http://zhangjunhd.blog.51cto.com/113473/71387
使用wait()与notify()/notifyAll()可以使得多个任务之间彼此协作。
1. wait()与notify()/notifyAll()
调用sleep()和yield()的时候锁并没有被释放,而调用wait()将释放锁。这样另一个任务(线程)可以获得当前对象的锁,从而进入它的synchronized方法中。可以通过notify()/notifyAll(),或者时间到期,从wait()中恢复执行。
只能在同步控制方法或同步块中调用wait()、notify()和notifyAll()。如果在非同步的方法里调用这些方法,在运行时会抛出IllegalMonitorStateException异常。
2.模拟单个线程对多个线程的唤醒
模拟线程之间的协作。Game类有2个同步方法prepare()和go()。标志位start用于判断当前线程是否需要wait()。Game类的实例首先启动所有的Athele类实例,使其进入wait()状态,在一段时间后,改变标志位并notifyAll()所有处于wait状态的Athele线程。
Game.java
package concurrency;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;
class Athleteimplements Runnable {
privatefinalint id;
private Game game;
public Athlete(int id, Game game) {
this.id = id;
this.game = game;
}
publicboolean equals(Object o) {
if (!(oinstanceof Athlete))
returnfalse;
Athlete athlete = (Athlete) o;
return id == athlete.id;
}
public String toString() {
return"Athlete<" + id +">";
}
publicint hashCode() {
returnnew Integer(id).hashCode();
}
publicvoid run() {
try {
game.prepare(this);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println(this +" quit the game");
}
}
}
publicclass Gameimplements Runnable {
private Set<Athlete> players =new HashSet<Athlete>();
privateboolean start =false;
publicvoid addPlayer(Athlete one) {
players.add(one);
}
publicvoid removePlayer(Athlete one) {
players.remove(one);
}
public Collection<Athlete> getPlayers() {
return Collections.unmodifiableSet(players);
}
publicvoid prepare(Athlete athlete)throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println(athlete + " ready!");
synchronized (this) {
while (!start)
wait();
if (start)
System.out.println(athlete + " go!");
}
}
publicsynchronizedvoid go() {
notifyAll();
}
publicvoid ready() {
Iterator<Athlete> iter = getPlayers().iterator();
while (iter.hasNext())
new Thread(iter.next()).start();
}
publicvoid run() {
start = false;
System.out.println("Ready......");
System.out.println("Ready......");
System.out.println("Ready......");
ready();//ps:就是这里,ready处理所有线程运行。但是也许不立即执行。就做下面的start=true了
start = true;
System.out.println("Go!");
go();
}
publicstaticvoid main(String[] args) {
Game game = new Game();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
game.addPlayer(new Athlete(i, game));
new Thread(game).start();
}
}
结果:
Ready......
Ready......
Ready......
Athlete<0> ready!
Athlete<1> ready!
Athlete<2> ready!
Athlete<3> ready!
Athlete<4> ready!
Athlete<5> ready!
Athlete<6> ready!
Athlete<7> ready!
Athlete<8> ready!
Athlete<9> ready!
Go!
Athlete<9> go!
Athlete<8> go!
Athlete<7> go!
Athlete<6> go!
Athlete<5> go!
Athlete<4> go!
Athlete<3> go!
Athlete<2> go!
Athlete<1> go!
Athlete<0> go!
ps:原作者的这个例子是有瑕疵的。因为线程start之后不一定立即执行。 而这时候标志start 设置成true后才执行的,就不会出现下面打印的结果。
实际上 我在我机器上实验 从来就没有能出现累死原作者的结果。 不过 这个例子还是能够看出原作者所要表达的意思的。
3.模拟忙等待过程
MyObject类的实例是被观察者,当观察事件发生时,它会通知一个Monitor类的实例(通知的方式是改变一个标志位)。而此Monitor类的实例是通过忙等待来不断的检查标志位是否变化。
BusyWaiting.java
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
class MyObjectimplements Runnable {
private Monitor monitor;
public MyObject(Monitor monitor) {
this.monitor = monitor;
}
publicvoid run() {
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
System.out.println("i'm going.");
monitor.gotMessage();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class Monitorimplements Runnable {
privatevolatileboolean go =false;
publicvoid gotMessage()throws InterruptedException {
go = true;
}
publicvoid watching() {
while (go ==false)
;
System.out.println("He has gone.");
}
publicvoid run() {
watching();
}
}
publicclass BusyWaiting {
publicstaticvoid main(String[] args) {
Monitor monitor = new Monitor();
MyObject o = new MyObject(monitor);
new Thread(o).start();
new Thread(monitor).start();
}
}
结果:
i'm going.
He has gone.
4.使用wait()与notify()改写上面的例子
下面的例子通过wait()来取代忙等待机制,当收到通知消息时,notify当前Monitor类线程。
Wait.java
package concurrency.wait;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
class MyObjectimplements Runnable {
private Monitor monitor;
public MyObject(Monitor monitor) {
this.monitor = monitor;
}
publicvoid run() {
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
System.out.println("i'm going.");
monitor.gotMessage();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class Monitorimplements Runnable {
privatevolatileboolean go =false;
publicsynchronizedvoid gotMessage()throws InterruptedException {
go = true;
notify();
}
publicsynchronizedvoid watching()throws InterruptedException {
while (go ==false)
wait();
System.out.println("He has gone.");
}
publicvoid run() {
try {
watching();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
publicclass Wait {
publicstaticvoid main(String[] args) {
Monitor monitor = new Monitor();
MyObject o = new MyObject(monitor);
new Thread(o).start();
new Thread(monitor).start();
}
}
结果:
i'm going.
He has gone.