Spring容器中定义Bean几种初始化方法和销毁方法

Spring 容器中的 Bean 是有生命周期的，Spring 允许 Bean 在初始化完成后以及销毁前执行特定的操作。下面是常用的三种指定特定操作的方法：

通过实现InitializingBean/DisposableBean 接口来定制初始化之后/销毁之前的操作方法；
通过<bean> 元素的 init-method/destroy-method属性指定初始化之后 /销毁之前调用的操作方法；
在指定方法上加上@PostConstruct或@PreDestroy注解来制定该方法是在初始化之后还是销毁之前调用。

这几种配置方式，执行顺序是怎样的呢？我们通过例子来研究下：

• Java类：

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class InitAndDestroySeqBean implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean
{
    public InitAndDestroySeqBean()
    {
        System.out.println("执行InitAndDestroySeqBean: 构造方法");
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void postConstruct()
    {
        System.out.println("执行InitAndDestroySeqBean: postConstruct");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception
    {
        System.out.println("执行InitAndDestroySeqBean: afterPropertiesSet");
    }

    public void initMethod()
    {
        System.out.println("执行InitAndDestroySeqBean: init-method");
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void preDestroy()
    {
        System.out.println("执行InitAndDestroySeqBean: preDestroy");
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() throws Exception
    {
        System.out.println("执行InitAndDestroySeqBean: destroy");
    }

    public void destroyMethod()
    {
        System.out.println("执行InitAndDestroySeqBean: destroy-method");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
                "com/chj/spring/bean.xml");
        context.close();
    }
}

Spring配置文件：

              <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
                <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    
                    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    
                     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    
                     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans    
                 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd    
                 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context    
                 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">


                   <context:annotation-config/>    

                   <bean id="initAndDestroySeqBean" class="com.chj.spring.InitAndDestroySeqBean"
            init-method="initMethod" destroy-method="destroyMethod"/>  
                </beans>

运行InitAndDestroySeqBean的main方法，结果如下：


2013-03-03 17:11:19,098 DEBUG support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating instance of bean 'initAndDestroySeqBean'  

执行InitAndDestroySeqBean: 构造方法  
2013-03-03 17:11:19,114 DEBUG annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor - Found init method on

class [com.alibaba.chj.spring.InitAndDestroySeqBean]: public void
com.alibaba.chj.spring.InitAndDestroySeqBean.postConstruct()
2013-03-03 17:11:19,114 DEBUG annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor - Found destroy method on
class [com.alibaba.chj.spring.InitAndDestroySeqBean]: public void
com.alibaba.chj.spring.InitAndDestroySeqBean.preDestroy()
2013-03-03 17:11:19,129 DEBUG support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Eagerly caching bean ‘initAndDestroySeqBean’ to allow for resolving
potential circular references
2013-03-03 17:11:19,129 DEBUG annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor - Invoking init method on
bean ‘initAndDestroySeqBean’: public void
com.alibaba.chj.spring.InitAndDestroySeqBean.postConstruct()
执行InitAndDestroySeqBean: postConstruct
2013-03-03 17:11:19,129 DEBUG support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Invoking afterPropertiesSet() on bean with name
‘initAndDestroySeqBean’
执行InitAndDestroySeqBean: afterPropertiesSet
2013-03-03 17:11:19,129 DEBUG support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Invoking init method ‘initMethod’ on bean with name
‘initAndDestroySeqBean’
执行InitAndDestroySeqBean: init-method
2013-03-03 17:11:19,129 DEBUG support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Finished creating instance of bean ‘initAndDestroySeqBean’
2013-03-03 17:11:19,129 INFO support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext - Closing
org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@56a499:
display name
[org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@56a499];
startup date [Sun Mar 03 17:11:17 CST 2013]; root of context hierarchy

2013-03-03 17:11:19,129 INFO  support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Destroying singletons in

org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@1292d26:
defining beans
[org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor,initAndDestroySeqBean];
root of factory hierarchy
2013-03-03 17:11:19,129 DEBUG annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor - Invoking destroy method
on bean ‘initAndDestroySeqBean’: public void
com.alibaba.chj.spring.InitAndDestroySeqBean.preDestroy()
执行InitAndDestroySeqBean: preDestroy
2013-03-03 17:11:19,145 DEBUG support.DisposableBeanAdapter - Invoking destroy() on bean with name ‘initAndDestroySeqBean’
执行InitAndDestroySeqBean: destroy
2013-03-03 17:11:19,145 DEBUG support.DisposableBeanAdapter - Invoking destroy method ‘destroyMethod’ on bean with name
‘initAndDestroySeqBean’
执行InitAndDestroySeqBean: destroy-method

从执行结果可以看出：

Bean在实例化的过程中：Constructor > @PostConstruct >InitializingBean > init-method

Bean在销毁的过程中：@PreDestroy > DisposableBean > destroy-method

转载：http://blog.csdn.net/caihaijiang/article/details/8629725