实体是Employee和Department,它们之间是多对一的关系。
Department类:
public class Department {
private int id;
private String name;
public Department() {
}
public Department(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
// getters and setters are omitted
}
Employee类:
public class Employee {
private int id;
private String name;
private Department department;
public Employee() {
}
public Employee(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
// getters and setters are omitted
Department.hbm.xml:
<hibernate-mapping
package="com.john.myhibernate.domain">
<class name="Department">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name" length="20" not-null="true"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
Employee.hbm.xml:
<hibernate-mapping package="com.john.myhibernate.domain">
<class name="Employee">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name" length="20" not-null="true"/>
<many-to-one name="department" column="department_id" class="Department" fetch="select"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
many-to-one没有inverse属性,因为关系的维护是many的一方,不可能放弃对关系的维护。
many-to-one的lazy属性有三个取值:false, proxy, no-proxy。
1. 测试cascade属性:
public void testSaveCascade() {
Session s = null;
Transaction tx = null;
Department depart = new Department();
depart.setName("FCI");
Employee em1 = new Employee("John");
em1.setDepartment(depart);
Employee em2 = new Employee("Lucy");
em2.setDepartment(depart);
try {
s = HibernateUtil.getSession();
tx = s.beginTransaction();
s.save(em1);
s.save(em2);
tx.commit();
} catch (HibernateException e) {
tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (s != null)
s.close();
}
}
结果是报org.hibernate.TransientObjectException异常,因为没有保存Department实例。
可以加cascade属性,解决问题:
<many-to-one name="department" column="department_id" class="Department" fetch="select" cascade="save-update"/>
2. 测试fetch
Session s = null;
s = HibernateUtil.getSession();
Employee em = (Employee) s.get(Employee.class, 2);
System.out.println(em.getName());
System.out.println(em.getDepartment());
查询语句如下:
Hibernate: select employee0_.id as id1_0_, employee0_.name as name1_0_, employee0_.department as department1_0_, employee0_.skill as skill1_0_, employee0_.sell as sell1_0_, employee0_.type as type1_0_ from Employee employee0_ where employee0_.id=?
Hibernate: select department0_.id as id0_0_, department0_.name as name0_0_ from Department department0_ where department0_.id=?
因为fetch设置为select,所以对每个实体,都分别用一个SELECT语句
如果把fetch设置为join,也就是连表查询,只使用一个SELECT语句。如下:
Hibernate: select employee0_.id as id1_1_, employee0_.name as name1_1_, employee0_.department as department1_1_, employee0_.skill as skill1_1_, employee0_.sell as sell1_1_, employee0_.type as type1_1_, department1_.id as id0_0_, department1_.name as name0_0_ from Employee employee0_ left outer join Department department1_ on employee0_.department=department1_.id where employee0_.id=?
3. 测试lazy
当fetch为select时,设置lazy为proxy或者no-proxy。
<many-to-one name="department" column="department_id" class="Department" fetch="select" cascade="save-update" lazy="no-proxy"/>
Session s = null;
s = HibernateUtil.getSession();
Employee em = (Employee) s.get(Employee.class, 2);
s.close();
System.out.println(em.getName());
System.out.println(em.getDepartment());
结果是报org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException异常。
因为fetch为select,而且lazy为proxy或者no-proxy,所以开始仅仅查询Employee,当需要用SELECT语句查询Department时,Session已经关闭。
解决办法:
1. 设置lazy为false,hibernate会第一时间把Employee和Department查询出来。
如果fetch为select,使用两个SELECT查询语句。
如果fetch为join,使用一个SELECT连表查询语句。
2. 设置fetch为join,这时不管lazy的取值,hibernate会进行连表查询,把两个实体都查询出来。
注:本文转自网页 http://czj4451.iteye.com/blog/1625965