1 摘要
Raw Socket: 原始套接字
可以用它来发送和接收 IP 层以上的原始数据包, 如 ICMP, TCP, UDP...
int sockRaw = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_RAW);
这样我们就创建了一个 Raw Socket
Sniffer: 嗅探器
关于嗅探器的原理我想大多数人可能都知道
1. 把网卡置于混杂模式;
2. 捕获数据包;
3. 分析数据包.
但具体的实现知道的人恐怕就不是那么多了. 好, 现在让我们用 Raw Socket 的做一个自已的 Sniffer.
二. 把网卡置于混杂模式
在正常的情况下，一个网络接口应该只响应两种数据帧:
一种是与自己硬件地址相匹配的数据帧
一种是发向所有机器的广播数据帧
如果要网卡接收所有通过它的数据, 而不管是不是发给它的, 那么必须把网卡置于混杂模式. 也就是说让它的思维混乱, 不按正常的方式工作. 用 Raw Socket 实现代码如下:
setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, (char*)&flag, sizeof(flag); //设置 IP 头操作选项
bind(sockRaw, (PSOCKADDR)&addrLocal, sizeof(addrLocal); //把 sockRaw 绑定到本地网卡上
ioctlsocket(sockRaw, SIO_RCVALL, &dwValue); //让 sockRaw 接受所有的数据
flag 标志是用来设置 IP 头操作的, 也就是说要亲自处理 IP 头: bool flag = ture;
addrLocal 为本地地址: SOCKADDR_IN addrLocal;
dwValue 为输入输出参数, 为 1 时执行, 0 时取消: DWORD dwValue = 1;
没想到这么简单吧?
三. 捕获数据包
你的 sockRaw 现在已经在工作了, 可以在局域网内其它的电脑上用 Sniffer 检测工具检测一下, 看你的网卡是否处于混杂模式(比如 DigitalBrain 的 ARPKiller).
不能让他白白的浪费资源啊, 抓包!
recv(sockRaw, RecvBuf, BUFFER_SIZE, 0); //接受任意数据包
#define BUFFER_SIZE 65535
char RecvBuf[BUFFER_SIZE];
越来越发现 Sniffer 原来如此的简单了, 这么一个函数就已经完成抓取数据包的任务了.
四. 分析数据包
这回抓来的包和平常用 Socket 接受的包可就不是一回事儿了, 里面包含 IP, TCP 等原始信息. 要分析它首先得知道这些结构.
数据包的总体结构:
----------------------------------------------
| ip header | tcp header(or x header) | data |
----------------------------------------------
IP header structure:
4 8 16 32 bit
|--------|--------|----------------|--------------------------------|
| Ver | IHL |Type of service | Total length |
|--------|--------|----------------|--------------------------------|
| Identification | Flags | Fragment offset |
|--------|--------|----------------|--------------------------------|
| Time to live | Protocol | Header checksum |
|--------|--------|----------------|--------------------------------|
| Source address |
|--------|--------|----------------|--------------------------------|
| Destination address |
|--------|--------|----------------|--------------------------------|
| Option + Padding |
|--------|--------|----------------|--------------------------------|
| Data |
|--------|--------|----------------|--------------------------------|
TCP header structure:
16 32 bit
|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|
| Source port | Destination port |
|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|
| Sequence number |
|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|
| Acknowledgement number |
|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|
| Offset | Resrvd |U|A|P|R|S|F| Window |
|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|
| Checksum | Urgent pointer |
|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|
| Option + Padding |
|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|
| Data |
|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|
五. 实现 Sniffer
OK!
现在都清楚了, 还等什么.
下面是我用 BCB6 写的一个 Simple Sniffer 的代码, 仅供参考.
