今天学习了一下如何通过hibernate来实现对数据库的增删改查,下面来简单介绍一下:
首先创建个Student类:
package com.hibernate.model;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity
@Table(name = "_Teacher")
public class Teacher {
private int id;
private String name;
private int age;
private String birthPlace;
@Id
@GeneratedValue
@Column(name = "_id")
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
@Column(name = "_name")
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Column(name = "_age")
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Column(name = "_birthPlace")
public String getBirthPlace() {
return birthPlace;
}
public void setBirthPlace(String birthPlace) {
this.birthPlace = birthPlace;
}
}
然后创建个JUnit Test Case类型的TeacherTest:
先讲讲session.save()方法,也就是增:
package com.hibernate.model;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
public class TeacherTest {
public static SessionFactory sf = null;
@BeforeClass
public static void beforeClass(){
try{
sf = new AnnotationConfiguration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
//此处最好要获取一下异常,因为annotation有一个bug有时出现有时不出现
}
catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
finally{
}
}
@Test
public void testSave() {//增
Teacher t = new Teacher();
t.setAge(23);
t.setName("moluo");
t.setBirthPlace("huangshan");
Session session = sf.getCurrentSession();
session.beginTransaction();
session.save(t);
session.getTransaction().commit();
}
@AfterClass
public static void afterClass(){
sf.close();
}
}
亮结果:
再讲讲session.delete()方法,也就是删:
@Test
public void testDelete() {//删
Teacher t = new Teacher();
t.setId(2);
Session session = sf.getCurrentSession();
session.beginTransaction();
session.delete(t);
session.getTransaction().commit();
}
亮结果:
接着再来session.get(),也就是查:
@Test
public void testGet() {//get
Session session = sf.getCurrentSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Teacher t = (Teacher)session.get(Teacher.class, 1);
System.out.println("姓名为:"+t.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
}
亮结果:
Hibernate: select teacher0_._id as column1_1_0_, teacher0_._age as column2_1_0_, teacher0_._birthPlace as column3_1_0_, teacher0_._name as column4_1_0_ from _Teacher teacher0_ where teacher0_._id=?
姓名为:moluo
再来另一种查询方式:session.load():
@Test
public void testLoad() {//load
Session session = sf.getCurrentSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Teacher t = (Teacher)session.load(Teacher.class, 1);
System.out.println("姓名为:"+t.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
}
亮结果:
Hibernate: select teacher0_._id as column1_1_0_, teacher0_._age as column2_1_0_, teacher0_._birthPlace as column3_1_0_, teacher0_._name as column4_1_0_ from _Teacher teacher0_ where teacher0_._id=?
姓名为:moluo
这里解释一下这俩查询之间的区别:首先当要查询的对象不存在的时候,返回的信息是不同的。get方式会返回:java.lang.NullPointerException
load方式会返回:org.hibernate.ObjectNotFoundException: No row with the given identifier exists
其次,load返回的是代理对象,等真正用到的时候才会发出SQL语句;另外get是直接从数据库里加载数据,不存在延迟。
最后再讲讲最常用的更新方式,通过HQL语句来更新:
@Test
public void testUpdate() {//更新
Session session = sf.getCurrentSession();
session.beginTransaction();
String url = "update Teacher t set t.birthPlace = 'anhui' where id = 1";
//注意这里的Teacher必须是对象名字,而不是表名,t是对象的别名
Query q = session.createQuery(url);
//这里导入的包是:import org.hibernate.Query;
q.executeUpdate();
session.getTransaction().commit();
}
亮结果:
通过更新,把摩罗我的籍贯从黄山更新成安徽了....
其实本身有session.update()这个更新方法的,但只是这个更新方法如果你每次只更新一部分列的话,这种更新方式也会把所有列都更新一遍,效率不是太高,所以就不怎么提倡使用,当然也有弥补方式,比如如果使用的是xml的话,可以在配置文件中某个不想被更新的列的property标签里设置update = "false";另外也可以在配置文件的class后面设置动态更新:dynamic-update = "true";当然如果使用的是Annotation,可以在不想更新的列上设置@column(update = "false");其实这些都不灵活,使用HQL才是最好的,所以这里就只贴出HQL更新的代码。
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