python 爬取12306数据

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-22 16:07:30 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-22 16:07:30 发布

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分类专栏： python爬虫文章标签： python requests 12306

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/youseenoonehere/article/details/69389992

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学了好久的 java 换个语言试试就选择了简单易学的python ,学了一段时间看到别人都在爬取12306网站的数据，我也尝试尝试，发现 12306网站的数据更新太快。返回的json数据变得越来越复杂：现在时间是2017,04,06 估计过一段时间12306网站就会改变json数据此代码仅供参考。

爬取网站数据之前先分析这个网站的url

分析12306网站的请求的url:

用Firefox获取12306的url: 以上海到厦门的出发日期为2017-04-15为例子，获取查询的url：

https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query?leftTicketDTO.train_date=2017-04-15&leftTicketDTO.from_station=SHH&leftTicketDTO.to_station=XMS&purpose_codes=ADULT

可以看出发送的数据带的参数有：2017-04-15，SHH，XMS，ADULT四个参数。

第一个参数是日期第四个参数是成年票中间两个参数是出发站和终点站

注意了出发站和终点站不是我们输入的中文而是一个通过字典查询而得到的字符，我们要想输入中文通过程序获取数据必须先转换成规定的字符。

查看页面源代码发现：一行红色代码表示的js文件点进去发现里面有各个城市的字符。下面的代码就是12306网站各个城市的字符表示的字典

<script type="text/javascript" src="/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js?station_version=1.9002" xml:space="preserve"></script>

用程序将此字典写出来： parse_station.py

url='https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js?station_version=1.9002' #根据查看源码查出来的
response=requests.get(url,verify=False)
stations=re.findall(u'([\u4e00-\u9fa5]+)\|([A-Z]+)',response.text)#用正则表达式 来获取车站的拼音和大小写字母的代号信息
pprint(dict(stations),indent=4)

