Flask 使用小结

Flask 使用小结

2016-08-15  Python开发者

来源：伯乐在线专栏作者 - wklken

链接：http://python.jobbole.com/84003/

flask 使用的一些整理

---

最简单的hello world

#!/usr/bin/env python
# encoding: utf-8
 
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
 
@app.route('/')
def index():
    return'hello world'
 
if__name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)
    #app.run(host='127.0.0.1', port=8000)

之后，访问http://localhost:5000

支持post/get提交

@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])

多个url指向

@app.route('/')

@app.route('/index')

不管post/get使用统一的接收

from flask import request
args = request.args if request.method == 'GET'else request.form
a = args.get('a','default')

处理json请求

request的header中

"Content-Type": "application/json"

处理时:

data = request.get_json(silent=False)

获取post提交中的checkbox

{%forpageinpages %}

<tr><td><inputtype=checkboxname=do_deletevalue="{{ page['id'] }}"></td><td>

{%endfor%}

 

page_ids = request.form.getlist("do_delete")

使用url中的参数

@app.route('/query/<qid>/')
def query(qid):
    pass

在request开始结束dosomething

一般可以处理数据库连接等等

from flask import g
 
app = .....
 
@app.before_request
def before_request():
    g.session = create_session()
 
@app.teardown_request
def teardown_request(exception):
    g.session.close()

注册Jinja2模板中使用的过滤器

@app.template_filter('reverse')
defreverse_filter(s):
    returns[::-1]

或者

def reverse_filter(s):
    returns[::-1]
app.jinja_env.filters['reverse'] = reverse_filter

可以这么用

defa():...
defb():...
 
FIL = {'a':a,'b':b}
app.jinja_env.filters.update(FIL)

注册Jinja2模板中使用的全局变量

JINJA2_GLOBALS = {'MEDIA_PREFIX':'/media/'}
app.jinja_env.globals.update(JINJA2_GLOBALS)

定义应用使用的template和static目录

app = Flask(__name__, template_folder=settings.TEMPLATE_FOLDER, static_folder = settings.STATIC_PATH)

使用Blueprint

from flask import Blueprint
bp_test = Blueprint('test',__name__)
#bp_test = Blueprint('test', __name__, url_prefix='/abc')
 
@bp_test.route('/')
 
--------
from xxx import bp_test
 
app = Flask(__name__)
app.register_blueprint(bp_test)

实例:

bp_video = Blueprint('video',__name__,url_prefix='/kw_news/video')
@bp_video.route('/search/category/',methods=['POST','GET'])
#注意这种情况下Blueprint中url_prefix不能以 '/' 结尾, 否则404

使用session

包装cookie实现的，没有session id

app.secret_key = 'PS#yio`%_!((f_or(%)))s'
 
# 然后
from flask import session
 
session['somekey'] = 1
session.pop('logged_in',None)
 
session.clear()
 
#过期时间,通过cookie实现的
fromd atetime import timedelta
session.permanent = True
app.permanent_session_lifetime = timedelta(minutes=5)

反向路由

from flask import url_for,render_template
 
@app.route("/")
def home():
    login_uri = url_for("login",next=url_for("home"))
    return render_template("home.html", **locals())

上传文件

<formaction="/image/upload/"method="post"enctype="multipart/form-data">

<inputtype="file"name="upload" />

接收

f = request.files.get('upload')
img_data = f.read()

直接返回某个文件

return send_file(settings.TEMPLATE_FOLDER + 'tweet/tweet_list.html')

请求重定向

文档（http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/api/#flask.redirect）

flask.redirect(location, code=302) the redirect status code. defaults to 302.Supported codes are 301, 302, 303, 305, and 307. 300 is not supported.

@app.route('/')
def hello():
    return redirect(url_for('foo'))
 
@app.route('/foo')
def foo():
    return 'Hello Foo!'

获取用户真实ip

从request.headers获取

real_ip = request.headers.get('X-Real-Ip', request.remote_addr)

或者, 使用werkzeug的middleware 文档

from werkzeug.contrib.fixers import ProxyFix
app.wsgi_app = ProxyFix(app.wsgi_app)

return json & jsonp

import json
from flask import jsonify,Response,json
 
data = []# or others
return jsonify(ok=True,data=data)
 
jsonp_callback =  request.args.get('callback','')
if jsonp_callback:
    return Response(
            "%s(%s);" % (jsonp_callback,json.dumps({'ok':True,'data':data})),
            mimetype="text/javascript"
            )
return ok_jsonify(data)

配置读取方法

# create our little application :)
app = Flask(__name__)
 
# Load default config and override config from an environment variable
app.config.update(dict(
    DATABASE='/tmp/flaskr.db',
    DEBUG=True,
    SECRET_KEY='development key',
    USERNAME='admin',
    PASSWORD='default'
))
app.config.from_envvar('FLASKR_SETTINGS',silent=True)
 
------------------
# configuration
DATABASE = '/tmp/minitwit.db'
PER_PAGE = 30
DEBUG = True
SECRET_KEY = 'development key'
 
# create our little application :)
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(__name__)
app.config.from_envvar('MINITWIT_SETTINGS',silent=True)

几个不常用的方法

from flask import abort,flash
 
abort
if not session.get('logged_in'):
    abort(401)
 
flash
flash('New entry was successfully posted')

异步调用

想在flask的一个请求中处理异步, 除了使用消息系统, 可以用简单的线程处理

from threading import Thread
 
def async(f):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        thr = Thread(target=f,args=args,kwargs=kwargs)
        thr.start()
    return wrapper
 
@async
def dosomething(call_args):
    printcall_args
 
inarequesthandler,call`dosomething`

error handler

@app.errorhandler(404)
def not_found_error(error):
    return render_template('404.html'),404
 
@app.errorhandler(500)
def internal_error(error):
    db.session.rollback()
    return render_template('500.html'),500

项目配置

1.直接

app.config['HOST']='xxx.a.com'
print app.config.get('HOST')

2.环境变量

exportMyAppConfig=/path/to/settings.cfg
app.config.from_envvar('MyAppConfig')

3.对象

class Config(object):
    DEBUG = False
    TESTING = False
    DATABASE_URI = 'sqlite://:memory:'
 
class ProductionConfig(Config):
    DATABASE_URI = 'mysql://user@localhost/foo'
 
app.config.from_object(ProductionConfig)
print app.config.get('DATABASE_URI')# mysql://user@localhost/foo

4.文件

# default_config.py
HOST = 'localhost'
PORT = 5000
DEBUG = True
 
app.config.from_pyfile('default_config.py')

EG. 一个create_app方法

from flask import Flask,g
 
def create_app(debug=settings.DEBUG):
    app = Flask(__name__,
                template_folder=settings.TEMPLATE_FOLDER,
                static_folder=settings.STATIC_FOLDER)
 
    app.register_blueprint(bp_test)
 
    app.jinja_env.globals.update(JINJA2_GLOBALS)
    app.jinja_env.filters.update(JINJA2_FILTERS)
 
    app.secret_key = 'PO+_)(*&678OUIJKKO#%_!(((%)))'
 
    @app.before_request
    defbefore_request():
        g.xxx = ...    #do some thing
 
    @app.teardown_request
    defteardown_request(exception):
        g.xxx = ...    #do some thing
 
    returnapp
 
app = create_app(settings.DEBUG)
host=settings.SERVER_IP
port=settings.SERVER_PORT
app.run(host=host,port=port)