推送通知
注意:这里说的推送通知跟NSNotification有所区别
NSNotification是抽象的,不可见的
推送通知是可见的(能用肉眼看到)
iOS中提供了2种推送通知
本地推送通知(Local Notification)
远程推送通知(Remote Notification)
推送通知的呈现效果总结
总结一下,推送通知有5种不同的呈现效果
在屏幕顶部显示一块横幅(显示具体内容)
在屏幕中间弹出一个UIAlertView(显示具体内容)
在锁屏界面显示一块横幅(锁屏状态下,显示具体内容)
更新app图标的数字(说明新内容的数量)
播放音效(提醒作用)
发出推送通知时,如果当前程序正运行在前台,那么推送通知就不会被呈现出来
点击推送通知后,默认会自动打开发出推送通知的app
不管app打开还是关闭,推送通知都能如期发出
本地推送通知
什么是本地推送通知
顾名思义,就是不需要联网就能发出的推送通知(不需要服务器的支持)
本地推送通知的使用场景
常用来定时提醒用户完成一些任务,比如
清理垃圾、记账、买衣服、看电影、玩游戏
如何发出本地推送通知
<pre name="code" class="prettyprint"><code class="hljs objectivec has-numbering"><span class="hljs-comment">//创建本地推送通知对象</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">UILocalNotification</span> *ln = [[<span class="hljs-built_in">UILocalNotification</span> alloc] init]; <span class="hljs-comment">//设置本地推送通知属性</span> <span class="hljs-comment">//推送通知的触发时间(何时发出推送通知)</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">@property</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">nonatomic</span>,copy) <span class="hljs-built_in">NSDate</span> *fireDate; <span class="hljs-comment">//推送通知的具体内容</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">@property</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">nonatomic</span>,copy) <span class="hljs-built_in">NSString</span> *alertBody; <span class="hljs-comment">//在锁屏时显示的动作标题(完整标题:“滑动来” + alertAction)</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">@property</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">nonatomic</span>,copy) <span class="hljs-built_in">NSString</span> *alertAction; <span class="hljs-comment">//音效文件名</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">@property</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">nonatomic</span>,copy) <span class="hljs-built_in">NSString</span> *soundName; <span class="hljs-comment">//app图标数字</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">@property</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">nonatomic</span>) <span class="hljs-built_in">NSInteger</span> applicationIconBadgeNumber;</code>
<code class="hljs objectivec has-numbering"><span class="hljs-comment">//调度本地推送通知(调度完毕后,推送通知会在特地时间fireDate发出)</span> [[<span class="hljs-built_in">UIApplication</span> sharedApplication] scheduleLocalNotification:ln]; <span class="hljs-comment">//获得被调度(定制)的所有本地推送通知</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">@property</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">nonatomic</span>,copy) <span class="hljs-built_in">NSArray</span> *scheduledLocalNotifications; (已经发出且过期的推送通知就算调度结束,会自动从这个数组中移除) <span class="hljs-comment">//取消调度本地推送通知</span> - (<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span>)cancelLocalNotification:(<span class="hljs-built_in">UILocalNotification</span> *)notification; - (<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span>)cancelAllLocalNotifications; <span class="hljs-comment">//立即发出本地推送通知</span> - (<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span>)presentLocalNotificationNow:(<span class="hljs-built_in">UILocalNotification</span> *)notification;</code>
本地推送通知的其他属性
<code class="hljs objectivec has-numbering"><span class="hljs-comment">//每隔多久重复发一次推送通知</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">@property</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">nonatomic</span>) NSCalendarUnit repeatInterval; <span class="hljs-comment">//点击推送通知打开app时显示的启动图片</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">@property</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">nonatomic</span>,copy) <span class="hljs-built_in">NSString</span> *alertLaunchImage; <span class="hljs-comment">//附加的额外信息</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">@property</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">nonatomic</span>,copy) <span class="hljs-built_in">NSDictionary</span> *userInfo; <span class="hljs-comment">//时区</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">@property</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">nonatomic</span>,copy) NSTimeZone *timeZone; (一般设置为[NSTimeZone defaultTimeZone] ,跟随手机的时区)</code>
点击本地推送通知
<code class="hljs objectivec has-numbering"><span class="hljs-comment">//当用户点击本地推送通知,会自动打开app,这里有2种情况</span> <span class="hljs-comment">//app并没有关闭,一直隐藏在后台</span> <span class="hljs-comment">//让app进入前台,并会调用AppDelegate的下面方法(并非重新启动app)</span> - (<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span>)application:(<span class="hljs-built_in">UIApplication</span> *)application didReceiveLocalNotification:(<span class="hljs-built_in">UILocalNotification</span> *)notification; <span class="hljs-comment">//app已经被关闭(进程已死)</span> <span class="hljs-comment">//启动app,启动完毕会调用AppDelegate的下面方法</span> - (<span class="hljs-built_in">BOOL</span>)application:(<span class="hljs-built_in">UIApplication</span> *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(<span class="hljs-built_in">NSDictionary</span> *)launchOptions; launchOptions参数通过UIApplicationLaunchOptionsLocalNotificationKey取出本地推送通知对象</code>
远程推送通知
什么是远程推送通知
顾名思义,就是从远程服务器推送给客户端的通知(需要联网)
远程推送服务,又称为APNs(Apple Push Notification Services)
为什么需要远程推送通知?
