基础知识点
首先简单认识TCP/IP协议
请访问http://www.cnblogs.com/roverliang/p/5176456.html
TCP/IP协议族中有一个重要的概念是分层，TCP/IP协议按照层次分为以下四层
TCP/IP通信数据流
使用HTTP协议进行数据传输的过程
HTTP请求报文
HTTP响应报文
TCP协议三次握手过程分析
请访问 http://blog.csdn.net/wwwdc1012/article/details/77857265
Python CGI编程 : http://www.runoob.com/python/python-cgi.html
CGI(Common Gateway Interface),通用网关接口,它是一段程序,运行在服务器上如：HTTP服务器，提供同客户端HTML页面的接口。
Python BaseHTTPServer 模块解析
http://blog.csdn.net/xhw88398569/article/details/49179967
下面为一个简单的Web服务器
该服务器工作流程：
(1) 定义多个可能遇到的多种情况及对应的处理方法：
是否是 cgi 请求 -> 文件是否存在 -> 目录下是否存在index.html -> 目录下是否不存在index.html -> 其他情况
Cases = [case_no_file(),
case_cgi_file(),
case_existing_file(),
case_directory_index_file(),
case_directory_no_index_file(),
case_always_fail()](2) 逐个检查匹配到哪种情况，并处理
for case in self.Cases:
if case.test(self):
case.act(self)
breakimport sys, os, BaseHTTPServer
#-----------------------------------------------------------
# 服务器异常类
class ServerException(Exception):
'''For internal error reporting.'''
pass
#-----------------------------------------------------------
class base_case(object):
'''Parent for case handlers.'''
def handle_file(self, handler, full_path):
"""处理文件，例如读取 index.html 文件，然后输出到响应报文中
"""
try:
with open(full_path, 'rb') as reader:
content = reader.read()
handler.send_content(content)
except IOError as msg:
msg = "'{0}' cannot be read: {1}".format(full_path, msg)
handler.handle_error(msg) # 异常信息
def index_path(self, handler):
"""合成index.html的全路径
"""
return os.path.join(handler.full_path, 'index.html')
def test(self, handler):
assert False, 'Not implemented.'
def act(self, handler):
assert False, 'Not implemented.'
#-----------------------------------------------------------
class case_no_file(base_case):
'''File or directory does not exist.
给一个路径名称，文件或目录都不存在的情况
'''
def test(self, handler):
# 测试路径是否存在
return not os.path.exists(handler.full_path)
def act(self, handler):
# 不存在时执行的动作，返回服务器异常
raise ServerException("'{0}' not found".format(handler.path))
#-----------------------------------------------------------
class case_cgi_file(base_case):
'''Something runnable.
cgi，当服务器上的脚本存在时则执行脚本，返回执行结果
'''
def run_cgi(self, handler): # 执行脚本
cmd = "python " + handler.full_path
child_stdin, child_stdout = os.popen2(cmd)
child_stdin.close()
data = child_stdout.read()
child_stdout.close()
handler.send_content(data)
def test(self, handler): # 测试脚本是否存在
return os.path.isfile(handler.full_path) and \
handler.full_path.endswith('.py')
def act(self, handler):
self.run_cgi(handler)
#-----------------------------------------------------------
class case_existing_file(base_case):
'''File exists.
给一个文件名，当文件存在时，处理
'''
def test(self, handler):
return os.path.isfile(handler.full_path)
def act(self, handler):
self.handle_file(handler, handler.full_path)
#-----------------------------------------------------------
class case_directory_index_file(base_case):
'''Serve index.html page for a directory.
给一个目录名，当该目录下存在index.html时，处理并返回该index.html
'''
def test(self, handler):
return os.path.isdir(handler.full_path) and \
os.path.isfile(self.index_path(handler))
def act(self, handler):
self.handle_file(handler, self.index_path(handler))
#-----------------------------------------------------------
class case_directory_no_index_file(base_case):
'''Serve listing for a directory without an index.html page.
目录下不存在index.html时，列出该目录下的所有文件，并渲染到简单的模板中
'''
# How to display a directory listing.
Listing_Page = '''\
<html>
<body>
<ul>
{0}
</ul>
</body>
</html>
'''
def list_dir(self, handler, full_path):
try:
entries = os.listdir(full_path)
bullets = ['<li>{0}</li>'.format(e) for e in entries if not e.startswith('.')]
page = self.Listing_Page.format('\n'.join(bullets))
handler.send_content(page)
except OSError as msg:
msg = "'{0}' cannot be listed: {1}".format(self.path, msg)
handler.handle_error(msg)
def test(self, handler):
return os.path.isdir(handler.full_path) and \
not os.path.isfile(self.index_path(handler))
def act(self, handler):
self.list_dir(handler, handler.full_path)
#------------------------------------------------------
class case_always_fail(base_case):
'''Base case if nothing else worked.
当之前所有的情况都失败时，执行这个
'''
def test(self, handler):
return True
def act(self, handler):
raise ServerException("Unknown object '{0}'".format(handler.path))
#------------------------------------------------------
class RequestHandler(BaseHTTPServer.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
'''
If the requested path maps to a file, that file is served.
If anything goes wrong, an error page is constructed.
'''
Cases = [case_no_file(),
case_cgi_file(),
case_existing_file(),
case_directory_index_file(),
case_directory_no_index_file(),
case_always_fail()]
# How to display an error. 显示错误信息的模板
Error_Page = """\
<html>
<body>
<h1>Error accessing {path}</h1>
<p>{msg}</p>
</body>
</html>
"""
# Classify and handle request. 处理GET请求
def do_GET(self):
try:
# Figure out what exactly is being requested.
self.full_path = os.getcwd() + self.path
# Figure out how to handle it.
for case in self.Cases:
if case.test(self):
case.act(self)
break
# Handle errors.
except Exception as msg:
self.handle_error(msg)
# Handle unknown objects.
def handle_error(self, msg):
content = self.Error_Page.format(path=self.path, msg=msg)
self.send_content(content, 404)
# Send actual content. 设置响应报文
def send_content(self, content, status=200):
self.send_response(status)
self.send_header("Content-type", "text/html")
self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(content)))
self.end_headers()
self.wfile.write(content)
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if __name__ == '__main__':
serverAddress = ('', 8080)
server = BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer(serverAddress, RequestHandler)
server.serve_forever()参考：500 lines or less 中文翻译计划 《简易Web服务器》
https://github.com/HT524/500LineorLess_CN/blob/master/%E7%AE%80%E6%98%93web%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%20A%20simple%20web%20server/%E7%AE%80%E6%98%93web%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8.md
1067
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
