Spring mvc工作原理

最新推荐文章于 2020-09-21 11:13:18 发布

N3verL4nd

最新推荐文章于 2020-09-21 11:13:18 发布

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需要解决的问题

Spring mvc按照MVC设计模式设计的框架，Model实体类传递给Controller，设置变量，返回给模板，渲染给客户端。

目标是简化开发流程，不需要大量重复的代码，不需要像servlet每个请求都要配置一个servlet，并需要手工管理request，response。以及DI,aop的介入，可以定制大量操作，比如HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler，定制特定通用返回值。

处理流程

以spring mvc json custom example为例

DispatcherServlet处理

Spring MVC的典型入口配置是在web.xml中这样定义:

 <servlet>
     <servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name>
     <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
     <init-param>
         <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
         <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring/appServlet/servlet-context.xml</param-value>
     </init-param>
 </servlet>
 <servlet-mapping>
     <servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name>
     <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>

org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet继承于javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet，并没有什么特殊的，即该配置将所有请求委托与DispatcherServlet处理。

HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
if (mappedHandler == null || mappedHandler.getHandler() == null) {
	noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
	return;
}
protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
	for (HandlerMapping hm : this.handlerMappings) {
		if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
			logger.trace(
					"Testing handler map [" + hm + "] in DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'");
		}
		HandlerExecutionChain handler = hm.getHandler(request);
		if (handler != null) {
			return handler;
		}
	}
	return null;
}

当发起一个请求（get或者post）时，调用DispatcherServlet的doGet或doPost方法，跳过一些通用设置方法（公用属性设置等），达到关键方法doDispatch。

这一步通过预置的HandlerMapping找到HandlerExecutionChain。

概念解释：

Handler：Controller，具体的是com.he.app.controller.JsonController和com.he.app.controller.HomeController。

HandlerInterceptor：Handler的前后拦截器。

HandlerExecutionChain：Handler和它的HandlerInterceptor的合集。

HandlerMapping：HandlerExecutionChain的工厂方法。

那么，List<HandlerMapping>又是如何来的？如何实现的？看2。

接着获取HandlerAdapter：

HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());
protected HandlerAdapter getHandlerAdapter(Object handler) throws ServletException {
	for (HandlerAdapter ha : this.handlerAdapters) {
		if (ha.supports(handler)) {
			return ha;
		}
	}
}

那么handlerAdapters是如何来的，阅读3。

下面就是HandlerAdapter执行逻辑并得到ModelAndView对象。中间穿插HandlerExecutionChain包含的拦截器。

if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
	return;
}

// Actually invoke the handler.
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());

if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
	return;
}

applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);
mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);

下面就是页面渲染processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);：

private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
	HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, ModelAndView mv, Exception exception) throws Exception {

	boolean errorView = false;
    // Did the handler return a view to render?
		if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) {
			render(mv, request, response);
			if (errorView) {
				WebUtils.clearErrorRequestAttributes(request);
			}
		}
     }

protected void render(ModelAndView mv, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
	// Determine locale for request and apply it to the response.
	Locale locale = this.localeResolver.resolveLocale(request);
	response.setLocale(locale);
	View view;
	if (mv.isReference()) {
		// We need to resolve the view name.
		view = resolveViewName(mv.getViewName(), mv.getModelInternal(), locale, request);
		if (view == null) {
			throw new ServletException("Could not resolve view with name '" + mv.getViewName() +
					"' in servlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'");
		}
	}
	else {
		// No need to lookup: the ModelAndView object contains the actual View object.
		view = mv.getView();
		if (view == null) {
			throw new ServletException("ModelAndView [" + mv + "] neither contains a view name nor a " +
					"View object in servlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'");
		}
	}
    // Delegate to the View object for rendering.
	if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
		logger.debug("Rendering view [" + view + "] in DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'");
	}
	try {
		view.render(mv.getModelInternal(), request, response);
	}
	catch (Exception ex) {
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Error rendering view [" + view + "] in DispatcherServlet with name '" +
					getServletName() + "'", ex);
		}
		throw ex;
	}
}
protected View resolveViewName(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model, Locale locale,
		HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {	
        for (ViewResolver viewResolver : this.viewResolvers) {
		View view = viewResolver.resolveViewName(viewName, locale);
		if (view != null) {
			return view;
		}
	}
	return null;
}

基本逻辑是遍历viewResolvers，找到可以解决当前view的view，然后render请求。viewResolvers工作原理见7.