传统获取数据的局限性
只要用户关闭了app,就无法跟app的服务器沟通,无法从服务器上获得最新的数据内容
远程推送通知可以解决以上问题
不管用户打开还是关闭app,只要联网了,都能接收到服务器推送的远程通知
远程推送通知使用须知
所有的苹果设备,在联网状态下,都会与苹果的服务器建立长连接
什么是长连接
只要联网了,就一直建立连接
长连接的作用
时间校准
系统升级
查找我的iPhone
.. …
长连接的好处
数据传输速度快
数据保持最新状态
一.开发iOS程序的推送功能, iOS端需要做的事
1.请求苹果获得deviceToken
2.得到苹果返回的deviceToken
3.发送deviceToken给公司的服务器
4.监听用户对通知的点击
二.调试iOS的远程推送功能, 必备条件:
1.真机
2.调试推送需要的证书文件
1> aps_development.cer : 某台电脑就能调试某个app的推送服务
2> ios_development.cer : 让电脑具备真机调试的能力(调试设备)
3> iphone5_qq.mobileprovision : 某台电脑就能利用某台设备调试某个程序
三.发布具有推送服务的app
1> aps_production.cer : 如果发布的程序中包含了推送服务,就必须安装这个证书
2> ios_distribution.cer : 让电脑具备发布程序的能力
3> qq.mobileprovision : 某台电脑就能发布某个程序
注册远程通知
<code class="hljs fsharp has-numbering"><span class="hljs-comment">//客户端如果想接收APNs的远程推送通知,必须先注册(得到用户的授权)</span> <span class="hljs-comment">//一般在App启动完毕后就马上注册</span> - (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions { <span class="hljs-comment">// 注册远程通知</span> UIRemoteNotificationType <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> =</span> UIRemoteNotificationTypeAlert | UIRemoteNotificationTypeBadge | UIRemoteNotificationTypeSound; [application registerForRemoteNotificationTypes:<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span>];</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> YES; } </code>
<code class="hljs erlang has-numbering"></code><h2 id="pushmebaby">PushMeBaby</h2><p>PushMeBaby是一款用来测试ANPs的开源Mac项目 它充当了服务器的作用,用法非常简单 它负责将内容提交给苹果的APNs服务器,苹果的APNs服务器再将内容推送给用户的设备 PushMeBaby的主页 <a target=_blank href="https://github.com/stefanhafeneger/PushMeBaby">https://github.com/stefanhafeneger/PushMeBaby</a></p><h2 id="远程推送获取devicetoken实例"><a target=_blank name="t10"></a>远程推送获取DeviceToken实例</h2>//注册成功后会调用<span class="hljs-variable">AppDelegate</span>的下面方法,得到设备的device<span class="hljs-variable">Token</span> <span class="hljs-pp"></span><pre name="code" class="prettyprint"><code class="hljs erlang has-numbering"><span class="hljs-pp">- <span class="hljs-params">(void)</span>application:<span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-variable">UIApplication</span> *)</span>application didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:<span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-variable">NSData</span> *)</span>deviceToken { NSLog<span class="hljs-params">(@<span class="hljs-string">"%@"</span>, device<span class="hljs-variable">Token</span>)</span>; }</span></code>
<code class="hljs objectivec has-numbering"><span class="hljs-comment">//当用户点击远程推送通知,会自动打开app,这里有2种情况</span> <span class="hljs-comment">//app并没有关闭,一直隐藏在后台</span> <span class="hljs-comment">//让app进入前台,并会调用AppDelegate的下面方法(并非重新启动app)</span> - (<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span>)application:(<span class="hljs-built_in">UIApplication</span> *)application didReceiveRemoteNotification:(<span class="hljs-built_in">NSDictionary</span> *)userInfo; <span class="hljs-comment">//app已经被关闭(进程已死)</span> <span class="hljs-comment">//启动app,启动完毕会调用AppDelegate的下面方法</span> - (<span class="hljs-built_in">BOOL</span>)application:(<span class="hljs-built_in">UIApplication</span> *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(<span class="hljs-built_in">NSDictionary</span> *)launchOptions; launchOptions参数通过UIApplicationLaunchOptionsRemoteNotificationKey取出服务器返回的字典内容</code>
<code class="hljs objectivec has-numbering"> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">@interface</span> <span class="hljs-title">AppDelegate</span> ()</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">@end</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">@implementation</span> <span class="hljs-title">AppDelegate</span></span> - (<span class="hljs-built_in">BOOL</span>)application:(<span class="hljs-built_in">UIApplication</span> *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(<span class="hljs-built_in">NSDictionary</span> *)launchOptions { <span class="hljs-comment">// Override point for customization after application launch.