用命令行将此字典写在一个py文件中，stations.py

然后在分析返回的json数据. 先看响应的数据：

{"validateMessagesShowId":"_validatorMessage","status":true,"httpstatus":200,"data":[{"queryLeftNewDTO"
:{"train_no":"5l000D314512","station_train_code":"D3145","start_station_telecode":"AOH","start_station_name"
:"上海虹桥","end_station_telecode":"GZG","end_station_name":"赣州","from_station_telecode":"AOH","from_station_name"
:"上海虹桥","to_station_telecode":"XKS","to_station_name":"厦门北","start_time":"06:40","arrive_time":"14:45"
,"day_difference":"0","train_class_name":"动车","lishi":"08:05","canWebBuy":"Y","lishiValue":"485","yp_info"
:"m52w2TqEAiUy4fp5Yhf9RSKLy8fYunac6Rvz%2BapxcyDM%2FRIC","control_train_day":"20300303","start_train_date"
:"20170415","seat_feature":"O3W3M3","yp_ex":"O0O0M0","train_seat_feature":"3","train_type_code":"2","start_province_code"
:"33","start_city_code":"0712","end_province_code":"11","end_city_code":"1116","seat_types":"OOM","location_code"
:"H2","from_station_no":"01","to_station_no":"20","control_day":29,"sale_time":"1330","is_support_card"
:"1","controlled_train_flag":"0","controlled_train_message":"正常车次，不受控","gg_num":"--","gr_num":"--","qt_num"
:"--","rw_num":"--","rz_num":"--","tz_num":"--","wz_num":"有","yb_num":"--","yw_num":"--","yz_num":"--"
,"ze_num":"有","zy_num":"有","swz_num":"--"},"secretStr":"nfn4wDH5X4a1vcnTjm0%2BeXM8bWAORj9iPaHN28iazhITSi1T5RUXG
%2FoqOFubH39x6wO2rnpzDE37%0AeZSDCB%2BdDaLYYH42sZEJxvMx%2BkAwtrNTnfJNdyBUO59Rkaxl63hhlk5jkZqdrhIZPBcztuc
%2FsS4l%0AzhM5P%2Fj5qDYHmvTEcO5AvtKGACYjQF%2FOgoqviA3a2iNR2dYMqPuzZ6Tz8oKRq%2Fje5ULyOAg2GBaN%0AqmorXR2dZk5q8Wg5ENo7J8JXm5olpk4LTMLzrk28AP8LBjARFFT
%2BGWq04SLFpYHxJWmPLhm3ertT%0AjmHWk2dVPko%3D","buttonTextInfo":"预订"},{"queryLeftNewDTO":{"train_no":"5l000G165120"
,"station_train_code":"G1651","start_station_telecode":"AOH","start_station_name":"上海虹桥","end_station_telecode"
:"XKS","end_station_name":"厦门北","from_station_telecode":"AOH","from_station_name":"上海虹桥","to_station_telecode"
:"XKS","to_station_name":"厦门北","start_time":"06:56","arrive_time":"13:31","day_difference":"0","train_class_name"
:"","lishi":"06:35","canWebBuy":"Y","lishiValue":"395","yp_info":"yCm1bXivTrL%2FS%2F9eRWzYU%2FZPcTBcWQCU6Mvfm6FkQnjFcLwq"
,"control_train_day":"20300303","start_train_date":"20170415","seat_feature":"O3M393","yp_ex":"O0M090"
,"train_seat_feature":"3","train_type_code":"2","start_province_code":"33","start_city_code":"0712","end_province_code"
:"10","end_city_code":"1010","seat_types":"OM9","location_code":"H3","from_station_no":"01","to_station_no"
:"16","control_day":29,"sale_time":"1330","is_support_card":"1","controlled_train_flag":"0","controlled_train_message"
:"正常车次，不受控","gg_num":"--","gr_num":"--","qt_num":"--","rw_num":"--","rz_num":"--","tz_num":"--","wz_num"
:"--","yb_num":"--","yw_num":"--","yz_num":"--","ze_num":"有","zy_num":"16","swz_num":"6"},"secretStr"
:"cg01CuAKMpsM4AnHHJKYCALvgd%2BVYRbq6%2BCYVkF3hl8ln%2FEe1DRY%2BGMopjaOYYy0%2F%2B4kKSE13KoW%0At8rbl%2F
%2FIAZNN1oLWJdfaIR76EYShm3OC4tl77SQv4IUA2IH0PpjJuX2Kr4a3514QRNBs7peEdwMo%0A8hV7eQywPUeS5s5V22wkjU1AJlOJcnsSZCBUdQjf7EEME244Q7CpIOkciiSvr0AoJwbOR6a1jyIE
%0Ayt176eLyy%2Fdso1Qab59HRXmUOumExwfEWEgGtQHAtESY554eS4niNpDjgnS4tx9nh9LciR7iGbeg%0AP4MnXsKg6b4%3D","buttonTextInfo"
:"预订"},{"queryLeftNewDTO":{"train_no":"5l0000D37961","station_train_code":"D379","start_station_telecode"
:"AOH","start_station_name":"上海虹桥","end_station_telecode":"XKS","end_station_name":"厦门北","from_station_telecode"
:"AOH","from_station_name":"上海虹桥","to_station_telecode":"XKS","to_station_name":"厦门北","start_time":"07
