.net中使用XSLT转换xml文档

XSL即可扩展的样式表文件。 可以格式化xml的显示，也可以将xml转换成需要的另一种格式。

学习XSL必须熟悉XPath。XSL和XPath一样简单强大，容易学习。

1. XSL既然可以格式化xml的显示样式，我们先来看如何在xml中引用xsl文件

如下代码示例：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="url.xsl"?>

只需在xml文件的文档声明后面添加<?xml-stylesheet type=”text/xsl” href=”url.xsl”?>即可

2. XSL的格式

XSL也是一个标准的xml文件，它以xml文档声明开始，根元素必须是xsl:styleshee,同时根元素必须有version属性指定xsl的版本，和xmlns:xsl=” http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform”指定xsl命名空间，如下示例

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="encoding”?>

<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">

3. Xsl要点 如下示例xml

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<? xml  version = "1.0"  encoding = "utf-8"  ?> <? xml-stylesheet   type = "text/xsl"  href = "pets-templates.xsl" ?> < pets >    < pig  color = "blue"  weight = "100" >      < price >100</ price >      < desc >this is a blue pig</ desc >    </ pig >    < cat  color = "red"  weight = "9" >      < price >80</ price >      < desc >this is a red cat</ desc >    </ cat >    < dog  color = "green"  weight = "15" >      < price >80</ price >      < desc >this is a green dog</ desc >    </ dog >    < cat  color = "green"  weight = "15" >      < price >80</ price >      < desc >this is a green cat</ desc >    </ cat >        < dog  color = "blue"  weight = "10" >      < price >100</ price >      < desc >this is a blue dog</ desc >    </ dog >    < dog  color = "red"  weight = "9" >      < price >80</ price >      < desc >this is a red dog</ desc >    </ dog > </ pets >

上面的xml在通过xsl格式化之后的显示效果如下：

1） xsl:template定义匹配节点的转换模板,属性match=”xpath expression”用来定义模板匹配的元素

如下定义匹配根节点的模板

<xsl:template match=”/”>

</xsl:template>

2） xsl:for-each循环显示select=”xpath expression”选择节点的转换 (类似编程语言中的foreach语句),

如下示例,选择了pets下面的子元素，并循环显示子元素的几点名字：

<xsl:for-each select=”/pets/*”>

<xsl:value-of select=”name()”/>

</xsl:for-each>

3） xsl:if 元素条件显示节点（类似编程语言中的if语句）注意小于号大于号要分别用&lt;和&gt;替代

<xsl:if test=”@weight &lt; 10”>

<i>its weight is less than 10 km</i>

</xsl:if>

4） xsl:choose 多分支条件显示 （类似编程语言中的switch语句）

<xsl:choose >

 <xsl:when test=”name() = ‘pig’”>

<i>this is a pig</i>

 </xsl:when>

<xsl:otherwise>

  <i>this is not a pig</i>

</xsl:otherwise>

</xsl:choose>

5） xsl:value-of 显示选择节点或者属性的值

选择子节点price

<xsl:value-of select=”pets/*/price”/>

选择属性weight

<xsl:value-of select=”pets/*/@weight”/>

6） xsl:attribute 构造xml节点的属性

用来向节点添加属性，例如：

<font>

<xsl:attribute name=”color”><xsl:value-of select=”pets/*/@color”/></xsl:attribute>

</font>

将输出<font color=”red”></font>

7） xsl:apply-templates 应用模板

 如果xml文件结构比较复杂，可以定义多个template，然后使用<xsl:apply-templates>标签应用模板，xsl:apply-templates 可以指定属性select=”xpath”来选择应用的模板，或者不指定select表示选择当前节点的模板。

 请看下面示例xslt文件pets-templates.xsl

完整的示例xsl文件：pets.xsl

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<? xml  version = "1.0"  encoding = "utf-8" ?> < xsl:stylesheet  version = "1.0"        xmlns:xsl = "http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" >    < xsl:template  match = "/" >      < html >        < head >          < META  http-equiv = "Content-Type"  content = "text/html; charset=utf-8" />          < title >lovely pets</ title >          < style  type = "text/css" >            ul{margin:10px 0 10px 0;padding:0;width:400px;text-align:left;}            li{height:60px;display:block;list-style:none;padding:4px;border:1px solid #f0f0f0;margin:5px;}          </ style >        </ head >        < body >          < center >          < h1 >lovely pets</ h1 >          < ul >            < xsl:for-each  select = "pets/*" >              < li >                < img  align = "right" >                  < xsl:choose >                    < xsl:when  test = "name() = 'dog'" >                      < xsl:attribute  name = "src" >http://estar-tv.com/images/comprofiler/gallery/dog.gif</ xsl:attribute >                    </ xsl:when >                    < xsl:when  test = "name() = 'pig'" >                      < xsl:attribute  name = "src" >http://www.icosky.com/icon/thumbnails/Animal/Farm/Pig%20Icon.jpg</ xsl:attribute >                    </ xsl:when >                    < xsl:otherwise >                      < xsl:attribute  name = "src" >http://farm1.static.flickr.com/14/buddyicons/22211409@N00.jpg?1143660418</ xsl:attribute >                    </ xsl:otherwise >                  </ xsl:choose >                </ img >                < font >                  < xsl:attribute  name = "face" >Courier</ xsl:attribute >                  < xsl:attribute  name = "color" >                    < xsl:value-of  select = "@color" />                  </ xsl:attribute >                  < xsl:value-of  select = "name()" />                </ font > said: "< xsl:value-of  select = "desc" />"                weight:< xsl:value-of  select = "@weight" />                  < xsl:if  test = "@weight < 10" >                  < p >                    < i >its weight is less than 10 km</ i >                  </ p >                </ xsl:if >                  </ li >            </ xsl:for-each >          </ ul >          </ center >        </ body >      </ html >    </ xsl:template > </ xsl:stylesheet >