</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> ([UIDevice currentDevice]<span class="hljs-variable">.systemVersion</span><span class="hljs-variable">.doubleValue</span> <= <span class="hljs-number">8.0</span>) { <span class="hljs-comment">// 不是iOS8</span> UIRemoteNotificationType type = UIRemoteNotificationTypeBadge | UIRemoteNotificationTypeSound | UIRemoteNotificationTypeAlert; <span class="hljs-comment">// 当用户第一次启动程序时就获取deviceToke</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// 该方法在iOS8以及过期了</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// 只要调用该方法, 系统就会自动发送UDID和当前程序的Bunle ID到苹果的APNs服务器</span> [application registerForRemoteNotificationTypes:type]; }<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> { <span class="hljs-comment">// iOS8</span> UIUserNotificationType type = UIUserNotificationTypeBadge | UIUserNotificationTypeAlert | UIUserNotificationTypeSound; UIUserNotificationSettings *settings = [UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:type categories:<span class="hljs-literal">nil</span>]; <span class="hljs-comment">// 注册通知类型</span> [application registerUserNotificationSettings:settings]; <span class="hljs-comment">// 申请试用通知</span> [application registerForRemoteNotifications]; } <span class="hljs-comment">// 1.取出数据</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">NSDictionary</span> *userInfo = launchOptions[UIApplicationLaunchOptionsRemoteNotificationKey]; <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (userInfo) { <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> count = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; count++; <span class="hljs-built_in">UILabel</span> *label = [[<span class="hljs-built_in">UILabel</span> alloc] init]; label<span class="hljs-variable">.frame</span> = CGRectMake(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">40</span>, <span class="hljs-number">200</span>, <span class="hljs-number">200</span>); label<span class="hljs-variable">.numberOfLines</span> = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; label<span class="hljs-variable">.textColor</span> = [<span class="hljs-built_in">UIColor</span> whiteColor]; label<span class="hljs-variable">.font</span> = [<span class="hljs-built_in">UIFont</span> systemFontOfSize:<span class="hljs-number">11</span>]; label<span class="hljs-variable">.backgroundColor</span> = [<span class="hljs-built_in">UIColor</span> orangeColor]; label<span class="hljs-variable">.text</span> = [<span class="hljs-built_in">NSString</span> stringWithFormat:@<span class="hljs-string">" %@ \n %d"</span>, userInfo, count]; [<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span><span class="hljs-variable">.window</span><span class="hljs-variable">.rootViewController</span><span class="hljs-variable">.view</span> addSubview:label]; } <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">YES</span>; } <span class="hljs-comment">/** * 获取到用户对应当前应用程序的deviceToken时就会调用 */</span> - (<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span>)application:(<span class="hljs-built_in">UIApplication</span> *)application didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:(NSData *)deviceToken { <span class="hljs-built_in">NSLog</span>(@<span class="hljs-string">"%@"</span>, deviceToken); <span class="hljs-comment">// <47e58207 31340f18 ed83ba54 f999641a 3d68bc7b f3e2db29 953188ec 7d0cecfb></span> <span class="hljs-comment">// <286c3bde 0bd3b122 68be655f 25ed2702 38e31cec 9d54da9f 1c62325a 93be801e></span> } <span class="hljs-comment">/* ios7以前苹果支持多任务, iOS7以前的多任务是假的多任务 而iOS7开始苹果才真正的推出了多任务 */</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// 接收到远程服务器推送过来的内容就会调用</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// 注意: 只有应用程序是打开状态(前台/后台), 才会调用该方法</span> <span class="hljs-comment">/// 如果应用程序是关闭状态会调用didFinishLaunchingWithOptions</span> - (<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span>)application:(<span