（需要在工程文件里加入WS2_32.LIB这个文件）
<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 28px; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240);">//*************************************************************************// </span>
//* CPP File: WMain.cpp
//* Simple Sniffer by shadowstar
//* http://shadowstar.126.com/
//*************************************************************************//
#include <vcl.h>
#pragma hdrstop
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <ws2tcpip.h>
#include <mstcpip.h>
#include <netmon.h>
#include "WMain.h"
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#pragma package(smart_init)
#pragma resource "*.dfm"
TMainForm *MainForm;
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
__fastcall TMainForm::TMainForm(TComponent* Owner)
: TForm(Owner)
{
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>WSADATA WSAData;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>BOOL flag = true;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>int nTimeout = 1000;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>char LocalName[16];
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>struct hostent *pHost;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>//检查 Winsock 版本号
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &WSAData) != 0)
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>throw Exception("WSAStartup error!");
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>//初始化 Raw Socket
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_RAW)) == INVALID_SOCKET)
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>throw Exception("socket setup error!");
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>//设置IP头操作选项
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>if (setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, (char*)&flag, sizeof(flag)) == SOCKET_ERROR)
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>throw Exception("setsockopt IP_HDRINCL error!");
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>//获取本机名
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>if (gethostname((char*)LocalName, sizeof(LocalName)-1) == SOCKET_ERROR)
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>throw Exception("gethostname error!");
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>//获取本地 IP 地址
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>if ((pHost = gethostbyname((char*)LocalName)) == NULL)
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>throw Exception("gethostbyname error!");
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>addr_in.sin_addr = *(in_addr *)pHost->h_addr_list[0]; //IP
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>addr_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>addr_in.sin_port = htons(57274);
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>//把 sock 绑定到本地地址上
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>if (bind(sock, (PSOCKADDR)&addr_in, sizeof(addr_in)) == SOCKET_ERROR)
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>throw Exception("bind error!");
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>iSortDirection = 1;
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
__fastcall TMainForm::~TMainForm()
{
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>WSACleanup();
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void __fastcall TMainForm::btnCtrlClick(TObject *Sender)
{
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>TListItem *Item;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>DWORD dwValue;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>int nIndex = 0;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>if (btnCtrl->Caption == "&Start")
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>{
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>dwValue = 1;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>//设置 SOCK_RAW 为SIO_RCVALL，以便接收所有的IP包
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>if (ioctlsocket(sock, SIO_RCVALL, &dwValue) != 0)
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>throw Exception("ioctlsocket SIO_RCVALL error!");
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>bStop = false;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>btnCtrl->Caption = "&Stop";
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>lsvPacket->Items->Clear();
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>}
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>else
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>{
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>dwValue = 0;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>bStop = true;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>btnCtrl->Caption = "&Start";
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>//设置SOCK_RAW为SIO_RCVALL，停止接收
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>if (ioctlsocket(sock, SIO_RCVALL, &dwValue) != 0)
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>throw Exception("WSAIoctl SIO_RCVALL error!");
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>}
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>while (!bStop)
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>{
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>if (recv(sock, RecvBuf, BUFFER_SIZE, 0) > 0)
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>{
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>nIndex++;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>ip = *(IP*)RecvBuf;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>tcp = *(TCP*)(RecvBuf + (ip.HdrLen & IP_HDRLEN_MASK));
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Item = lsvPacket->Items->Add();
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Item->Caption = nIndex;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Item->SubItems->Add(GetProtocolTxt(ip.Protocol));
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Item->SubItems->Add(inet_ntoa(*(in_addr*)&ip.SrcAddr));
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Item->SubItems->Add(inet_ntoa(*(in_addr*)&ip.DstAddr));
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Item->SubItems->Add(tcp.SrcPort);
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Item->SubItems->Add(tcp.DstPort);
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Item->SubItems->Add(ntohs(ip.TotalLen));
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>}
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Application->ProcessMessages();
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>}
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AnsiString __fastcall TMainForm::GetProtocolTxt(int Protocol)
{
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>switch (Protocol)
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>{
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>case IPPROTO_ICMP : //1 /* control message protocol */
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>return PROTOCOL_STRING_ICMP_TXT;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>case IPPROTO_TCP : //6 /* tcp */
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>return PROTOCOL_STRING_TCP_TXT;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>case IPPROTO_UDP : //17 /* user datagram protocol */