2 . List<HandlerMapping>的由来

接口探测，在org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet#initHandlerMappings进行初始化：

private void initHandlerMappings(ApplicationContext context) {
	this.handlerMappings = null;
	if (this.detectAllHandlerMappings) {
		// Find all HandlerMappings in the ApplicationContext, including ancestor contexts.
		Map<String, HandlerMapping> matchingBeans =
				BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerMapping.class, true, false);
		if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
			this.handlerMappings = new ArrayList<HandlerMapping>(matchingBeans.values());
			// We keep HandlerMappings in sorted order.
			AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.handlerMappings);
		}
	}

调试发现在这里获取到全部的handlerMappings，即通过找到所有在BeanFactory注册的org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping的子类加载到handlerMappings。这种设计思想广泛用于Spring设计中，即动态注入思想的扩展。获益：这里同时也是一个定制点，我们可以实现自己的HandlerMapping，只要是一个继承HandlerMapping接口的Bean即可。那么这些实现类又是什么时候注入BeanFactory的呢？

先看前面的web.xml的配置contextConfigLocation：/WEB-INF/spring/appServlet/servlet-context.xml，此一步配置整个框架的配置，而该文件的调用过程如图所示：

最终调用正常的fresh加载xml。
再看appServlet/servlet-context.xml：
```
<mvc:annotation-driven>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
```
声明mvc命名空间加载，具体如何加载不涉及，基本逻辑是根据不同的命名空间(xmlns)找到org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.NamespaceHandlerSupport不同的子类处理，然后注册不同的element。例如：AopNamespaceHandler来处理<aop:config>系列。而这里同理使用MvcNamespaceHandler：
```
  public void init() {
      registerBeanDefinitionParser("annotation-driven", new AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser());
      ...
```

再org.springframework.web.servlet.config.AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser#parse中进行基础配置，HandlerMethod相关的：

public BeanDefinition parse(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) {
	RootBeanDefinition handlerMappingDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerMapping.class);
	handlerMappingDef.setSource(source);
	handlerMappingDef.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE);
	handlerMappingDef.getPropertyValues().add("order", 0);
	handlerMappingDef.getPropertyValues().add("contentNegotiationManager", contentNegotiationManager);
	...
	parserContext.registerComponent(new BeanComponentDefinition(handlerMappingDef, methodMappingName));

	...
	MvcNamespaceUtils.registerDefaultComponents(parserContext, source);
	...
}	
	
private static void org.springframework.web.servlet.config.MvcNamespaceUtils#registerBeanNameUrlHandlerMapping(ParserContext parserContext, Object source) {
	if (!parserContext.getRegistry().containsBeanDefinition(BEAN_NAME_URL_HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME)){
		RootBeanDefinition beanNameMappingDef = new RootBeanDefinition(BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping.class);
		beanNameMappingDef.setSource(source);
		beanNameMappingDef.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE);
		beanNameMappingDef.getPropertyValues().add("order", 2);	// consistent with WebMvcConfigurationSupport
		RuntimeBeanReference corsConfigurationsRef = MvcNamespaceUtils.registerCorsConfigurations(null, parserContext, source);
		beanNameMappingDef.getPropertyValues().add("corsConfigurations", corsConfigurationsRef);
		parserContext.getRegistry().registerBeanDefinition(BEAN_NAME_URL_HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME, beanNameMappingDef);
		parserContext.registerComponent(new BeanComponentDefinition(beanNameMappingDef, BEAN_NAME_URL_HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME));
}

这里注册2个org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping的Bean：

org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping：注册基于注解(RequestMapping和Controller)的Controller

org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping：注册基于Bean名（以/开头）的的的Controller

下面以常用的RequestMappingHandlerMapping说明

RequestMappingHandlerMapping初始化逻辑

作为一个Bean的RequestMappingHandlerMapping的初始化在org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping#afterPropertiesSet完成。

  public void afterPropertiesSet() {
      initHandlerMethods();
  }
	
  protected void initHandlerMethods() {
      if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
          logger.debug("Looking for request mappings in application context: " + getApplicationContext());
      }
      String[] beanNames = (this.detectHandlerMethodsInAncestorContexts ?
              BeanFactoryUtils.beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors(getApplicationContext(), Object.class) :
              getApplicationContext().getBeanNamesForType(Object.class));

      for (String name : beanNames) {
          if (!name.startsWith(SCOPED_TARGET_NAME_PREFIX) && isHandler(getApplicationContext().getType(name))) {
              detectHandlerMethods(name);
          }
      }
      handlerMethodsInitialized(getHandlerMethods());
  }

  protected boolean isHandler(Class<?> beanType) {
      return ((AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(beanType, Controller.class) != null) ||
              (AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(beanType, RequestMapping.class) != null));
  }

