


------ Remote Control -------
[slot 0] undo.LightOnCommand    undo.LightOffCommad
[slot 1] undo.NoCommand    undo.NoCommand
[slot 2] undo.NoCommand    undo.NoCommand
[slot 3] undo.NoCommand    undo.NoCommand
[slot 4] undo.NoCommand    undo.NoCommand
[slot 5] undo.NoCommand    undo.NoCommand
[slot 6] undo.NoCommand    undo.NoCommand
[undo] undo.LightOnCommand


Light is off


------ Remote Control -------
[slot 0] undo.CeilingFanHighCommand    undo.CeilingFanOffCommand
[slot 1] undo.NoCommand    undo.NoCommand
[slot 2] undo.NoCommand    undo.NoCommand
[slot 3] undo.NoCommand    undo.NoCommand
[slot 4] undo.NoCommand    undo.NoCommand
[slot 5] undo.NoCommand    undo.NoCommand
[slot 6] undo.NoCommand    undo.NoCommand
[undo] undo.CeilingFanOffCommand



------ Remote Control -------
[slot 0] undo.CeilingFanHighCommand    undo.CeilingFanOffCommand
[slot 1] undo.NoCommand    undo.NoCommand
[slot 2] undo.NoCommand    undo.NoCommand
[slot 3] undo.NoCommand    undo.NoCommand
[slot 4] undo.NoCommand    undo.NoCommand
[slot 5] undo.NoCommand    undo.NoCommand
[slot 6] undo.NoCommand    undo.NoCommand
[undo] undo.NoCommand

4. party （使用宏命令的命令模式）

其他的类可以参考上面的

package party;

/***
 * 2013/6/11
 * @author wwj
 * 让每个遥控器都需具备“party模式”
 */
public class MacroCommand implements Command{
	Command[] commands;
	
	
	//在宏命令中，用命令数组存储一大堆命令
	public MacroCommand(Command[] commands) {
		this.commands = commands;
	}

	@Override
	public void execute() {
		for(int i = 0; i < commands.length; i++) {
			commands[i].execute();
		}
	}

	@Override
	public void undo() {
		for(int i = 0; i < commands.length; i++) {
			commands[i].undo();
		}
	}

}

package party;

public class RemoteLoader {

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		RemoteControl remoteControl = new RemoteControl();

		Light light = new Light("Living Room");
		TV tv = new TV("Living Room");
		Stereo stereo = new Stereo("Living Room");
		Hottub hottub = new Hottub();
 
		LightOnCommand lightOn = new LightOnCommand(light);
		StereoOnCommand stereoOn = new StereoOnCommand(stereo);
		TVOnCommand tvOn = new TVOnCommand(tv);
		HottubOnCommand hottubOn = new HottubOnCommand(hottub);
		LightOffCommand lightOff = new LightOffCommand(light);
		StereoOffCommand stereoOff = new StereoOffCommand(stereo);
		TVOffCommand tvOff = new TVOffCommand(tv);
		HottubOffCommand hottubOff = new HottubOffCommand(hottub);

		Command[] partyOn = { lightOn, stereoOn, tvOn, hottubOn};
		Command[] partyOff = { lightOff, stereoOff, tvOff, hottubOff};
  
		MacroCommand partyOnMacro = new MacroCommand(partyOn);
		MacroCommand partyOffMacro = new MacroCommand(partyOff);
 
		remoteControl.setCommand(0, partyOnMacro, partyOffMacro);
  
		System.out.println(remoteControl);
		System.out.println("--- Pushing Macro On---");
		remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(0);
		System.out.println("--- Pushing Macro Off---");
		remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(0);
	}
}

测试结果：

------ Remote Control -------
[slot 0] party.MacroCommand    party.MacroCommand
[slot 1] party.NoCommand    party.NoCommand
[slot 2] party.NoCommand    party.NoCommand
[slot 3] party.NoCommand    party.NoCommand
[slot 4] party.NoCommand    party.NoCommand
[slot 5] party.NoCommand    party.NoCommand
[slot 6] party.NoCommand    party.NoCommand
[undo] party.NoCommand

--- Pushing Macro On---
Light is on
Living Room stereo is on
Living Room TV is on
Living Room TV channel is set for DVD
Hottub is heating to a steaming 104 degrees
Hottub is bubbling!
--- Pushing Macro Off---
Light is off
Living Room stereo is off
Living Room TV is off
Hottub is cooling to 98 degrees