:02","arrive_time":"14:51","day_difference":"0","train_class_name":"动车","lishi":"07:49","canWebBuy":"Y"
,"lishiValue":"469","yp_info":"FXS%2B0m5NX3zpIN7dUTz%2FqHkc1Mi2DC%2Fla9wxjBj63wRGpL7I","control_train_day"
:"20300303","start_train_date":"20170415","seat_feature":"O3M3W3","yp_ex":"O0M0O0","train_seat_feature"
:"3","train_type_code":"2","start_province_code":"33","start_city_code":"0712","end_province_code":"10"
,"end_city_code":"1010","seat_types":"OMO","location_code":"H2","from_station_no":"01","to_station_no"
:"19","control_day":29,"sale_time":"1330","is_support_card":"1","controlled_train_flag":"0","controlled_train_message"
:"正常车次，不受控","gg_num":"--","gr_num":"--","qt_num":"--","rw_num":"--","rz_num":"--","tz_num":"--","wz_num"
:"有","yb_num":"--","yw_num":"--","yz_num":"--","ze_num":"有","zy_num":"有","swz_num":"--"},"secretStr"
:"OxNVARwGeXP4NsCKH36O5EfnJ4LSNwjZI6g531wXEKV2nkWvA6XYcqj12xetxBTbmy7COlEmQsOn%0A4jAd3w19F1FtHH%2FM6K3zioH8e56EGmNkjULThZ8361
%2FbhMVj4fAqHTimODJE1B3rByuPpN1VQRLo%0A0KIUBekY3c7D7h8349yvc6Oc%2Fi7KAYGrd1xR3XCasHTeb%2FOvHSLpSv1RDsPkKbbRYeDmGdqR
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%3D","buttonTextInfo":"预订"},{"queryLeftNewDTO":{"train_no":"5l000D313141","station_train_code":"D3131"
,"start_station_telecode":"AOH","start_station_name":"上海虹桥","end_station_telecode":"LYS","end_station_name"
:"龙岩","from_station_telecode":"AOH","from_station_name":"上海虹桥","to_station_telecode":"XKS","to_station_name"
:"厦门北","start_time":"07:37","arrive_time":"15:24","day_difference":"0","train_class_name":"动车","lishi"
:"07:47","canWebBuy":"Y","lishiValue":"467","yp_info":"J69f%2Bx16C6c5t2ZMZpydMHJyD0O185fCYvQSWAamHhOOmY6j"
,"control_train_day":"20300303","start_train_date":"20170415","seat_feature":"O3M3W3","yp_ex":"O0M0O0"
,"train_seat_feature":"3","train_type_code":"2","start_province_code":"33","start_city_code":"0712","end_province_code"
:"10","end_city_code":"1008","seat_types":"OMO","location_code":"H2","from_station_no":"01","to_station_no"
:"19","control_day":29,"sale_time":"1330","is_support_card":"1","controlled_train_flag":"0","controlled_train_message"
:"正常车次，不受控","gg_num":"--","gr_num":"--","qt_num":"--","rw_num":"--","rz_num":"--","tz_num":"--","wz_num"
:"有","yb_num":"--","yw_num":"--","yz_num":"--","ze_num":"有","zy_num":"有","swz_num":"--"},"secretStr"
:"DgXerjtxxBpI4sEdNBEt8sw6hg5ngxIQqHgYVkmNWyL%2F%2Bj5fwJ8H6Hr4f4zhEvMeNwDG2luMs%2Fn7%0At5amG%2FCsnEetHHupaUEUFfOUO5xli8COdRJkAfsw2BurhFtge9
%2B2CBrSTm1dCCz88ZFAJ50%2B8aU5%0AJLQvKKOsm8kzxH0SD%2FcO%2FPP1KV9QAkrsQPR8nuuhNQGM1XEJXTi70pJS9u2EXfz3WtXQzr
%2BhEinG%0A5bKwF%2FJmuUIDO%2FVDB74%2BUfBoJpGsz9cLsYe8IukYdGhdjFyfwxujFtmz3IOmUKyK%2BNPJCyERHIj7%0AdbJRtr8
%2F8Qk%3D","buttonTextInfo":"预订"},{"queryLeftNewDTO":{"train_no":"5l000D228732","station_train_code"
:"D2287","start_station_telecode":"AOH","start_station_name":"上海虹桥","end_station_telecode":"IOQ","end_station_name"
:"深圳北","from_station_telecode":"AOH","from_station_name":"上海虹桥","to_station_telecode":"XKS","to_station_name"
:"厦门北","start_time":"07:47","arrive_time":"15:39","day_difference":"0","train_class_name":"动车","lishi"
:"07:52","canWebBuy":"Y","lishiValue":"472","yp_info":"M3FI%2B3%2BMitREyebtofZjmY%2BkScD4GMjuoYvd3%2FXtp0MRg5Gc"
,"control_train_day":"20300303","start_train_date":"20170415","seat_feature":"O3M3W3","yp_ex":"O0M0O0"
,"train_seat_feature":"3","train_type_code":"2","start_province_code":"33","start_city_code":"0712","end_province_code"