基本逻辑是：找到所有的Bean对象，如果beanName不以SCOPED_TARGET_NAME_PREFIX(scopedTarget)开始且BeanType有注解Controller或RequestMapping，则注册该Bean的Handler Method（handlerMethodsInitialized）：

	protected void detectHandlerMethods(final Object handler) {
		Class<?> handlerType =
				(handler instanceof String ? getApplicationContext().getType((String) handler) : handler.getClass());

		// Avoid repeated calls to getMappingForMethod which would rebuild RequestMappingInfo instances
		final Map<Method, T> mappings = new IdentityHashMap<Method, T>();
		final Class<?> userType = ClassUtils.getUserClass(handlerType);

		Set<Method> methods = HandlerMethodSelector.selectMethods(userType, new MethodFilter() {
			@Override
			public boolean matches(Method method) {
				T mapping = getMappingForMethod(method, userType);
				if (mapping != null) {
					mappings.put(method, mapping);
					return true;
				}
				else {
					return false;
				}
			}
		});

		for (Method method : methods) {
			registerHandlerMethod(handler, method, mappings.get(method));
		}
	}


	protected RequestMappingInfo getMappingForMethod(Method method, Class<?> handlerType) {
		RequestMappingInfo info = createRequestMappingInfo(method);
		if (info != null) {
			RequestMappingInfo typeInfo = createRequestMappingInfo(handlerType);
			if (typeInfo != null) {
				info = typeInfo.combine(info);
			}
		}
		return info;
	}

	private RequestMappingInfo createRequestMappingInfo(AnnotatedElement element) {
		RequestMapping requestMapping = AnnotatedElementUtils.findMergedAnnotation(element, RequestMapping.class);
		RequestCondition<?> condition = (element instanceof Class<?> ?
				getCustomTypeCondition((Class<?>) element) : getCustomMethodCondition((Method) element));
		return (requestMapping != null ? createRequestMappingInfo(requestMapping, condition) : null);
	}

遍历该Bean的所有方法，如果有注解RequestMapping，则为其封装为RequestMappingInfo对象，然后注册该方法到mappingRegistry。

获取HandlerExecutionChain：

  public final HandlerExecutionChain org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMapping#getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
      Object handler = getHandlerInternal(request);
      if (handler == null) {
          handler = getDefaultHandler();
      }
      if (handler == null) {
          return null;
      }
      // Bean name or resolved handler?
      if (handler instanceof String) {
          String handlerName = (String) handler;
          handler = getApplicationContext().getBean(handlerName);
      }

      HandlerExecutionChain executionChain = getHandlerExecutionChain(handler, request);
      if (CorsUtils.isCorsRequest(request)) {
          CorsConfiguration globalConfig = this.corsConfigSource.getCorsConfiguration(request);
          CorsConfiguration handlerConfig = getCorsConfiguration(handler, request);
          CorsConfiguration config = (globalConfig != null ? globalConfig.combine(handlerConfig) : handlerConfig);
          executionChain = getCorsHandlerExecutionChain(request, executionChain, config);
      }
      return executionChain;
  }

  protected HandlerMethod org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping#getHandlerInternal(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
          String lookupPath = getUrlPathHelper().getLookupPathForRequest(request);
          HandlerMethod handlerMethod = lookupHandlerMethod(lookupPath, request);
          return (handlerMethod != null ? handlerMethod.createWithResolvedBean() : null)
      }

首先通过前面注册的RequestMappingHandlerMapping，调用它的getHandler，然后调用getHandlerInternal，从mappingRegistry中获取HandlerMethod（包括Bean及目标Method）.然后组合HandlerMethod和目标HandlerInterceptor为HandlerExecutionChain：

protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandlerExecutionChain(Object handler, HttpServletRequest request) {
	HandlerExecutionChain chain = (handler instanceof HandlerExecutionChain ?
			(HandlerExecutionChain) handler : new HandlerExecutionChain(handler));

