总线设备驱动模型---platform篇

 linux从2.6起就加入了一套新的驱动管理和注册的机制platform平台总线，是一条虚拟的总线，设备用platform_device表示，驱动用platform_driver进行注册。于传统的bus/device/driver机制相比，platform由内核进行统一管理，在驱动中使用资源，提高了代码的安全性和可移植性。 
下面来看看内核时怎么注册platform总线的过程
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int __init platform_bus_init(void)

{

    int error;



    early_platform_cleanup();



    error = device_register(&platform_bus);//注册了platform的设备

    if (error)

        return error;

    error = bus_register(&platform_bus_type);//注册了platform总线

    if (error)

        device_unregister(&platform_bus);

    return error;

} 
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struct device platform_bus = {

    .init_name    = "platform",

}; 
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struct bus_type platform_bus_type = {

    .name        = "platform",

    .dev_attrs    = platform_dev_attrs,

    .match        = platform_match,

    .uevent        = platform_uevent,

    .pm        = &platform_dev_pm_ops,

}; 
其过程和总线的注册过程差不多，驱动和设备匹配后，调用platform的match函数。由传统的机制，也不难总结出platform的开发流程为
1、定义一个platform_device，并注册
2、定义一个platform_driver，并注册
定义platform_device过程
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struct platform_device *platform_device_alloc(const char *name, int id)

{

    struct platform_object *pa;



    pa = kzalloc(sizeof(struct platform_object) + strlen(name), GFP_KERNEL);

    if (pa) {

        strcpy(pa->name, name);

        pa->pdev.name = pa->name;

        pa->pdev.id = id;

        device_initialize(&pa->pdev.dev);

        pa->pdev.dev.release = platform_device_release;

        arch_setup_pdev_archdata(&pa->pdev);

    }



    return pa ? &pa->pdev : NULL;

} 
下面首先来看看platform_device的注册过程
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struct platform_device {

    const char    * name;                  //设备名

    int        id;                         //设备ID

    struct device    dev;

    u32        num_resources;              //设备使用的资源的数目

    struct resource    * resource;         //设备使用的资源 


    const struct platform_device_id    *id_entry;



    /* MFD cell pointer */

    struct mfd_cell *mfd_cell;



    /* arch specific additions */

    struct pdev_archdata    archdata;

}; 
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struct resource {

    resource_size_t start;

    resource_size_t end;

    const char *name;

    unsigned long flags;

    struct resource *parent, *sibling, *child;

}; 
在struct resource结构中我们通常只关心start、end和flags这3个字段，分别表示资源的开始值、结束值和类型，flags可以用内存资源，IO资源，中断资源等。
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int platform_device_register(struct platform_device *pdev)

{

    device_initialize(&pdev->dev);//dev初始化

    arch_setup_pdev_archdata(pdev);

    return platform_device_add(pdev);//加入到dev链表

} 
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int platform_device_add(struct platform_device *pdev)

{

    int i, ret = 0;



    if (!pdev)

        return -EINVAL;



    if (!pdev->dev.parent)

        pdev->dev.parent = &platform_bus;//父设备设置为platform_bus



    pdev->dev.bus = &platform_bus_type;//设备挂载在platforrm总线上



    if (pdev->id != -1)

        dev_set_name(&pdev->dev, "%s.%d", pdev->name, pdev->id);

    else

        dev_set_name(&pdev->dev, "%s", pdev->name);



    for (i = 0; i <</span> pdev->num_resources; i++) {    //完成资源的初始化

        struct resource *p, *r = &pdev->resource[i];



        if (r->name == NULL)

            r->name = dev_name(&pdev->dev);



        p = r->parent;

        if (!p) {

            if (resource_type(r) == IORESOURCE_MEM)

                p = &iomem_resource;

            else if (resource_type(r) == IORESOURCE_IO)

                p = &ioport_resource;

        }



        if (p && insert_resource(p, r)) {

            printk(KERN_ERR

             "%s: failed to claim resource %d\n",

             dev_name(&pdev->dev), i);

            ret = -EBUSY;

            goto failed;

        }

    }



    pr_debug("Registering platform device '%s'. Parent at %s\n",

         dev_name(&pdev->dev), dev_name(pdev->dev.parent));



    ret = device_add(&pdev->dev);

    if (ret == 0)

        return ret;



 failed:

    while (--i >= 0) {

        struct resource *r = &pdev->resource[i];

        unsigned long type = resource_type(r);



        if (type == IORESOURCE_MEM || type == IORESOURCE_IO)

            release_resource(r);