class="hljs-built_in">UIApplication</span> *)application didReceiveRemoteNotification:(<span class="hljs-built_in">NSDictionary</span> *)userInfo { <span class="hljs-comment">/* 如果应用程序在后台 , 只有用户点击了通知之后才会调用 如果应用程序在前台, 会直接调用该方法 即便应用程序关闭也可以接收到远程通知 */</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">NSLog</span>(@<span class="hljs-string">"%@"</span>, userInfo); <span class="hljs-comment">// static int count = 0;</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// count++;</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] init];</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// label.frame = CGRectMake(0, 250, 200, 200);</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// label.numberOfLines = 0;</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// label.textColor = [UIColor whiteColor];</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// label.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ \n %d", userInfo, count];</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// label.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:11];</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// label.backgroundColor = [UIColor grayColor];</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// [self.window.rootViewController.view addSubview:label];</span> } <span class="hljs-comment">//接收到远程服务器推送过来的内容就会调用</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// ios7以后用这个处理后台任务接收到得远程通知</span> - (<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span>)application:(<span class="hljs-built_in">UIApplication</span> *)application didReceiveRemoteNotification:(<span class="hljs-built_in">NSDictionary</span> *)userInfo fetchCompletionHandler:(<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> (^)(UIBackgroundFetchResult))completionHandler { <span class="hljs-comment">/* UIBackgroundFetchResultNewData, 成功接收到数据 UIBackgroundFetchResultNoData, 没有;接收到数据 UIBackgroundFetchResultFailed 接收失败 */</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// NSLog(@"%s",__func__);</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// NSLog(@"%@", userInfo);</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">NSNumber</span> *contentid = userInfo[@<span class="hljs-string">"content-id"</span>]; <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (contentid) { <span class="hljs-built_in">UILabel</span> *label = [[<span class="hljs-built_in">UILabel</span> alloc] init]; label<span class="hljs-variable">.frame</span> = CGRectMake(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">250</span>, <span class="hljs-number">200</span>, <span class="hljs-number">200</span>); label<span class="hljs-variable">.numberOfLines</span> = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; label<span class="hljs-variable">.textColor</span> = [<span class="hljs-built_in">UIColor</span> whiteColor]; label<span class="hljs-variable">.text</span> = [<span class="hljs-built_in">NSString</span> stringWithFormat:@<span class="hljs-string">"%@"</span>, contentid]; label<span class="hljs-variable">.font</span> = [<span class="hljs-built_in">UIFont</span> systemFontOfSize:<span class="hljs-number">30</span>]; label<span class="hljs-variable">.backgroundColor</span> = [<span class="hljs-built_in">UIColor</span> grayColor]; [<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span><span class="hljs-variable">.window</span><span class="hljs-variable">.rootViewController</span><span class="hljs-variable">.view</span> addSubview:label]; <span class="hljs-comment">//注意: 在此方法中一定要调用这个调用block, 告诉系统是否处理成功.</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// 以便于系统在后台更新UI等操作</span> completionHandler(UIBackgroundFetchResultNewData); }<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> { completionHandler(UIBackgroundFetchResultFailed); } } <span class="hljs-keyword">@end</span></code>