	String lookupPath = this.urlPathHelper.getLookupPathForRequest(request);
	for (HandlerInterceptor interceptor : this.adaptedInterceptors) {
		if (interceptor instanceof MappedInterceptor) {
			MappedInterceptor mappedInterceptor = (MappedInterceptor) interceptor;
			if (mappedInterceptor.matches(lookupPath, this.pathMatcher)) {
				chain.addInterceptor(mappedInterceptor.getInterceptor());
			}
		}
		else {
			chain.addInterceptor(interceptor);
		}
	}
	return chain;
}

3 . handlerAdapters的由来
- 同handlerMappings的初始化逻辑：

private void initHandlerAdapters(ApplicationContext context) {
	this.handlerAdapters = null;

	if (this.detectAllHandlerAdapters) {
		// Find all HandlerAdapters in the ApplicationContext, including ancestor contexts.
		Map<String, HandlerAdapter> matchingBeans =
				BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerAdapter.class, true, false);
		if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
			this.handlerAdapters = new ArrayList<HandlerAdapter>(matchingBeans.values());
			// We keep HandlerAdapters in sorted order.
			AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.handlerAdapters);
		}
}

加载HandlerAdapter的所有子类的Bean到handlerMappings。再看这些在哪里注入的：

与HandleMapper的加载过程类似，均在org.springframework.web.servlet.config.AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser#parse中：

RootBeanDefinition handlerAdapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);

handlerAdapterDef.setSource(source);
handlerAdapterDef.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE);
handlerAdapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("contentNegotiationManager", contentNegotiationManager);
handlerAdapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("webBindingInitializer", bindingDef);
handlerAdapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("messageConverters", messageConverters);
addRequestBodyAdvice(handlerAdapterDef);
addResponseBodyAdvice(handlerAdapterDef);

parserContext.registerComponent(new BeanComponentDefinition(handlerAdapterDef, handlerAdapterName));

下面以RequestMappingHandlerAdapter为例，说明HandlerAdapter处理逻辑：

public final boolean supports(Object handler) {
	return (handler instanceof HandlerMethod && supportsInternal((HandlerMethod) handler));
}

支持类型为HandlerMethod的Handler，这正是我们前面的RequestMappingHandlerMapping生成的Handler类型。其实这是一对组合使用的逻辑。继续看handle方法：org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter#handleInternal委托于org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter#handleInternal，再委托于invokeHandlerMethod方法：

protected ModelAndView invokeHandlerMethod(HttpServletRequest request,
	HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {
    ServletWebRequest webRequest = new ServletWebRequest(request, response);
    ServletInvocableHandlerMethod invocableMethod = createInvocableHandlerMethod(handlerMethod);
	invocableMethod.setHandlerMethodArgumentResolvers(this.argumentResolvers);
	invocableMethod.setHandlerMethodReturnValueHandlers(this.returnValueHandlers);
	invocableMethod.setDataBinderFactory(binderFactory);
	invocableMethod.setParameterNameDiscoverer(this.parameterNameDiscoverer)
    ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer = new ModelAndViewContainer();
	mavContainer.addAllAttributes(RequestContextUtils.getInputFlashMap(request));
	modelFactory.initModel(webRequest, mavContainer, invocableMethod);
	mavContainer.setIgnoreDefaultModelOnRedirect(this.ignoreDefaultModelOnRedirect);
    invocableMethod.invokeAndHandle(webRequest, mavContainer);
    return getModelAndView(mavContainer, modelFactory, webRequest);
}

封装handlerMethod为ServletInvocableHandlerMethod。复制参数（argumentResolvers和returnValueHandlers）。初始化ModelAndViewContainer（即包含Model和View的集合），最终调用invokeAndHandle方法。

public void invokeAndHandle(ServletWebRequest webRequest,
		ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, Object... providedArgs) throws Exception { 
	Object returnValue = invokeForRequest(webRequest, mavContainer, providedArgs);
	setResponseStatus(webRequest);
	if (returnValue == null) {
		if (isRequestNotModified(webRequest) || hasResponseStatus() || mavContainer.isRequestHandled()) {
			mavContainer.setRequestHandled(true);
			return;
		}
	}
	else if (StringUtils.hasText(this.responseReason)) {
		mavContainer.setRequestHandled(true);
		return;
	}
	mavContainer.setRequestHandled(false);
	try {
		this.returnValueHandlers.handleReturnValue(
				returnValue, getReturnValueType(returnValue), mavContainer, webRequest);
	}
	catch (Exception ex) {
		if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
			logger.trace(getReturnValueHandlingErrorMessage("Error handling return value", returnValue), ex);
		}
		throw ex;
	}
}
public Object invokeForRequest(NativeWebRequest request, ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
		Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
	Object[] args = getMethodArgumentValues(request, mavContainer, providedArgs);
	Object returnValue = doInvoke(args);
	return returnValue;
}

private Object[] getMethodArgumentValues(NativeWebRequest request, ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
	Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {

