spingmvc第二篇
springmvc的工作流
1A. 客户端发出http请求，只要请求形式符合web.xml 文件中配置的*.action的话，就由DispatcherServlet 来处理。
1B. DispatcherServlet再将http请求委托给映射器 的对象来将http请求交给对应的Action来处理
-
映射器根据客户的http请求，再对比<bean name="/hello.action 如果匹配正确，再将http请求交给程序员写的Action
-
执行Action中的业务方法，最终返回一个名叫ModelAndView 的对象，其中封装了向视图发送的数据和视图的逻辑名
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ModelAndView对象随着响应到到DispatcherServlet中了
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这时DispatcherServlet收到了ModelAndView对象， 它也不知道视图逻辑名是何意，又得委托一个名叫 视图解析器的对象去具体解析ModelAndView对象 中的内容
-
将视图解析器解析后的内容，再次交由DispatcherServlet 核心控制器，这时核心控制器再将请求转发到具体的 视图页面，取出数据，再显示给用户
springmvc快速入门（注解版本）
springmvc快速入门（传统版）
- 步一：创建springmvc-day02这么一个web应用
- 步二：导入springioc，springweb和springmvc相关的jar包
------------------------------------------------------springWEB模块
org.springframework.web-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.web.servlet-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar（mvc专用）
------------------------------------------------------springIOC模块
org.springframework.asm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.beans-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.context-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.core-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.expression-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar- 步三：在/WEB-INF/下创建web.xml文件
<servlet>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>- 步五:创建HelloAction.java控制器类
@Controller
public class HelloAction{
@RequestMapping(value="/hello")
public String helloMethod(Model model) throws Exception{
System.out.println("HelloAction::helloMethod()");
model.addAttribute("message","这是我的第二个springmvc应用程序");
return "/success.jsp";
}
}- 步五：在/WebRoot/下创建success.jsp
<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>这是我的第二个springmvc应用程序</title>
</head>
<body>
success.jsp<br/>
${message}
</body>
</html>- 步六：在/src/目录下创建spring.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
">
<!-- Action控制器 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.csx.javaee.springmvc.helloannotation"/>
<!-- 基于注解的映射器(可选) -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping"/>
<!-- 基于注解的适配器(可选) -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"/>
<!-- 视图解析器(可选) -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"/>
</beans>- 步七：部署web应用到tomcat中，通过浏览器访问如下URL：http://127.0.0.1:8080/springmvc-day02/hello.action
一个Action中，可以写多个类似的业务控制方法
通过模块根路径 + 功能子路径 = 访问模块下子功能的路径
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/user")
public class UserAction{
@RequestMapping(value="/add")
public String add(Model model) throws Exception{
System.out.println("HelloAction::add()");
model.addAttribute("message","增加用户");
return "/success.jsp";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/find")
public String find(Model model) throws Exception{
System.out.println("HelloAction::find()");
model.addAttribute("message","查询用户");
return "/success.jsp";
}
}增加用户：http://127.0.0.1:8080/myspringmvc-day02/user/add.action
查询用户：http://127.0.0.1:8080/myspringmvc-day02/user/find.action
在业务控制方法中写入普通变量收集参数
可以在业务控制方法中，以参数形式收集客户端参数，springmvc采用方法参数形式的
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/user")
public class UserAction{
@RequestMapping(value="/add")
public String add(Model model,int id,String name,Double sal) throws Exception{
System.out.println("HelloAction::add()");
System.out.println(id + ":" + name + ":" + sal);
model.addAttribute("message","增加用户");
return "/success.jsp";
}
}http://127.0.0.1:8080/myspringmvc-day02/user/add.action?id=1&name=zhaojun&sal=5000
限定某个业务控制方法，只允许GET或POST请求方式访问
可以在业务控制方法前，指明该业务控制方法只能接收GET或POST的请求
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/user")
public class UserAction{
@RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String add(Model model,int id,String name,double sal) throws Exception{
System.out.println("HelloAction::add()::POST");
System.out.println(id + ":" + name + ":" + sal);
model.addAttribute("message","增加用户");
return "/success.jsp";
}
}如果不书写method=RequestMethod.POST的话，GET和POST请求都支持
在业务控制方法中写入Request，Response等传统web参数