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>return PROTOCOL_STRING_UDP_TXT;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>default :
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>return PROTOCOL_STRING_UNKNOWN_TXT;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>}
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//*************************************************************************//
//* Header File: WMain.h for WMain.cpp class TMainForm
//*************************************************************************//
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#ifndef WMainH
#define WMainH
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define BUFFER_SIZE 65535
#include <Classes.hpp>
#include <Controls.hpp>
#include <StdCtrls.hpp>
#include <Forms.hpp>
#include <ComCtrls.hpp>
#include <ExtCtrls.hpp>
#include <winsock2.h>
#include "netmon.h"
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
class TMainForm : public TForm
{
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>__published: // IDE-managed Components
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>TPanel *Panel1;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>TButton *btnCtrl;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>TListView *lsvPacket;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>TLabel *Label1;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>void __fastcall btnCtrlClick(TObject *Sender);
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>void __fastcall lsvPacketColumnClick(TObject *Sender, TListColumn *Column);
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>void __fastcall lsvPacketCompare(TObject *Sender, TListItem *Item1, TListItem *Item2, int Data, int &Compare);
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>void __fastcall Label1Click(TObject *Sender);
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>private: // User declarations
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>AnsiString __fastcall GetProtocolTxt(int Protocol);
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>public: // User declarations
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>SOCKET sock;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>SOCKADDR_IN addr_in;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>IP ip;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>TCP tcp;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>PSUHDR psdHeader;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>char RecvBuf[BUFFER_SIZE];
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>bool bStop;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>int iSortDirection;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>int iColumnToSort;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>__fastcall TMainForm(TComponent* Owner);
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>__fastcall ~TMainForm();
};
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
extern PACKAGE TMainForm *MainForm;
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#endif
偷了个懒, IP, TCP 头及一些宏定义用了 netmon.h 的头, 这个文件在 BCB6 的 include 目录下可以找得到, 其中与本程序相关内容如下:
//*************************************************************************//
//* Header File: netmon.h
//*************************************************************************//
//
// IP Packet Structure
//
typedef struct _IP
{
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>union
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>{
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>BYTE Version;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>BYTE HdrLen;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>};
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>BYTE ServiceType;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>WORD TotalLen;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>WORD ID;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>union
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>{
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>WORD Flags;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>WORD FragOff;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>};
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>BYTE TimeToLive;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>BYTE Protocol;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>WORD HdrChksum;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>DWORD SrcAddr;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>DWORD DstAddr;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>BYTE Options[0];
} IP;
typedef IP * LPIP;
typedef IP UNALIGNED * ULPIP;
//
// TCP Packet Structure
//
typedef struct _TCP
{
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>WORD SrcPort;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>WORD DstPort;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>DWORD SeqNum;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>DWORD AckNum;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>BYTE DataOff;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>BYTE Flags;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>WORD Window;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>WORD Chksum;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>WORD UrgPtr;
} TCP;
typedef TCP *LPTCP;
typedef TCP UNALIGNED * ULPTCP;
// upper protocols
#define PROTOCOL_STRING_ICMP_TXT "ICMP"
#define PROTOCOL_STRING_TCP_TXT "TCP"
#define PROTOCOL_STRING_UDP_TXT "UDP"
#define PROTOCOL_STRING_SPX_TXT "SPX"
#define PROTOCOL_STRING_NCP_TXT "NCP"
#define PROTOCOL_STRING_UNKNOW_TXT "UNKNOW"
这个文件也有人声称没有.
//*************************************************************************//
//* Header File: mstcpip.h
//*************************************************************************//
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
#if _MSC_VER > 1000
#pragma once
#endif
/* Argument structure for SIO_KEEPALIVE_VALS */
struct tcp_keepalive {
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>u_long onoff;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>u_long keepalivetime;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>u_long keepaliveinterval;
};
// New WSAIoctl Options
#define SIO_RCVALL _WSAIOW(IOC_VENDOR,1)
#define SIO_RCVALL_MCAST _WSAIOW(IOC_VENDOR,2)
#define SIO_RCVALL_IGMPMCAST _WSAIOW(IOC_VENDOR,3)
#define SIO_KEEPALIVE_VALS _WSAIOW(IOC_VENDOR,4)
#define SIO_ABSORB_RTRALERT _WSAIOW(IOC_VENDOR,5)
#define SIO_UCAST_IF _WSAIOW(IOC_VENDOR,6)
#define SIO_LIMIT_BROADCASTS _WSAIOW(IOC_VENDOR,7)
#define SIO_INDEX_BIND _WSAIOW(IOC_VENDOR,8)
#define SIO_INDEX_MCASTIF _WSAIOW(IOC_VENDOR,9)
#define SIO_INDEX_ADD_MCAST _WSAIOW(IOC_VENDOR,10)
#define SIO_INDEX_DEL_MCAST _WSAIOW(IOC_VENDOR,11)
// Values for use with SIO_RCVALL* options
#define RCVALL_OFF 0
#define RCVALL_ON 1
#define RCVALL_SOCKETLEVELONLY 2现在我们自已的 Sniffer 就做好了, Run, Start......哇, 这么多数据包, 都是从这一台机器上发出的, 它在干什么? 原来 Adminstrator 密码为空, 中了尼姆达病毒!
六. 小结
优点: 实现简单, 不需要做驱动程序就可实现抓包.
缺点: 数据包头不含帧信息, 不能接收到与 IP 同层的其它数据包, 如 ARP, RARP...
这里提供的程序仅仅是一个 Sniffer 的例子, 没有对数据包进行进一步的分析. 写此文的目的在于熟悉Raw Socket 编程方法, 了解 TCP/IP 协议结构原理以及各协议之间的关系.
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