1. foreach()
foreach()是一个用来遍历数组中数据的最简单有效的方法。
#example1:
- $colors = array('red','blue','green','yellow');
- foreach ($colors as $color) {
- echo "Do you like $color?
"; - }
- ?>
显示结果:
Do you like red?
Do you like blue?
Do you like green?
Do you like yellow?
2. while()
while() 通常和 list(),each()配合使用。
#example2:
- $colors = array('red','blue','green','yellow');
- while(list($key,$val) = each($colors)) {
- echo "Other list of $val.
"; - }
- ?>
显示结果:
Other list of red.
Other list of blue.
Other list of green.
Other list of yellow.
3. for()
#example3:
- $arr = array ("0" => "zero","1" => "one","2" => "two");
- for ($i = 0;$i < count($arr); $i++) {
- $str = $arr[$i];
- echo "the number is $str.
"; - }
- ?>
显示结果:
the number is zero.
the number is one.
the number is two.
========= 以下是函数介绍 ==========
key()
mixed key(array input_array)
key()函数返回input_array中位于当前指针位置的键元素。
#example4
- $capitals = array("Ohio" => "Columbus","Towa" => "Des Moines","Arizona" => "Phoenix");
- echo "
Can you name the capitals of these states?
"; - while($key = key($capitals)) {
- echo $key."
"; - next($capitals);
- //每个key()调用不会推进指针。为此要使用next()函数
- }
- ?>
显示结果:
Can you name the capitals of these states?
Ohio
Towa
Arizona
reset()
mixed reset(array input_array)
reset()函数用来将input_array的指针设置回数组的开始位置。如果需要在一个脚本中多次查看或处理同一个数组,就经常使用这个函数,另外这个函数还常用于排序结束时。
#example5 - 在#example1上追加代码
- $colors = array('red','blue','green','yellow');
- foreach ($colors as $color) {
- echo "Do you like $color?
"; - }
- reset($colors);
- while(list($key,$val) = each($colors)) {
- echo "$key => $val
"; - }
- ?>
显示结果:
Do you like red?
Do you like blue?
Do you like green?
Do you like yellow?
0 => red
1 => blue
2 => green
3 => yellow
注意:将一个数组赋值给另一个数组时会重置原来的数组指针,因此在上例中如果我们在循环内部将 $colors 赋给了另一个变量的话将会导致无限循环。
例如将 $s1 = $colors; 添加到while循环内,再次执行代码,浏览器就会无休止地显示结果。
each()
array each(array input_array)
each()函数返回输入数组当前键/值对,并将指针推进一个位置。返回的数组包含四个键,键0和key包含键名,而键1和value包含相应的数据。如果执行each()前指针位于数组末尾,则返回FALSE。
#example6
- $capitals = array("Ohio" => "Columbus","Towa" => "Des Moines","Arizona" => "Phoenix");
- $s1 = each($capitals);
- print_r($s1);
- ?>
显示结果:
Array ( [1] => Columbus [value] => Columbus [0] => Ohio [key] => Ohio )
current(),next(),prev(),end()
mixed current(array target_array)
current()函数返回位于target_array数组当前指针位置的数组值。与next()、prev()、和end()函数不同,current()不移动指针。
next()函数返回紧接着放在当前数组指针的下一个位置的数组值。
prev()函数返回位于当前指针的前一个位置的数组值,如果指针本来就位于数组的第一个位置,则返回FALSE。
end()函数将指针移向target_array的最后一个位置,并返回最后一个元素。
#example7
- $fruits = array("apple","orange","banana");
- $fruit = current($fruits); //return "apple"
- echo $fruit."
"; - $fruit = next($fruits); //return "orange"
- echo $fruit."
"; - $fruit = prev($fruits); //return "apple"
- echo $fruit."
"; - $fruit = end($fruits); //return "banana"
- echo $fruit."
"; - ?>
显示结果:
apple
orange
apple
banana