	MethodParameter[] parameters = getMethodParameters();
	Object[] args = new Object[parameters.length];
	for (int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {
		MethodParameter parameter = parameters[i];
		parameter.initParameterNameDiscovery(this.parameterNameDiscoverer);
		GenericTypeResolver.resolveParameterType(parameter, getBean().getClass());
		args[i] = resolveProvidedArgument(parameter, providedArgs);
		if (args[i] != null) {
			continue;
		}
		if (this.argumentResolvers.supportsParameter(parameter)) {
			try {
				args[i] = this.argumentResolvers.resolveArgument(
						parameter, mavContainer, request, this.dataBinderFactory);
				continue;
			}
			catch (Exception ex) {
				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
					logger.debug(getArgumentResolutionErrorMessage("Error resolving argument", i), ex);
				}
				throw ex;
			}
		}
		if (args[i] == null) {
			String msg = getArgumentResolutionErrorMessage("No suitable resolver for argument", i);
			throw new IllegalStateException(msg);
		}
	}
	return args;
}

首先执行controller，其中先进行参数值生成（比如@PathVariable，@RequestParam），再反射执行doInvoke实施controller,至此我们的业务代码被执行。

关于argumentResolvers工作原理参见4.

获取到返回值后，调用returnValueHandlers处理返回值：

public void handleReturnValue(Object returnValue, MethodParameter returnType,
		ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, NativeWebRequest webRequest) throws Exception {
        HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler handler = selectHandler(returnValue, returnType);
	Assert.notNull(handler, "Unknown return value type [" + returnType.getParameterType().getName() + "]");
	handler.handleReturnValue(returnValue, returnType, mavContainer, webRequest);
}

private HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler selectHandler(Object value, MethodParameter returnType) {
	boolean isAsyncValue = isAsyncReturnValue(value, returnType);
	for (HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler handler : this.returnValueHandlers) {
		if (isAsyncValue && !(handler instanceof AsyncHandlerMethodReturnValueHandler)) {
			continue;
		}
		if (handler.supportsReturnType(returnType)) {
			return handler;
		}
	}
	return null;
}

4 . argumentResolvers工作原理 - 加载：在org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter#afterPropertiesSet：

public void afterPropertiesSet() {
		// Do this first, it may add ResponseBody advice beans
	initControllerAdviceCache();

	if (this.argumentResolvers == null) {
		List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> resolvers = getDefaultArgumentResolvers();
		this.argumentResolvers = new HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite().addResolvers(resolvers);
	}
	
	if (this.returnValueHandlers == null) {
		List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> handlers = getDefaultReturnValueHandlers();
		this.returnValueHandlers = new HandlerMethodReturnValueHandlerComposite().addHandlers(handlers);
	}
}
private List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> getDefaultArgumentResolvers() {
	List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> resolvers = new ArrayList<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver>();

	// Annotation-based argument resolution
	resolvers.add(new RequestParamMethodArgumentResolver(getBeanFactory(), false));
	resolvers.add(new RequestParamMapMethodArgumentResolver());
	resolvers.add(new PathVariableMethodArgumentResolver());
	resolvers.add(new PathVariableMapMethodArgumentResolver());
	resolvers.add(new MatrixVariableMethodArgumentResolver());
	resolvers.add(new MatrixVariableMapMethodArgumentResolver());
	...

下面选择org.springframework.web.method.annotation.RequestParamMethodArgumentResolver说明解决过程：

