C# 连接SQL数据库、常用的连接字符串讲解、常用的数据库操作方法

using System;   

using System.Collections.Generic;   

using System.Text;   

using System.Data.SqlClient;   

using System.Data;   

namespace My_Connection   

{   

    class DbConn   

     {   

        private const string ConnString = "server=localhost;integrated security=sspi;database=pubs;";   

        //---------------------常用的连接字符串参数-------------------------------------------------   

        //server=locahost或 . 登录服务器地址这里是本地   

        //Data Source   

        //Address   

        //Addr   

        //Network Address   

        //integrated security=sspi或true 以Windows当前身份登录   

        //uid=sa; 登录用户名:sa   

        //pwd=sa;    登录密码:sa   

        //Connect Timeout=15 //设置连接等待时间,以秒为单位   

        //Trusted_Connection=True 设置信任连接   

        //Asynchronous Processing=true 设置异步访问数据库,默认关闭   

        //MultipleActiveResultSets=True 在单个连接上得到和管理多个、仅向前引用和只读的结果集(ADO.NET2.0,SQL 2005)   

        //database=pubs 或 Initial Catalog=pubs 指定数据库:pubs   

        //Max Pool Size 最大连接数   

        //Min Pool Size 最小连接数          

        //Pooling 当设置为true时,SQL连接将从连接池获得,如果没有则新建并添加到连接池中,默认是true.false则不设连接池   

        //Connection Lifetime 在连接池中应用,指定一个连接处于close后的生存时间大于指定时间并属于最小连接数以外的将自动消毁           

        //Application Name 应用程序名称或者当没有提供应用程序时为.Net SqlClient数据提供者   

        //Connection Reset true 当连接从连接池移走时决定是否重置数据库连接.当设置为false 时用于避免获得连接时的额外服务器往复代价   

        //Enlist true 为真时，连接池自动列出创建线程的当前事务上下文中的连接   

        //Workstation ID 指定工作组的名称   

        //Packet Size= 就是设置网络数据包的大小值,默认为8192   

        //Network Library 设置网络连接协议   

  

        //当通过SQLOLEDB提供者进行连接时使用以下语法：   

        //Network Library=dbmssocn   

        //但通过MSDASQL提供者进行连接时使用以下语法：   

        //Network=dbmssocn    

  

        //名称            网络协议库   

        //dbnmpntw Win32 Named Pipes   

        //dbmssocn Win32 Winsock TCP/IP   

        //dbmsspxn Win32 SPX/IPX   

        //dbmsvinn Win32 Banyan Vines   

        //dbmsrpcn Win32 Multi-Protocol (Windows RPC)   

        //------------------------连接字符串示例   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------   

        //通过IP地址连接,必需确保SQL服务器开启1433端口和检查SQL网络连接启用TCP/IP协议   

        //Data Source=190.190.200.100,1433;Network Library=DBMSSOCN;Initial Catalog=myDataBase;User ID=myUsername;Password=myPassword;    

        //默认情况下， SQL服务器的微软.NET框架数据提供者设置网络包大小对8192个字节.   

        //然而这不一定是最好的,你可以根据你觉的合适的包大小设置包的大小   

        //Server=myServerAddress;Database=myDataBase;User ID=myUsername;Password=myPassword;Trusted_Connection=False;Packet Size=4096;    

        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   

        //因为考虑到实现复杂业务逻辑时,需要同进使用GetDataReader、GetDataAdapter、GetTransaction等   

        //连接那里会变得麻烦，所以区分定义三种方式的连接对象   

        private SqlConnection SqlDrConn = new SqlConnection(ConnString);   

        private SqlConnection SqlDaConn = new SqlConnection(ConnString);   

        private SqlConnection SqlTrConn = new SqlConnection(ConnString);   

  

        public DataTable GetDataReader(string StrSql)//数据查询   

         {   

            //当连接处于打开状态时关闭,然后再打开,避免有时候数据不能及时更新   

            if (SqlDrConn.State == ConnectionState.Open)   

             {   

                 SqlDrConn.Close();                   

             }   

            try  

             {   

                 SqlDrConn.Open();   

                 SqlCommand SqlCmd = new SqlCommand(StrSql, SqlDrConn);   

                 SqlDataReader SqlDr = SqlCmd.ExecuteReader();   

                if (SqlDr.HasRows)   

                 {   

                     DataTable dt = new DataTable();   

                    //---------------Method 1-------------------   

                    //for (int i = 0; i < SqlDr.FieldCount; i++)   

                    //{   

                    //     dt.Columns.Add(SqlDr.GetName(i), SqlDr.GetFieldType(i));   

                    //}   

                    //while (SqlDr.Read())   

                    //{   

                    //     DataRow dr= dt.NewRow();   

                    //     for (int i = 0; i < SqlDr.FieldCount; i++)   

                    //     {   

                    //         dr[i] = SqlDr[i];                               

                    //     }   

                    //     dt.Rows.Add(dr);                           

                    //}       

                    //---------------Method 2-------------------   

                    //更为简单   

                     dt.Load(SqlDr);   

                    //关闭对象和连接   

                     SqlDr.Close();   

                     SqlDrConn.Close();   

                    return dt;   

                 }   

                return null;   

             }   

            catch (Exception ex)   

             {   

                 System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);             

                return null;   

             }   

            finally  

             {           

                 SqlDrConn.Close();   

             }   

         }   

  

        public SqlDataAdapter GetDataAdapter(string StrSql)//数据增删修查   

         {   

            if (SqlDaConn.State == ConnectionState.Open)   

             {   

                 SqlDaConn.Close();   

             }   

            try  

             {   

                 SqlDaConn.Open();   

                 SqlDataAdapter SqlDa = new SqlDataAdapter(StrSql, SqlDaConn);   

                //提供自动生成单表命令的一种方式   

                 SqlCommandBuilder SqlCb = new SqlCommandBuilder(SqlDa);   

                return SqlDa;   

             }   

            catch (Exception ex)   

             {   

                 System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);   

                return null;   

             }   

            finally  

             {                   

                 SqlDaConn.Close();   

             }   

         }   

  

        //这里使用了ArrayList数组来存放SQL语句集   

        public bool GetTransaction(System.Collections.ArrayList StrSqlList)//实现事务   

         {   

            if (SqlTrConn.State == ConnectionState.Open)   

             {   

                 SqlTrConn.Close();   

             }   

             SqlTransaction SqlTr = null;   

            try  

             {   

                 SqlTrConn.Open();   

                 SqlTr = SqlTrConn.BeginTransaction();   

                 SqlCommand SqlCmd = new SqlCommand();   

                 SqlCmd.Connection = SqlTrConn;   

                 SqlCmd.Transaction = SqlTr;               

                //加载数组里的SQL语句   

                for (int i = 0; i < StrSqlList.Count; i++)   

                 {   

                     SqlCmd.CommandText = StrSqlList[i].ToString();   

                     SqlCmd.ExecuteNonQuery();   

                 }   

                //提交所有事务   

                 SqlTr.Commit();                   

                return true;   

             }   

            catch (Exception ex)   

             {   

                //一但出错,回滚所有事务,还原状态   

                if(SqlTr!=null) SqlTr.Rollback();                         

                 System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);   

                return false;   

             }                          

            finally  

             {                

                 SqlTrConn.Close();   

             }   

         }   

     }   

}