【POJ】1026 - Cipher（置换群）

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Cipher

Time Limit: 1000MS		Memory Limit: 10000K
Total Submissions: 21131		Accepted: 5800

Description

Bob and Alice started to use a brand-new encoding scheme. Surprisingly it is not a Public Key Cryptosystem, but their encoding and decoding is based on secret keys. They chose the secret key at their last meeting in Philadelphia on February 16th, 1996. They chose as a secret key a sequence of n distinct integers, a1 ; . . .; an, greater than zero and less or equal to n. The encoding is based on the following principle. The message is written down below the key, so that characters in the message and numbers in the key are correspondingly aligned. Character in the message at the position i is written in the encoded message at the position ai, where ai is the corresponding number in the key. And then the encoded message is encoded in the same way. This process is repeated k times. After kth encoding they exchange their message. 

The length of the message is always less or equal than n. If the message is shorter than n, then spaces are added to the end of the message to get the message with the length n. 

Help Alice and Bob and write program which reads the key and then a sequence of pairs consisting of k and message to be encoded k times and produces a list of encoded messages. 

Input

The input file consists of several blocks. Each block has a number 0 < n <= 200 in the first line. The next line contains a sequence of n numbers pairwise distinct and each greater than zero and less or equal than n. Next lines contain integer number k and one message of ascii characters separated by one space. The lines are ended with eol, this eol does not belong to the message. The block ends with the separate line with the number 0. After the last block there is in separate line the number 0.

Output

Output is divided into blocks corresponding to the input blocks. Each block contains the encoded input messages in the same order as in input file. Each encoded message in the output file has the lenght n. After each block there is one empty line.

Sample Input

10
4 5 3 7 2 8 1 6 10 9
1 Hello Bob
1995 CERC
0
0

Sample Output

BolHeol  b
C RCE

Source

Central Europe 1995

给你一个群，然后求置换m次密码的结果。

首先先把这个群每个数的循环阶数求出来，最后算的时候求个余再算就行了，如果用二维数组或者vector存数更方便些。

代码如下：

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	int n;
	int num[200+11];
	int T[200+11];		//循环阶数 
	char code[200+11];		//密码 
	char ans[200+11];		//答案 
	while (~scanf ("%d",&n) && n)
	{
		for (int i = 1 ; i <= n ; i++)
			scanf ("%d",&num[i]);
		for (int i = 1 ; i <= n ; i++)		//求出每个数的循环阶数 
		{
			int t = num[i];
			int ant = 1;
			while (t != i)
			{
				t = num[t];
				ant++;
			}
			T[i] = ant;
		}
		int m;
		int l;		//密码的长度 
		while (~scanf ("%d",&m) && m)
		{
			getchar();
			gets(code+1);		//这个输入有点坑爹 
			l = strlen(code);
			for (int i = l ; i <= n ; i++)		//补上空格 
				code[i] = ' ';
			memset (ans , '\0' , sizeof (ans));
			for (int i = 1 ; i <= n ; i++)
			{
				int ant = (m - 1) % T[i] + 1;		//置换次数
				int pos = num[i];
				ant--;
				while (ant--)
					pos = num[pos];		//置换出结果
				ans[pos] = code[i];
			}
			ans[n+1] = '\0';
			printf ("%s\n",ans+1);
		}
		printf ("\n");
	}
	return 0;
}