RequestParamMethodArgumentResolver故名思议是解决RequestParam注解的参数。
supportsParameter方法判断参数是否包含注解RequestParam：

public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter) { Class<?> paramType = parameter.getParameterType(); if (parameter.hasParameterAnnotation(RequestParam.class)) { if (Map.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) { String paramName = parameter.getParameterAnnotation(RequestParam.class).name(); return StringUtils.hasText(paramName); } else { return true; } } … }

resolveName方法获取参数实际值：

	protected Object resolveName(String name, MethodParameter parameter, NativeWebRequest webRequest) throws Exception {
		HttpServletRequest servletRequest = webRequest.getNativeRequest(HttpServletRequest.class);
		MultipartHttpServletRequest multipartRequest =
				WebUtils.getNativeRequest(servletRequest, MultipartHttpServletRequest.class);
		Object arg;
		...
		else {
			if (arg == null) {
				String[] paramValues = webRequest.getParameterValues(name);
				if (paramValues != null) {
					arg = (paramValues.length == 1 ? paramValues[0] : paramValues);
				}
			}
		}

		return arg;
	}

基本就是从HttpServletRequest中获取值。 5 . returnValueHandlers工作原理 - 加载：在org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter#afterPropertiesSet：

	private List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> getDefaultReturnValueHandlers() {
		List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> handlers = new ArrayList<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler>();

		// Single-purpose return value types
		handlers.add(new ModelAndViewMethodReturnValueHandler());
		handlers.add(new ModelMethodProcessor());
		handlers.add(new ViewMethodReturnValueHandler());
		handlers.add(new ResponseBodyEmitterReturnValueHandler(getMessageConverters()));
		handlers.add(new StreamingResponseBodyReturnValueHandler());
		handlers.add(new HttpEntityMethodProcessor(getMessageConverters(),
				this.contentNegotiationManager, this.requestResponseBodyAdvice));
		handlers.add(new HttpHeadersReturnValueHandler());
		handlers.add(new CallableMethodReturnValueHandler());
		handlers.add(new DeferredResultMethodReturnValueHandler());
		handlers.add(new AsyncTaskMethodReturnValueHandler(this.beanFactory));
		handlers.add(new ListenableFutureReturnValueHandler());
		if (completionStagePresent) {
			handlers.add(new CompletionStageReturnValueHandler());
		}

		// Annotation-based return value types
		handlers.add(new ModelAttributeMethodProcessor(false));
		handlers.add(new RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor(getMessageConverters(),
				this.contentNegotiationManager, this.requestResponseBodyAdvice));

		// Multi-purpose return value types
		handlers.add(new ViewNameMethodReturnValueHandler());
		handlers.add(new MapMethodProcessor());

预置大量的ReturnValueHandler，下面以ViewNameMethodReturnValueHandler和RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor为例。

ViewNameMethodReturnValueHandler：

支持返回类型为Void或者CharSequence,然后设置ModelAndViewContainer的·viewname，见org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ViewNameMethodReturnValueHandler：

  public boolean supportsReturnType(MethodParameter returnType) {
      Class<?> paramType = returnType.getParameterType();
      return (void.class == paramType || CharSequence.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType));
  }

  @Override
  public void handleReturnValue(Object returnValue, MethodParameter returnType,
          ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, NativeWebRequest webRequest) throws Exception {

      if (returnValue instanceof CharSequence) {
          String viewName = returnValue.toString();
          mavContainer.setViewName(viewName);
          if (isRedirectViewName(viewName)) {
              mavContainer.setRedirectModelScenario(true);
          }
      }
      else if (returnValue != null){
          // should not happen
          throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unexpected return type: " +
                  returnType.getParameterType().getName() + " in method: " + returnType.getMethod());
      }
  }

  protected boolean isRedirectViewName(String viewName) {
      return (PatternMatchUtils.simpleMatch(this.redirectPatterns, viewName) || viewName.startsWith("redirect:"));
  }

中间穿插了如果returnValue以”redirect:”开头，则视为页面跳转setRedirectModelScenario。完了，后面的页面渲染是给org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver解决的。

org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor

此返回值处理器是响应没有页面需要渲染，直接返回给客户端，比如json，xml,字符串等格式。支持返回包含注解ResponseBody，然后委托各种不同类型HttpMessageConverter处理：

  public boolean supportsReturnType(MethodParameter returnType) {
      return (AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(returnType.getContainingClass(), ResponseBody.class) != null ||
              returnType.getMethodAnnotation(ResponseBody.class) != null);
  }

  public void handleReturnValue(Object returnValue, MethodParameter returnType,
          ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, NativeWebRequest webRequest)
          throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {

      mavContainer.setRequestHandled(true);

      // Try even with null return value. ResponseBodyAdvice could get involved.
      writeWithMessageConverters(returnValue, returnType, webRequest);
  }

  protected <T> void writeWithMessageConverters(T returnValue, MethodParameter returnType, NativeWebRequest webRequest)
      throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {

