黑马程序员________Java中UDP和TCP网络编程学习笔记

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         网络通信需要四个通信层，分别是应用层（http、ftp）、传输层（tcp、udp）、网际层（IP）、主机到网络物理层。

        UDP协议将数据及源和目的封装成数据包中，不需要建立连接，每个数据包的大小限制在64k内，因为无连接，所以是不可靠的协议。但同样因为不需要建立连接，所以速度较快。而TCP协议，需要建立连接，形成传输数据的通道。在连接中进行大数据量传输。因为在通信前必须通过三次握手万恒连接，所以是可靠协议。但是也同样因为必须建立连接，所以效率会稍低。

        我们要获取一个机器的对象可以用Ineti=InetAdress.getLocalHost()来获取本机对象，或者用Inet i=InetAdress.getByName(String name)来获取已知机器名的主机对象。

        Socket就是为网络服务提供的一种机制。通信的两端都有Socket，网络通信其实就是Socket间的通信。数据在两个Socket间通过IO传输。

        小练习，通过UDP传输方式，将一段文字数据发送出去。思路：1，建立updssocket服务。2，建立数据，并将数据封装到数据包中。3，通过socket服务的发送功能将数据包发送出去。4，关闭资源。具体代码如下

DatagramSocketds=new DatagramSocket();

 

byte[] buf=”hehhehhe”.getBytes();

DatagramPacketdp=

new DatagramPacket(buf,buf.length,InetAddress.getByName(“192.168.1.1”),10000);

         //封装了buf数组中所有长度的数据，目的主机为192.168.1.1，端口为10000

 

         ds.send(dp);

         ds.close();

        

         那么同样来定义一个应用程序用来接受UDP协议传输的数据并处理。思路：1，定义udpsocket服务,通常都会监听一个端口，其实就是给这个接受网络应用程序定义数字标识。2，定义一个数据包，因为要存储接受到的字节数据。因为数据包中有很多功能可以提取字节数据中的不同数据信息。3，通过socket服务的receive方法将受到的数据存入已经定义好的数据包中。通过数据包对象特有功能，将这些不同的数据取出。5，关闭资源。代码如下：

         DatagramSocketds=new DatagramSocket();

        

         byte[]buf=new byte[1024];

         DatagramPacketdp=new DatagramPacket(buf,buf.length);

 

         ds.receive(dp);

 

         Stringip=dp.getAddress().getHostAdress();

         Stringdata=new String(dp.getData(),0,dp.getLength());

         intport=dp.getPort();//获取端口

        

         ds.close();

 

 

 

 

        以下是自己做的一个UDP的聊天工具。当然是在机器名为MrGuo和Home的两台机器在局域网内的数据传输。

 

         以下是代码：

package myQQ;

import java.net.*;

import java.io.*;

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.*;

import java.text.*;

import java.util.*;

 

class MyQQ

{

         publicstatic void main(String[] args)  throwsException

         {

                   MyQQFramemyqq=new MyQQFrame();        

         }

}

 

 

class MyQQFrame

{

         MyQQFrame()

         {

                   init();

         }

 

         privateFrame frame;

         privateTextArea ta_sender;

         privateTextArea ta_receiver;

         privateButton button;

        

         privateDatagramSocket ds_sender;

         privateString talktime;

 

         publicvoid init()

         {

                   frame=newFrame("MyQQ");

                            frame.setVisible(true);

                            frame.setBounds(30,30,500,400);

                            frame.setLayout(newFlowLayout());

                   ta_sender=newTextArea(3,35);

                   ta_receiver=newTextArea(16,60);

                            ta_receiver.setEditable(false);

                   button=newButton("发送");

 

                   frame.add(ta_receiver);

                   frame.add(ta_sender);

                   frame.add(button);

 

                   try

                   {

                            ds_sender=newDatagramSocket();

                   }

                   catch(Exception e)

                   {

                            e.printStackTrace();

                   }

                   Datedate=new Date();

                   SimpleDateFormatsdf=new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm");

                   talktime=sdf.format(date);

                  

                  

                   setEvent();

                   startReceive();

                  

         }

        

        

        

        

         publicvoid startReceive()

         {

                   newThread(new Runnable(){    //将接受数据作为一个线程开启一直监听端口

                            publicvoid run()

                            {

                                     try

                                     {

                                               DatagramSocketds=new DatagramSocket(6777);

                                               while(true)

                                               {

                                               byte[]buf=new byte[1024];

                                               DatagramPacketdp=new DatagramPacket(buf,buf.length);

                                               ds.receive(dp);

                                               Stringname=dp.getAddress().getHostName();

                                               Stringdata=new String(dp.getData(),0,dp.getLength());

