chromium源码阅读(1)-引用计数

引用计数是诸多技术的基础，设计上基本如出一辙，chromium智能指针的设计原理也基本类似，不过更为精巧。
1) 抽象出引用计数的基类，避免模板膨胀的问题
![这里写图片描述](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20150328115112897)
2) 线程安全的引用计数

template <class T, typename Traits> class RefCountedThreadSafe;

// Default traits for RefCountedThreadSafe<T>.  Deletes the object when its ref count reaches 0.  Overload to delete it on a different thread etc.
template<typename T>
struct DefaultRefCountedThreadSafeTraits {
    static void Destruct(const T* x) {
    // Delete through RefCountedThreadSafe to make child classes only need to be friend with RefCountedThreadSafe instead of this struct, which is an implementation detail.
        RefCountedThreadSafe<T,     DefaultRefCountedThreadSafeTraits>::DeleteInternal(x);
        }
    };

template <class T, typename Traits = DefaultRefCountedThreadSafeTraits<T> >
class RefCountedThreadSafe : public subtle::RefCountedThreadSafeBase {
    public:
        RefCountedThreadSafe() {}

        void AddRef() const {
            subtle::RefCountedThreadSafeBase::AddRef();
        }

        void Release() const {
        if (subtle::RefCountedThreadSafeBase::Release()) {
                Traits::Destruct(static_cast<const T*>(this));
            }
        }

    protected:
        ~RefCountedThreadSafe() {}

    private:
        friend struct DefaultRefCountedThreadSafeTraits<T>;
        static void DeleteInternal(const T* x) { delete x; }

        DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(RefCountedThreadSafe);
    };

为避免线程问题，基于线程安全的引用计数提供了一种Traits模式，允许用户在引用计数为零时定制其行为，更好的实现用户的使用意图。比如，在引用计数达到0时，用户可能希望通知其它线程完成对象的清理，以保证对象的安全。这种策略在chromium的代码有较多的应用。
3、引用计数类的使用示例

    class MyFoo : public base::RefCounted<MyFoo> {
    ...
    private:
       friend class base::RefCounted<MyFoo>;
       ~MyFoo();
    };

注意：
1、使用时需要将析构函数设为私有函数，防止外部直接delete，使得对象的声明周期难以管理和控制。
2、将引用计数类声明为友元类，以便于引用计数类可以访问析构函数。