select * from
tb车辆表 a,
(
select id,初次登记日期, dateadd(mm,datediff(mm,-1,初次登记日期),-1) as 末次年审日期,dateadd(YEAR,6,dateadd(mm,datediff(mm,-1,初次登记日期),-1)) as 有效年审期止 from tb车辆表
) b
where a.id=b.id
------------
update a set a...=b....
from
a,b
where a...=b..
不用select 的更新表中某列
update tb车辆表 set 末次年审日期= dateadd(mm,datediff(mm,-1,初次登记日期),-1),有效年审期止=dateadd(YEAR,6,dateadd(mm,datediff(mm,-1,初次登记日期),-1))