                                               ta_receiver.append(name+"     "+talktime+"\r\n\t"+data+"\r\n\r\n");

                                               }

                                     }

                                     catch(Exception e)

                                     {

                                               //System.out.println(e.toString());

                                     }

                            }

                   }).start();

         }

 

 

 

 

         publicvoid setEvent()

         {

                  

                  

                  

                   button.addActionListener(newActionListener()

                   {

                            publicvoid actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)

                            {

                                     try

                                     {

                                               byte[]buf=ta_sender.getText().getBytes();

                                               DatagramPacketdp=newDatagramPacket(buf,buf.length,InetAddress.getByName("Home"),6777);

        

                                               ds_sender.send(dp);                                   

                                               ta_receiver.append(InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostName()+"     "+talktime+"\r\n\t"+ta_sender.getText()+"\r\n\r\n");

                                               ta_sender.setText("");

                                     }

                                     catch(Exception ex)

                                     {

                                               System.out.println(ex.toString());

                                     }                

                            }

                   });

                  

                  

                   frame.addWindowListener(newWindowAdapter()

                   {

                            publicvoid windowClosing(WindowEvent e)

                            {

                                     System.exit(0);

                            }

                   });

         }

}

在家里和父母在各自的房间上网，可以用自己做的工具进行交流，还是比较有成就感的哈哈。

 

 

说完UDP接下来该说TCP协议了。TCP分客户端和服务端，分别对应的是Socket和ServerSocket。客户端创建Socket服务并制定连接的主机和端口。通过Socket获取输出流对象，然后通过流对象进行数据传输。

         Socket  soc=new Socket(“192.168.1.3”,8888);

         OutputStreamout=soc.getOutputStream();

         out.write(“需要传输的数据”.getBytes())

soc.close();

而服务端需要建立服务端ServerSocket并监听一个端口，然后通过accept方法（阻塞式方法）连接过来的客户端对象，使用该对象获取该对象的读取流来读取发过来的数据。

ServerSocketss=new ServerSocket(8888);

Sockets=ss.accept();

InputStreamin=s.getInputStream();

byte[] buf=newbyte[1024];

intlen=in.read(buf);

String info=newString(buf,0,len);

 

以下是一个服务端和客户端建立TCP连接的例子。客户端输入一个账号，服务器会校验是否为已知用户，并返回一个信息。

import java.net.*;

import java.io.*;

 

class LoadThread implements Runnable//服务器每接收一个socket就开启一个此线程

{

         privateSocket soc;

         LoadThread(Socketsoc)

         {

                   this.soc=soc;

         }

 

         publicvoid run()

         {

                   Stringip=soc.getInetAddress().getHostAddress();//获取对方IP

                   System.out.println(ip+"connect");

                   try

                   {

                            BufferedReaderbr=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(soc.getInputStream()));

                   BufferedWriterbw=new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(soc.getOutputStream()));

                   Stringinfo=br.readLine();//读取信息

                   if(info.equals("zhangsan"))//这里可以用一个文件来记录账号，并用流来读取，这里为了简单就假设只有一个账号为zhangsan

                   {

                            bw.write("登陆成功,欢迎您"+info);//返回的信息

                            bw.newLine();

                            bw.flush();

                            System.out.println("zhangsan登陆");

                   }

 

                  

                   else

                   {

                            bw.write(info+"不存在");

                            bw.newLine();

                            bw.flush();

                            System.out.println(info+"尝试登陆");//打印台上输出

                   }

                  

                   soc.close();

                   }

                   catch(Exception e)

                   {

                   }

         }

 

}

 

 

class Server//服务器

{

         publicstatic void main(String[] args)  throwsException

         {

                   ServerSocketsersoc=new ServerSocket(9003);//监听9003端口

                   while(true)

                   {

                            Socketsoc=sersoc.accept();//accept为阻塞方法，一旦接受到socket，立马交给线程操作，然后开始重新接受

                            newThread(new LoadThread(soc)).start();

 

                   }

         }

}

 

 

 

class Client

{

         publicstatic void main(String[] args)  throwsException

         {

                   Socketsoc=new Socket("192.168.1.3",9003);//发送目的

                   BufferedReaderbr=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

                   BufferedWriterbwOut=new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(soc.getOutputStream()));

                   Stringlen=br.readLine();

                   bwOut.write(len);

                   bwOut.newLine();

                   bwOut.flush();

                  

                   br.close();

                   soc.shutdownOutput();

 

                   BufferedReaderbrIn=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(soc.getInputStream()));

                   StringlenIn=brIn.readLine();

                   System.out.println(lenIn);

 

                   soc.close();

                  

         }

}