Calculate distance, bearing and more between Latitude/Longitude points——根据两点经纬度计算距离，角度及其他

最新推荐文章于 2022-12-02 16:31:56 发布

月光日光

最新推荐文章于 2022-12-02 16:31:56 发布

阅读量3.9k

点赞数 2

分类专栏：项目练习文章标签：经纬度距离相对角度

项目练习专栏收录该内容

2 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

相关链接1：http://www.sunearthtools.com/tools/distance.php#contents 该网站可直接计算（已知经纬度），可用来验证自己的算法是否正确。后面亦有公式

相关链接2：http://www.movable-type.co.uk/scripts/latlong.html 一些和经纬度有关的算法，同上。

java实现见下一篇：http://blog.csdn.net/xiaobai091220106/article/details/50879414

Distance

This uses the ‘haversine’ formula to calculate the great-circle distance between two points – that is, the shortest distance over the earth’s surface – giving an ‘as-the-crow-flies’ distance between the points (ignoring any hills they fly over, of course!).

Haversine
formula:

a = sin²(Δφ/2) + cos φ1 ⋅ cos φ2 ⋅ sin²(Δλ/2)
c = 2 ⋅ atan2( √a, √(1−a) )
d = R ⋅ c

where

φ is latitude, λ is longitude, R is earth’s radius (mean radius = 6,371km);
note that angles need to be in radians to pass to trig functions!

JavaScript:

var R = 6371000; // metres
var φ1 = lat1.toRadians();
var φ2 = lat2.toRadians();
var Δφ = (lat2-lat1).toRadians();
var Δλ = (lon2-lon1).toRadians();

var a = Math.sin(Δφ/2) * Math.sin(Δφ/2) +
        Math.cos(φ1) * Math.cos(φ2) *
        Math.sin(Δλ/2) * Math.sin(Δλ/2);
var c = 2 * Math.atan2(Math.sqrt(a), Math.sqrt(1-a));

var d = R * c;

Note in these scripts, I generally use lat/lon for latitude/longitude in degrees, and φ/λ for latitude/longitude in radians – having found that mixing degrees & radians is often the easiest route to head-scratching bugs...

Bearing

In general, your current heading will vary as you follow a great circle path (orthodrome); the final heading will differ from the initial heading by varying degrees according to distance and latitude (if you were to go from say 35°N,45°E (≈ Baghdad) to 35°N,135°E (≈ Osaka), you would start on a heading of 60° and end up on a heading of 120°!).

This formula is for the initial bearing (sometimes referred to as forward azimuth) which if followed in a straight line along a great-circle arc will take you from the start point to the end point:1

Formula:	θ = atan2( sin Δλ ⋅ cos φ2 , cos φ1 ⋅ sin φ2 − sin φ1 ⋅ cos φ2 ⋅ cos Δλ )
where	φ1,λ1 is the start point, φ2,λ2 the end point (Δλ is the difference in latitude)
JavaScript: (all angles in radians)	var y = Math.sin(λ2-λ1) * Math.cos(φ2); var x = Math.cos(φ1)Math.sin(φ2) - Math.sin(φ1)Math.cos(φ2)*Math.cos(λ2-λ1); var brng = Math.atan2(y, x).toDegrees();
Excel: (all angles in radians)	=ATAN2(COS(lat1)SIN(lat2)-SIN(lat1)COS(lat2)COS(lon2-lon1), SIN(lon2-lon1)COS(lat2)) *note that Excel reverses the arguments to ATAN2 – see notes below

Since atan2 returns values in the range -π ... +π (that is, -180° ... +180°), to normalise the result to a compass bearing (in the range 0° ... 360°, with −ve values transformed into the range 180° ... 360°), convert to degrees and then use (θ+360) % 360, where % is (floating point) modulo.

For final bearing, simply take the initial bearing from the end point to the start point and reverse it (using θ = (θ+180) % 360).