可以在业务控制方法中书写传统web参数，这种方式我们不提倡，耦合了
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/user")
public class UserAction{
@RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)
public void add(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception{
System.out.println("HelloAction::add()::POST");
int id = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("id"));
String name = request.getParameter("name");
double sal = Double.parseDouble(request.getParameter("sal"));
System.out.println(id + ":" + name + ":" + sal);
request.getSession().setAttribute("id",id);
request.getSession().setAttribute("name",name);
request.getSession().setAttribute("sal",sal);
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/register.jsp");
}
}在业务控制方法中写入模型变量收集参数，且使用@InitBind来解决字符串转日期类型
在默认情况下，springmvc不能将String类型转成java.util.Date类型，所有我们只能在Action 中自定义类型转换器
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/add.action" method="POST">
编号：<input type="text" name="id" value="${id}"/><br/>
姓名：<input type="text" name="name" value="${name}"/><br/>
薪水：<input type="text" name="sal" value="${sal}"/><br/>
入职时间：<input type="text" name="hiredate" value='<fmt:formatDate value="${hiredate}" type="date"/>'/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="注册"/>
</form>
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/user")
public class UserAction {
@InitBinder
protected void initBinder(HttpServletRequest request,ServletRequestDataBinder binder) throws Exception {
binder.registerCustomEditor(
Date.class,
new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),true));
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String add(int id, String name, double sal, Date hiredate,
Model model) throws Exception {
System.out.println("HelloAction::add()::POST");
model.addAttribute("id", id);
model.addAttribute("name", name);
model.addAttribute("sal", sal);
model.addAttribute("hiredate", hiredate);
return "/register.jsp";
}
}在业务控制方法中写入User，Admin多个模型收集参数
- 可以在业务控制方法中书写1个模型来收集客户端的参数
- 模型中的属性名必须和客户端参数名一一对应
- 这里说的模型不是Model对象，Model是向视图中封装的数据
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/user")
public class UserAction {
@InitBinder
protected void initBinder(HttpServletRequest request,ServletRequestDataBinder binder) throws Exception {
binder.registerCustomEditor(
Date.class,
new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),true));
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String add(User user,Model model) throws Exception {
System.out.println("HelloAction::add()::POST");
model.addAttribute("user",user);
return "/register.jsp";
}
}在业务控制方法中写入包装User的模型来收集参数
可以在业务控制方法中书写0个或多个模型来收集客户端的参数
- 如果多个模型中有相同的属性时，可以用user.name或admin.name来收集客户端参数
- 用一个新的模型将User和Admin再封装一次
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Double sal;
private Date hiredate;
public User(){}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Double getSal() {
return sal;
}
public void setSal(Double sal) {
this.sal = sal;
}
public Date getHiredate() {
return hiredate;
}
public void setHiredate(Date hiredate) {
this.hiredate = hiredate;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return this.id + ":" + this.name + ":" + this.sal + ":" + this.hiredate;
}
}
Bean.java
public class Bean {
private User user;
private Admin admin;
public Bean(){}
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
}
public Admin getAdmin() {
return admin;
}
public void setAdmin(Admin admin) {
this.admin = admin;
}
}
PersonAction.java
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/person")
public class PersonAction {
@InitBinder
protected void initBinder(HttpServletRequest request,ServletRequestDataBinder binder) throws Exception {
binder.registerCustomEditor(
Date.class,
new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),true));
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String add(Bean bean,Model model) throws Exception {
System.out.println(bean.getUser());
System.out.println(bean.getAdmin());
System.out.println("PersonAction::add()::POST");
model.addAttribute("bean",bean);
return "/register.jsp";
}
}