      ServletServerHttpRequest inputMessage = createInputMessage(webRequest);
      ServletServerHttpResponse outputMessage = createOutputMessage(webRequest);
      writeWithMessageConverters(returnValue, returnType, inputMessage, outputMessage);
  }
	
  protected <T> void writeWithMessageConverters(T returnValue, MethodParameter returnType,
              ServletServerHttpRequest inputMessage, ServletServerHttpResponse outputMessage)
              throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {
	
          ...
          if (selectedMediaType != null) {
              selectedMediaType = selectedMediaType.removeQualityValue();
              for (HttpMessageConverter<?> messageConverter : this.messageConverters) {
                  if (messageConverter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter) {
                      if (((GenericHttpMessageConverter<T>) messageConverter).canWrite(returnValueType,
                              returnValueClass, selectedMediaType)) {
                          returnValue = (T) getAdvice().beforeBodyWrite(returnValue, returnType, selectedMediaType,
                                  (Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>>) messageConverter.getClass(),
                                  inputMessage, outputMessage);
                          if (returnValue != null) {
                              ((GenericHttpMessageConverter<T>) messageConverter).write(returnValue,
                                      returnValueType, selectedMediaType, outputMessage);
                              if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                                  logger.debug("Written [" + returnValue + "] as \"" +
                                          selectedMediaType + "\" using [" + messageConverter + "]");
                              }
                          }
                          return;
                      }
                  }
                  ...
              }
          }
	
          if (returnValue != null) {
              throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(this.allSupportedMediaTypes);
          }
      }