完整示例文件 pets-templates.xsl：

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<? xml  version = "1.0"  encoding = "utf-8" ?> < xsl:stylesheet  version = "1.0"        xmlns:xsl = "http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" >    < xsl:template  match = "/" >      < html >        < head >          < META  http-equiv = "Content-Type"  content = "text/html; charset=utf-8" />          < title >lovely pets</ title >          < style  type = "text/css" >            ul{margin:10px 0 10px 0;padding:0;width:400px;text-align:left;}            li{height:60px;display:block;list-style:none;padding:4px;border:1px solid #f0f0f0;margin:5px;}          </ style >        </ head >        < body >          < center >            < h1 >lovely pets</ h1 >            < ul >              < xsl:apply-templates  select = "pets"  />            </ ul >          </ center >        </ body >      </ html >    </ xsl:template >      < xsl:template  match = "pets" >         < xsl:apply-templates  select = "dog" ></ xsl:apply-templates >      < xsl:apply-templates  select = "pig" ></ xsl:apply-templates >      < xsl:apply-templates  select = "cat" ></ xsl:apply-templates >    </ xsl:template >      < xsl:template  match = "dog" >      < xsl:for-each  select = "." >        < li >          < img  align = "right" >            < xsl:attribute  name = "src" >http://estar-tv.com/images/comprofiler/gallery/dog.gif</ xsl:attribute >                   </ img >          < font >            < xsl:attribute  name = "face" >Courier</ xsl:attribute >            < xsl:attribute  name = "color" >              < xsl:value-of  select = "@color" />            </ xsl:attribute >            dog          </ font > said: "< xsl:value-of  select = "desc" />"          weight:< xsl:value-of  select = "@weight" />            < xsl:if  test = "@weight < 10" >            < p >              < i >its weight is less than 10 km</ i >            </ p >          </ xsl:if >        </ li >      </ xsl:for-each >    </ xsl:template >          < xsl:template  match = "pig" >      < xsl:for-each  select = "." >        < li >          < img  align = "right" >            < xsl:attribute  name = "src" >http://www.icosky.com/icon/thumbnails/Animal/Farm/Pig%20Icon.jpg</ xsl:attribute >          </ img >          < font >            < xsl:attribute  name = "face" >Courier</ xsl:attribute >            < xsl:attribute  name = "color" >              < xsl:value-of  select = "@color" />            </ xsl:attribute >            pig          </ font > said: "< xsl:value-of  select = "desc" />"          weight:< xsl:value-of  select = "@weight" />            < xsl:if  test = "@weight < 10" >            < p >              < i >its weight is less than 10 km</ i >            </ p >          </ xsl:if >        </ li >      </ xsl:for-each >    </ xsl:template >        < xsl:template  match = "cat" >      < xsl:for-each  select = "." >        < li >          < img  align = "right" >            < xsl:attribute  name = "src" >http://farm1.static.flickr.com/14/buddyicons/22211409@N00.jpg?1143660418</ xsl:attribute >          </ img >          < font >            < xsl:attribute  name = "face" >Courier</ xsl:attribute >            < xsl:attribute  name = "color" >              < xsl:value-of  select = "@color" />            </ xsl:attribute >            cat          </ font > said: "< xsl:value-of  select = "desc" />"          weight:< xsl:value-of  select = "@weight" />            < xsl:if  test = "@weight < 10" >            < p >              < i >its weight is less than 10 km</ i >            </ p >          </ xsl:if >        </ li >      </ xsl:for-each >    </ xsl:template >     </ xsl:stylesheet >

在c#.net中使用XslCompiledTransform转换xml文档，XslTransform也可以使用，但是这个类已经被微软标记为过时，最好不要再用了，如下代码示例：

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using  System; using  System.Collections.Generic; using  System.Linq; using  System.Text; using  System.IO; using  System.Xml;   namespace  UseXslt {      class  Program      {          static  void  Main( string [] args)          {              //声明XslTransform类实例              System.Xml.Xsl.XslCompiledTransform trans = new  System.Xml.Xsl.XslCompiledTransform();                string  xsltFile = @"X:\about.net\System.Xml\example\pets.xsl" ;              using  (StreamReader rdr = new  StreamReader(xsltFile))              {                  using  (XmlReader xmlRdr = XmlReader.Create(rdr))                  {                      //载入xsl文件                      trans.Load(xmlRdr);                  }              }              string  inputFile = @"X:\about.net\System.Xml\example\pets.xml" ;              string  outputFile = @"X:\about.net\System.Xml\example\pets-out.htm" ;              //转化源文件输出到输出文件outputFile              trans.Transform(inputFile, outputFile);          }      } }

有一点需要注意，使用XslCompiledTransform转换出来的文件，是一个html格式的，这个类会自动在html的head标签中添加一个未关闭的meta标签 <META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">；微软帮我们想的太多了。

Xslt还可以指定参数，定义变量，有关这些方面请查看相关文档。