题目:请实现一个函数,把字符串中的每个空格替换成"%20"
。例如输入"We are happy."
,则输出"We%20are%20happy."
。
解题方案:
方案一:从前往后替换空格。每找到一个空格将剩余字符都向后移动两位,并用"%20"
替换空格,由于有的字符会移动不止一次,所以时间复杂度是o(n2)(假设字符串的长度是n,对每个空格字符,需要移动后面O(n)个字符,因此对含有O(n)个空格字符的字符串而言总的时间效率是O(n2)。),要求字符数组的长度要足够长。
方案二:从后往前替换空格。先遍历字符串,计算出字符串的长度和所含空格的数目,则可以计算出新的字符串的长度是原来字符串的长度+空格数目*2,然后从后往前遍历原来字符串,遇到空格则用"%20"
替换,直到没有空格为止。这样每个字符移动的次数只有一次,故时间复杂度是o(n),同样要求字符数组的总长度要足够容纳新的字符串。
故选择方案二。
代码实现如下:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//length是字符数组的总长度
void ReplaceBlank(char string[], int length)
{
if (string == NULL || length <= 0)
{
return;
}
int originalLength = 0;
int numberOfBlank = 0;
int i = 0;
while (string[i] != '\0')
{
++originalLength;
if (string[i] == ' ')
{
++numberOfBlank;
}
++i;
}
//newLength不包括空格
int newLength = originalLength + numberOfBlank * 2;
if (newLength > length)
{
return;
}
int indexOfOriginal = originalLength;
int indexOfNew = newLength;
while (indexOfOriginal >= 0 && indexOfNew > indexOfOriginal)
{
if (string[indexOfOriginal] == ' ')
{
string[indexOfNew--] = '0';
string[indexOfNew--] = '2';
string[indexOfNew--] = '%';
}
else
{
string[indexOfNew--] = string[indexOfOriginal];
}
--indexOfOriginal;
}
}
//测试
void Test(char* testName, char string[], int length, char expected[])
{
if (testName != NULL)
{
cout << testName << " ";
}
ReplaceBlank(string, length);
if (string == NULL && expected == NULL)
{
cout << "Passed." << endl;
}
else if (string == NULL && expected != NULL)
{
cout << "Failed." << endl;
}
else if (strcmp(string, expected) == 0)
{
cout << "Passed." << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "Failed." << endl;
}
}
//字符串中有一个空格
void Test1()
{
const int length = 100;
char string[length] = "hello world";
Test("Test1", string, length, "hello%20world");
}
//字符串头部有一个空格
void Test2()
{
const int length = 100;
char string[length] = " helloworld";
Test("Test2", string, length, "%20helloworld");
}
//字符串尾部有一个空格
void Test3()
{
const int length = 100;
char string[length] = "helloworld ";
Test("Test3", string, length, "helloworld%20");
}
//字符串中有连续空格
void Test4()
{
const int length = 100;
char string[length] = "hello world";
Test("Test4", string, length, "hello%20%20world");
}
//字符串中没有空格
void Test5()
{
const int length = 100;
char string[length] = "helloworld";
Test("Test5", string, length, "helloworld");
}
//输入的字符串为NULL
void Test6()
{
const int length = 100;
Test("Test6", NULL, length, NULL);
}
//输入的字符串是个空串
void Test7()
{
const int length = 100;
char string[length] = "";
Test("Test7", string, length, "");
}
//字符串中只有一个空格
void Test8()
{
const int length = 100;
char string[length] = " ";
Test("Test8", string, length, "%20");
}
//字符串中只有多个空格
void Test9()
{
const int length = 100;
char string[length] = " ";
Test("Test9", string, length, "%20%20%20");
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
Test1();
Test2();
Test3();
Test4();
Test5();
Test6();
Test7();
Test8();
Test9();
return 0;
}
测试结果:
Test1 Passed.
Test2 Passed.
Test3 Passed.
Test4 Passed.
Test5 Passed.
Test6 Passed.
Test7 Passed.
Test8 Passed.
Test9 Passed.