register.jsp
普通用户
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/person/add.action" method="POST">
编号：<input type="text" name="user.id" value="${bean.user.id}"/><br/>
姓名：<input type="text" name="user.name" value="${bean.user.name}"/><br/>
薪水：<input type="text" name="user.sal" value="${bean.user.sal}"/><br/>
入职时间：<input type="text" name="user.hiredate" value='<fmt:formatDate value="${bean.user.hiredate}" type="both" />'/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="注册"/>
</form>在业务控制方法中收集数组参数
批量删除用户
Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/user")
public class UserAction {
@RequestMapping(value="/delete")
public String deleteMethod(int[] ids,Model model) throws Exception{
System.out.println("UserAction::deleteMethod()");
System.out.println("需要删除的id为：");
for(int id : ids){
System.out.print(id+" ");
}
model.addAttribute("message","批量删除成功");
return "/success.jsp";
}
}在业务控制方法中收集List<JavaBean>参数
批量注册用户
UserAction.java
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/user")
public class UserAction {
@RequestMapping(value="/addAll")
public String addAll(Bean bean,Model model) throws Exception{
for(User user : bean.getUserList()){
System.out.println(user.getName()+":"+user.getGender());
}
model.addAttribute("message","批量增加用户成功");
return "/success.jsp";
}
}
Bean.java
public class Bean {
private List<User> userList = new ArrayList<User>();
public Bean(){}
public List<User> getUserList() {
return userList;
}
public void setUserList(List<User> userList) {
this.userList = userList;
}
}
registerAll.java
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/addAll.action" method="POST">
姓名：<input type="text" name="userList[0].name" value="哈哈"/>
性别：<input type="text" name="userList[0].gender" value="男"/>
<hr/>
姓名：<input type="text" name="userList[1].name" value="呵呵"/>
性别：<input type="text" name="userList[1].gender" value="男"/>
<hr/>
姓名：<input type="text" name="userList[2].name" value="嘻嘻"/>
性别：<input type="text" name="userList[2].gender" value="女"/>
<hr/>
<input type="submit" value="批量注册"/>
</form>结果的转发和重定向
在转发情况下，共享request域对象，会将参数从第一个业务控制方法传入第二个业务控制方法， 反之，重定向则不行 删除id=10号的用户，再查询用户 @Controller @RequestMapping(value="/user") public class UserAction {
@RequestMapping(value="/delete")
public String delete(int id) throws Exception{
System.out.println("删除用户->" + id);
//转发到find()
return "forward:/user/find.action";
//重定向到find()
//return "redirect:/user/find.action";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/find")
public String find(int id) throws Exception{
System.out.println("查询用户->" + id);
return "/success.jsp";
}}
异步发送表单数据到JavaBean，并响应JSON文本返回
提交表单后，将JavaBean信息以JSON文本形式返回到浏览器
bean2json.jsp
<form>
编号：<input type="text" name="id" value="1"/><br/>
姓名：<input type="text" name="name" value="哈哈"/><br/>
薪水：<input type="text" name="sal" value="5000"/><br/>
<input type="button" value="异步提交注册"/>
</form>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(":button").click(function(){
var url = "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/add.action";
var sendData = {
"id":1,
"name":"哈哈",
"sal":5000
};
$.post(url,sendData,function(backData,textStatus,ajax){
alert(ajax.responseText);
});
});
</script>
User.java
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Double sal;
public User(){}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Double getSal() {
return sal;
}
public void setSal(Double sal) {
this.sal = sal;
}
}
UserAction.java
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/user")
public class UserAction {
@RequestMapping(value="/add")
public @ResponseBody User add(User user) throws Exception{
System.out.println(user.getId()+":"+user.getName()+":"+user.getSal());
return user;
}
}
spring.xml
<!-- Action控制器 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast.javaee.springmvc.app25"/>
<!-- 配适器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">
<property name="messageConverters">
<list>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter"/>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
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