    }



    return ret;

} 
其上最后也是调用device_add的，其主要是将device加入到bus总线中，并由device_attach完成设备与驱动之间的匹配，这个过程在设备一篇中已经有详细的分析过程中，再看看驱动的注册过程。
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struct platform_driver {

    int (*probe)(struct platform_device *);

    int (*remove)(struct platform_device *);

    void (*shutdown)(struct platform_device *);

    int (*suspend)(struct platform_device *, pm_message_t state);

    int (*resume)(struct platform_device *);

    struct device_driver driver;

    const struct platform_device_id *id_table;

}; 
可见，它包含了设备操作的功能函数，同时包含了device_driver结构。内核提供的platform_driver结构的注册为
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int platform_driver_register(struct platform_driver *drv)

{

    drv->driver.bus = &platform_bus_type;//注册到总线上，drv与dev匹配通过platform_bus_type注册的platform_match完成

    if (drv->probe)

        drv->driver.probe = platform_drv_probe;

    if (drv->remove)

        drv->driver.remove = platform_drv_remove;

    if (drv->shutdown)

        drv->driver.shutdown = platform_drv_shutdown;



    return driver_register(&drv->driver);

} 
其注册函数中比较重要的还是调用了driver_register，添加到platform总线链表，完成设备与驱动之间的匹配过程，其主要的过程在总线设备驱动模型的驱动篇已经有过分析。 
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int driver_register(struct device_driver *drv)

{

    int ret;

    struct device_driver *other;



    BUG_ON(!drv->bus->p);



    if ((drv->bus->probe && drv->probe) ||

     (drv->bus->remove && drv->remove) ||

     (drv->bus->shutdown && drv->shutdown))

        printk(KERN_WARNING "Driver '%s' needs updating - please use "

            "bus_type methods\n", drv->name);



    other = driver_find(drv->name, drv->bus);

    if (other) {

        put_driver(other);

        printk(KERN_ERR "Error: Driver '%s' is already registered, "

            "aborting...\n", drv->name);

        return -EBUSY;

    }



    ret = bus_add_driver(drv);

    if (ret)

        return ret;

    ret = driver_add_groups(drv, drv->groups);

    if (ret)

        bus_remove_driver(drv);

    return ret;

} 
下面看看看驱动和设备的匹配过程，由以前可以看出，主要是调用bus的match函数来完成匹配。
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static int platform_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)

{

    struct platform_device *pdev = to_platform_device(dev);

    struct platform_driver *pdrv = to_platform_driver(drv);



    /* Attempt an OF style match first */

    if (of_driver_match_device(dev, drv))

        return 1;



    /* Then try to match against the id table */

    if (pdrv->id_table)

        return platform_match_id(pdrv->id_table, pdev) != NULL;



    /* fall-back to driver name match */

    return (strcmp(pdev->name, drv->name) == 0);

} 
由上面可以看出，只需要比较dev的名字和drv的名字，如果是相同的话就匹配成功。
在platform的设备驱动的编写有两种方法：
1、在bsp版文件中实现定义，在文件中将platform_device被化为一个数组，最后通过platform_add_devices函数注册。对于2440来说位于arch\arm\mach-s3c2440\mach-smdk2440.c中定义
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static struct platform_device *smdk2440_devices[] __initdata = {

    &s3c_device_usb,

    &s3c_device_lcd,

    &s3c_device_wdt,

    &s3c_device_i2c,

    &s3c_device_iis,

}; 
如果我们要实现一个设备的添加，那么只需要加入一个struct platform_device的数组，然后只需要编写对应的platform_driver驱动程序就可以了。从这种方法可以看出，存在一个很明显的缺点，如果要改写驱动，就要重新的编译内核。
2、第二种方法只需要单独编写一个内核模块加载到内核中。
例子：
device文件：platform_dev.c
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struct platform_device *my_led_dev;

  

static int __init platform_dev_init(void)

{

    int ret;

      

 //分配一个 platform_device结构体

    my_led_dev = platform_device_alloc("platform_led", -1);

      

    ret = platform_device_add(my_led_dev);//将自定义的设备添加到内核设备架构中

      

    if(ret)

        platform_device_put(my_led_dev);//销毁platform设备结构

      

    return ret;

