Python 中 argparse简单使用

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argparse模块主要用来解析参数

一般从这里开始，但是这段代码什么都不做，因为parser.parse_args()返回的是一个命名空间，而现在没有添加参数

import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.parse_args()

而这段代码添加了一个参数’echo’，所以当在控制台输入参数时就可以用类似Java中 ‘.’的方式访问你的参数了：

import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("echo")
args = parser.parse_args()
print('print my argument: ',args.echo)

E:\examples of coding\python\shiyanlou>python argparse_test.py my_input
print my argument:  my_input

来一个高级点的。。。：

import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("square", type = int,
                    help = 'display a square of a given number')
# 这里type = int表示只可以输入整数
parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', action = 'store_true',
                    help = 'increase out verbosity')
args = parser.parse_args()
answer = args.square**2
if args.verbose:    # 如果输入了verbose参数
    print("the square of {} equals {}".format(args.square, answer))
else:               # 如果没有输入verbose参数
    print(answer)

E:\examples of coding\python\shiyanlou>python argparse_test.py 4 -v
the square of 4 equals 16

E:\examples of coding\python\shiyanlou>python argparse_test.py -v 4
the square of 4 equals 16

E:\examples of coding\python\shiyanlou>python argparse_test.py 4
16

E:\examples of coding\python\shiyanlou>python argparse_test.py 4 --verbose
the square of 4 equals 16

还可以限制取值：

import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("square", type = int,
                    help = 'display a square of a given number')
# 这里type = int表示只可以输入整数
parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbosity", type=int, choices=[0, 1, 2],
                    help = 'increase out verbosity')
# 其中verbosity 只可以取值为0,1,2
args = parser.parse_args()
answer = args.square**2
if args.verbosity == 2:    # 如果输入的verbosity参数为2
    print("the square of {} equals {}".format(args.square, answer))
elif args.verbosity == 1:  # 如果输入的verbosity参数为1
    print("{}^2 == {}".format(args.square, answer))
else:               # 如果没有输入verbosity参数
    print(answer)

E:\examples of coding\python\shiyanlou>python argparse_test.py 4 -v 2
the square of 4 equals 16

E:\examples of coding\python\shiyanlou>python argparse_test.py 4 -v 1
4^2 == 16

E:\examples of coding\python\shiyanlou>python argparse_test.py 4 -v 0
16

E:\examples of coding\python\shiyanlou>python argparse_test.py 4 -v 3
usage: argparse_test.py [-h] [-v {0,1,2}] square
argparse_test.py: error: argument -v/--verbosity: invalid choice: 3 (choose from 0, 1, 2)

还可以定义action=’count’, 统计对应关键字出现的次数：

import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("square", type = int,
                    help = 'display a square of a given number')
# 这里type = int表示只可以输入整数
parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbosity", action = 'count', default=0,
                    help = 'increase out verbosity')
# 其中verbosity 出现的次数默认为0，可以计数
args = parser.parse_args()
answer = args.square**2
if args.verbosity >= 2:    # 如果输入的verbosity参数为2
    print("the square of {} equals {}".format(args.square, answer))
elif args.verbosity == 1:  # 如果输入的verbosity参数为1
    print("{}^2 == {}".format(args.square, answer))
else:               # 如果没有输入verbosity参数
    print(answer)

E:\examples of coding\python\shiyanlou>python argparse_test.py 4 -vv
the square of 4 equals 16

E:\examples of coding\python\shiyanlou>python argparse_test.py 4 -vvv
the square of 4 equals 16

E:\examples of coding\python\shiyanlou>python argparse_test.py 4 --verbosity --verbosity
the square of 4 equals 16

E:\examples of coding\python\shiyanlou>python argparse_test.py 4 -v
4^2 == 16

E:\examples of coding\python\shiyanlou>python argparse_test.py 4
16

更多高级argparse知识