linux2.6 驱动开发入门：第一个驱动程序

1、驱动程序代码（C语言）

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
//主设备号
#define MAJOR_NUM          252
static ssize_t globalvar_read(struct file *, char *, size_t, loff_t*);
static ssize_t globalvar_write(struct file *, const char *, size_t, loff_t*);
//初始化字符设备驱动的 file_operations 结构体
struct file_operations globalvar_fops =
{
	.read=globalvar_read, 
	.write=globalvar_write
};
                              //“globalvar”设备的全局变量
static int global_var = 0;
static int globalvar_init(void)
{
   int ret;
   //注册设备驱动
   ret = register_chrdev(MAJOR_NUM,"globalvar",&globalvar_fops);
   if (ret)
   {
      printk(KERN_EMERG "globalvar register failure\n");
   }
   else
   {
      printk(KERN_EMERG "globalvar register success\n");
   }
   return ret;
}
static void globalvar_exit(void)
{
   int ret;
   //注销设备驱动
   ret = unregister_chrdev(MAJOR_NUM, "globalvar");
   if (ret)
   {
      printk(KERN_EMERG "globalvar unregister failure\n");
   }
   else
   {
      printk(KERN_EMERG "globalvar unregister success\n");
   }
}
static ssize_t globalvar_read(struct file *filp, char *buf, size_t len, loff_t *off)
{
   //将 global_var 从内核空间复制到用户空间
   if (copy_to_user(buf, &global_var, sizeof(int)))
   {
      return - EFAULT;
   }
   return sizeof(int);
}
static ssize_t globalvar_write(struct file *filp, const char *buf, size_t len, loff_t
   *off)
{
   //将用户空间的数据复制到内核空间的 global_var
   if (copy_from_user(&global_var, buf, sizeof(int)))
   {
      return - EFAULT;
   }
   return sizeof(int);
}
module_init(globalvar_init);
module_exit(globalvar_exit);

2、驱动程序Makefile

obj-m += globalvar.o
all:
	make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) modules
clean:
	make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) clean

3、编译驱动程序

[root@localhost globalvar]# make
make -C /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.el5/build M=/root/globalvar modules
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-164.el5-i686'
  Building modules, stage 2.
  MODPOST
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-164.el5-i686'
[root@localhost globalvar]# 

4、加载驱动程序

[root@localhost globalvar]# insmod globalvar.ko

Message from syslogd@ at Thu Jun 13 12:05:09 2013 ...
localhost kernel: globalvar register success[root@localhost globalvar]# 

5、查看设备

[root@localhost globalvar]# cat /proc/devices 
Character devices:
  1 mem
  4 /dev/vc/0
  4 tty
  4 ttyS
  5 /dev/tty
  5 /dev/console
  5 /dev/ptmx
  6 lp
  7 vcs
 10 misc
 13 input
 14 sound
 21 sg
 29 fb
116 alsa
128 ptm
136 pts
162 raw
180 usb
189 usb_device
216 rfcomm
252 globalvar
254 pcmcia

Block devices:
  1 ramdisk
  3 ide0
  8 sd
  9 md
 65 sd
 66 sd
 67 sd
 68 sd
 69 sd
 70 sd
 71 sd
128 sd
129 sd
130 sd
131 sd
132 sd
133 sd
134 sd
135 sd
253 device-mapper
254 mdp
[root@localhost globalvar]# 

6、创建设备节点

[root@localhost globalvar]# mknod /dev/globalvar c 252 0
[root@localhost globalvar]# 

查看

[root@localhost globalvar]# ls -l /dev/g*
crw-r--r-- 1 root root 252, 0 Jun 13 12:08 /dev/globalvar
srwx------ 1 root root      0 Jun 13 10:05 /dev/gpmctl
[root@localhost globalvar]# 

7、应用程序源码（C语言）

#include <sys/types.h> 
#include <sys/stat.h> 
#include <stdio.h> 
#include <fcntl.h> 
main() 
{ 
  int fd, num; 
  // 打开“/dev/globalvar ” 
    fd = open("/dev/globalvar", O_RDWR, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR); 
    if (fd != -1 ) 
  { 
   //初次读 globalvar 
    read(fd, &num, sizeof(int)); 
        printf("The globalvar is %d\n", num); 
 
   //写globalvar 
        printf("Please input the num written to globalvar\n"); 
    scanf("%d", &num); 
    write(fd, &num, sizeof(int)); 
 
   //再次读 globalvar 
    read(fd, &num, sizeof(int)); 
        printf("The globalvar is %d\n", num); 
 
    // 关闭“/dev/globalvar ” 
    close(fd); 
  } 
  else 
  { 
    printf("Device open failure\n"); 
  } 
}

8、应用程序编译与测试

[root@localhost test]# gcc -o globalvartest.o -c globalvartest.c 
[root@localhost test]# ./globalvartest.o
bash: ./globalvartest.o: Permission denied
[root@localhost test]# ./globalvartest.o
bash: ./globalvartest.o: cannot execute binary file
[root@localhost test]# gcc -o globalvartest.o globalvartest.c 
[root@localhost test]# ./globalvartest.o
The globalvar is 0
Please input the num written to globalvar
100
The globalvar is 100
[root@localhost test]# ./globalvartest.o
The globalvar is 100
Please input the num written to globalvar
121
The globalvar is 121
[root@localhost test]# 

9、小结：

ＯＫ。通过测试！