}

  

static void __exit platform_dev_exit(void)

{

    platform_device_unregister(my_led_dev);//注销platform_device

}

  

module_init(platform_dev_init);

module_exit(platform_dev_exit);

  

MODULE_AUTHOR("Sola");

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); 
drv文件：platform_drv.c


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static int s3c6410_led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)

{

   unsigned tmp;

          tmp = readl(S3C64XX_GPMCON);

     tmp = (tmp & ~(0xFFFF))|(0x1111U);

          writel(tmp, S3C64XX_GPMCON);

  

     return 0;

}

  

  

static int s3c6410_led_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)

{



    return 0;

}

  

  

static int s3c6410_led_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buff, size_t count, loff_t *offp)

{

     printk("#########read######\n");

     return count;

}



static int s3c6410_led_write (struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t count,loff_t *f_pos)

{

     char wbuf[10];

     unsigned tmp;



     copy_from_user(wbuf,buf,count);

  if(wbuf[0]==1)//1号灯亮

     switch(wbuf[1])

     {

         case 0: //off

             tmp = readl(S3C64XX_GPMDAT);

                           tmp |= (0x1U);

                           writel(tmp, S3C64XX_GPMDAT);

             break;

         case 1: //on

             tmp = readl(S3C64XX_GPMDAT);

                           tmp &= ~(0x1U);

                           writel(tmp, S3C64XX_GPMDAT);

             break;

         default :

             break;

     }

  

  if(wbuf[0]==2)//2号灯亮

     switch(wbuf[1])

     {

         case 0: //off

             tmp = readl(S3C64XX_GPMDAT);

                           tmp |= (0x2U);

                           writel(tmp, S3C64XX_GPMDAT);

             break;

         case 1: //on

             tmp = readl(S3C64XX_GPMDAT);

                           tmp &= ~(0x2U);

                           writel(tmp, S3C64XX_GPMDAT);

             break;

         default :

             break;

     }

  

  if(wbuf[0]==3)//3号灯亮

     switch(wbuf[1])

     {

         case 0: //off

             tmp = readl(S3C64XX_GPMDAT);

                           tmp |= (0x4U);

                           writel(tmp, S3C64XX_GPMDAT);

             break;

         case 1: //on

             tmp = readl(S3C64XX_GPMDAT);

                           tmp &= ~(0x4U);

                           writel(tmp, S3C64XX_GPMDAT);

             break;

         default :

             break;

     }

  

  if(wbuf[0]==4)//4号灯亮

     switch(wbuf[1])

     {

         case 0: //off

             tmp = readl(S3C64XX_GPMDAT);

                           tmp |= (0x8U);

                           writel(tmp, S3C64XX_GPMDAT);

             break;

         case 1: //on

             tmp = readl(S3C64XX_GPMDAT);

                           tmp &= ~(0x8U);

                           writel(tmp, S3C64XX_GPMDAT);

             break;

         default :

             break;

     }

     return count;

}

  

  

static struct file_operations led_fops = {

    .owner = THIS_MODULE,

    .open = s3c6410_led_open,

    .release = s3c6410_led_close,

    .read = s3c6410_led_read,

 .write = s3c6410_led_write,

};

  

  

static int my_plat_probe(struct platform_device *dev)

{

    int rc;

 printk("Test platform_led dev\n");

 //注册设备

 rc = register_chrdev(LED_MAJOR,"platform_led",&led_fops);

  if (rc <</span>0)

     {

         printk ("register %s char dev error\n","led");

         return -1;

     }

     printk ("ok!\n");

     return 0;

}

  

static int my_plat_remove(struct platform_device *dev)

{

    printk("my platfrom device has removed.\n");

    return 0;

}

  

struct platform_driver my_led_drv = {

    .probe = my_plat_probe,

    .remove = my_plat_remove,

    .driver = {

        .owner = THIS_MODULE,

        .name = "platform_led",

    },

};

  

static int __init platform_drv_init(void)

{

    int ret;

  

    ret = platform_driver_register(&my_led_drv);

      

    return ret;

}

  

static void __exit platform_drv_exit(void)

{

    platform_driver_unregister(&my_led_drv);

}

  

module_init(platform_drv_init);

module_exit(platform_drv_exit);

   
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); 

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_67e1c5cc0101ntof.html