注意这里已经把结果返回给客户端，后面不再处理。固需要执行方法：mavContainer.setRequestHandled(true);。标记请求已经被处理。

`messageConverters`工作原理见6。

6 . messageConverters工作原理

``` - 加载在前面说到的org.springframework.web.servlet.config.AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser#parse中RequestMappingHandlerAdapter的初始化有handlerAdapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("messageConverters", messageConverters);的注入。

	private ManagedList<?> getMessageConverters(Element element, Object source, ParserContext parserContext) {
		Element convertersElement = DomUtils.getChildElementByTagName(element, "message-converters");
		ManagedList<? super Object> messageConverters = new ManagedList<Object>();
		if (convertersElement != null) {
			messageConverters.setSource(source);
			for (Element beanElement : DomUtils.getChildElementsByTagName(convertersElement, "bean", "ref")) {
				Object object = parserContext.getDelegate().parsePropertySubElement(beanElement, null);
				messageConverters.add(object);
			}
		}
	if (convertersElement == null || Boolean.valueOf(convertersElement.getAttribute("register-defaults"))) {
		messageConverters.setSource(source);
		messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter.class, source));
		RootBeanDefinition stringConverterDef = createConverterDefinition(StringHttpMessageConverter.class, source);
		stringConverterDef.getPropertyValues().add("writeAcceptCharset", false);
		messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(ResourceHttpMessageConverter.class, source));
		messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(SourceHttpMessageConverter.class, source));
		messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter.class, source));
		if (romePresent) {
			messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter.class, source));
			messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(RssChannelHttpMessageConverter.class, source));
		}
		if (jackson2XmlPresent) {
			RootBeanDefinition jacksonConverterDef = createConverterDefinition(MappingJackson2XmlHttpMessageConverter.class, source);
			GenericBeanDefinition jacksonFactoryDef = createObjectMapperFactoryDefinition(source);
			jacksonFactoryDef.getPropertyValues().add("createXmlMapper", true);
			jacksonConverterDef.getConstructorArgumentValues().addIndexedArgumentValue(0, jacksonFactoryDef);
			messageConverters.add(jacksonConverterDef);
		}
		else if (jaxb2Present) {
			messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter.class, source));
		}
		if (jackson2Present) {
			RootBeanDefinition jacksonConverterDef = createConverterDefinition(MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter.class, source);
			GenericBeanDefinition jacksonFactoryDef = createObjectMapperFactoryDefinition(source);
			jacksonConverterDef.getConstructorArgumentValues().addIndexedArgumentValue(0, jacksonFactoryDef);
			messageConverters.add(jacksonConverterDef);
		}
		else if (gsonPresent) {
			messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(GsonHttpMessageConverter.class, source));
		}
	}
	return messageConverters;
	}

	private static final boolean jackson2Present =
		ClassUtils.isPresent("com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper", AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser.class.getClassLoader()) &&
				ClassUtils.isPresent("com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator", AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser.class.getClassLoader());

这里如果没有在xml明确定义message-converters元素，那么会提供默认值，本项目是用的jackson，Spring是判断classpath是否存在类com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper来判断是否启用jackson消息转换，我们有配置，故提供MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter作为Json返回值的处理器。而同时在RequestMappingHandlerAdapter构造函数中提供4个预置的消息处理器。

public RequestMappingHandlerAdapter() {
	StringHttpMessageConverter stringHttpMessageConverter = new StringHttpMessageConverter();
	stringHttpMessageConverter.setWriteAcceptCharset(false);  // see SPR-7316
	this.messageConverters = new ArrayList<HttpMessageConverter<?>>(4);
	this.messageConverters.add(new ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter());
	this.messageConverters.add(stringHttpMessageConverter);
	this.messageConverters.add(new SourceHttpMessageConverter<Source>());
	this.messageConverters.add(new AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter());
}

预置的处理器都很简单，比如：
org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter：支持返回值为String,直接写该字符串到流中
org.springframework.http.converter.ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter：支持返回值byte[]，写到response中其他MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter基本类似。不再说明。 ```

7 . viewResolvers工作原理

加载逻辑等同于HandleMapper和HandleAdapter,加载所有org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver的子类Bean到viewResolvers，如果不存在，则加载默认配置。

private void initViewResolvers(ApplicationContext context) {
	this.viewResolvers = null;
	if (this.detectAllViewResolvers) {
		// Find all ViewResolvers in the ApplicationContext, including ancestor contexts.
		Map<String, ViewResolver> matchingBeans =
				BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, ViewResolver.class, true, false);
		if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
			this.viewResolvers = new ArrayList<ViewResolver>(matchingBeans.values());
			// We keep ViewResolvers in sorted order.
			AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.viewResolvers);
		}
	}
	...
	}

本项目我们是明确配置的viewResolver：

	<beans:bean
		class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<beans:property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
		<beans:property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
	</beans:bean>

ViewResolver有大量的子类，由于处理不同的引擎，比如： org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver：jsp
org.springframework.web.servlet.view.velocity.VelocityViewResolver: Velocity 基本逻辑都差不多，如果是jsp，使用jstl的标准逻辑forword等方法，如果其他的模板引擎，则自己解析，响应到response中即可。比如org.springframework.web.servlet.view.velocity.VelocityViewResolver:

	public View org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractCachingViewResolver#resolveViewName(String viewName, Locale locale) throws Exception {
		if (!isCache()) {
			return createView(viewName, locale);
		}
		...
	}

	protected View createView(String viewName, Locale locale) throws Exception {
		return loadView(viewName, locale);
	}
	
	protected View org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver#loadView(String viewName, Locale locale) throws Exception {
		AbstractUrlBasedView view = buildView(viewName);
		View result = applyLifecycleMethods(viewName, view);
		return (view.checkResource(locale) ? result : null);
	}
	
	protected AbstractUrlBasedView org.springframework.web.servlet.view.velocity.VelocityViewResolver#buildView(String viewName) throws Exception {
		VelocityView view = (VelocityView) super.buildView(viewName);
		view.setDateToolAttribute(this.dateToolAttribute);
		view.setNumberToolAttribute(this.numberToolAttribute);
		if (this.toolboxConfigLocation != null) {
			((VelocityToolboxView) view).setToolboxConfigLocation(this.toolboxConfigLocation);
		}
		return view;
	}

就是最终调用buildView，返回org.springframework.web.servlet.view.velocity.VelocityView。最终在VelocityView中：

	protected void doRender(Context context, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Rendering Velocity template [" + getUrl() + "] in VelocityView '" + getBeanName() + "'");
		}
		mergeTemplate(getTemplate(), context, response);
	}

	protected void mergeTemplate(
	Template template, Context context, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {

		try {
			template.merge(context, response.getWriter());
		}
		catch (MethodInvocationException ex) {
			Throwable cause = ex.getWrappedThrowable();
			throw new NestedServletException(
					"Method invocation failed during rendering of Velocity view with name '" +
					getBeanName() + "': " + ex.getMessage() + "; reference [" + ex.getReferenceName() +
					"], method '" + ex.getMethodName() + "'",
					cause==null ? ex : cause);
		}
	}

最终委托于Velocity的merge方法中。直接把渲染后的模板写到客户端。