:"16","end_city_code":"1505","seat_types":"OMO","location_code":"H2","from_station_no":"01","to_station_no"
:"18","control_day":29,"sale_time":"1330","is_support_card":"1","controlled_train_flag":"0","controlled_train_message"
:"正常车次，不受控","gg_num":"--","gr_num":"--","qt_num":"--","rw_num":"--","rz_num":"--","tz_num":"--","wz_num"
:"有","yb_num":"--","yw_num":"--","yz_num":"--","ze_num":"有","zy_num":"20","swz_num":"--"},"secretStr"
:"2XBCLjNDUUD%2Fi5Gz%2BJDsNJprCAngK2IdM8ZS7%2FyN784w76BFs6XlpoXweiR%2Fce%2BLCPQ7GYlY7I6s%0AfwLmnqjraWlyQo
%2FjA8kFtG%2F8%2FpEBFg0WgBy8kWJtQr8SkOMm91kG%2FmPg9agpN4hor2gPClrE1jV4%0AN%2BnsjUZu9kl%2F40wect8FC7YtIALR5pLtG4
%2F0jXwNakWbkEB%2FtP7e%2F1ZLScabhzBMXifAQxhSnw0m%0A7%2FNr7CrzlAI3zGwj1yOjbdS6lpIJLeYU1e7PS3z0r%2BTloXiL0KNGTzsozFWh9npDbCKadZFOpC
%2BB%0A1GmZ3KWSW0Q%3D","buttonTextInfo":"预订"},{"queryLeftNewDTO":{"train_no":"5l000G165340","station_train_code"
:"G1653","start_station_telecode":"AOH","start_station_name":"上海虹桥","end_station_telecode":"XKS","end_station_name"
:"厦门北","from_station_telecode":"AOH","from_station_name":"上海虹桥","to_station_telecode":"XKS","to_station_name"
:"厦门北","start_time":"08:15","arrive_time":"14:40","day_difference":"0","train_class_name":"","lishi"
:"06:25","canWebBuy":"Y","lishiValue":"385","yp_info":"wzGmxyz%2BnCa86MzmWs6ROwj2vzxW08v7BAACl60FlUnzW5Ue"
,"control_train_day":"20300303","start_train_date":"20170415","seat_feature":"O3M393","yp_ex":"O0M090"
,"train_seat_feature":"3","train_type_code":"2","start_province_code":"33","start_city_code":"0712","end_province_code"
:"10","end_city_code":"1010","seat_types":"OM9","location_code":"H3","from_station_no":"01","to_station_no"
:"14","control_day":29,"sale_time":"1330","is_support_card":"1","controlled_train_flag":"0","controlled_train_message"
:"正常车次，不受控","gg_num":"--","gr_num":"--","qt_num":"--","rw_num":"--","rz_num":"--","tz_num":"--","wz_num"
:"--","yb_num":"--","yw_num":"--","yz_num":"--","ze_num":"有","zy_num":"7","swz_num":"7"},"secretStr"
:"gVepie42upRbMrkshtszP1a5jybIkOQ9ILFjOJriM3aO%2Ft6x%2BU%2BIhjAHhRQp%2FHms5TxosRHI2d6h%0A59AacZbqjL9rfY
%2BSLXPZNQnVDndozRpPqJBGEXZzuNB9pFZKDDhfCBxqOMzjCkcRuTyuSsUhjGeO%0AE9yZuLtsqLgKUmFbJ8zzOVO07%2FN%2BhcJBxMBCUb6dwidL5TO2IgrPLNzL
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%0AEZ3bdcFOr5o%3D","buttonTextInfo":"预订"},{"queryLeftNewDTO":{"train_no":"5l000D320191","station_train_code"
:"D3201","start_station_telecode":"AOH","start_station_name":"上海虹桥","end_station_telecode":"XKS","end_station_name"
:"厦门北","from_station_telecode":"AOH","from_station_name":"上海虹桥","to_station_telecode":"XKS","to_station_name"
:"厦门北","start_time":"08:20","arrive_time":"16:15","day_difference":"0","train_class_name":"动车","lishi"
:"07:55","canWebBuy":"Y","lishiValue":"475","yp_info":"qb6wctGkQMt8Y%2FpwDKe%2FTSmLJEIMZXscLxDj4oL4VV05xg1c"
,"control_train_day":"20300303","start_train_date":"20170415","seat_feature":"O3M3W3","yp_ex":"O0M0O0"
,"train_seat_feature":"3","train_type_code":"2","start_province_code":"33","start_city_code":"0712","end_province_code"
:"10","end_city_code":"1010","seat_types":"OMO","location_code":"H3","from_station_no":"01","to_station_no"
:"19","control_day":29,"sale_time":"1330","is_support_card":"1","controlled_train_flag":"0","controlled_train_message"
:"正常车次，不受控","gg_num":"--","gr_num":"--","qt_num":"--","rw_num":"--","rz_num":"--","tz_num":"--","wz_num"
:"有","yb_num":"--","yw_num":"--","yz_num":"--","ze_num":"有","zy_num":"有","swz_num":"--"},"secretStr"
:"W2bE9EVVG9%2BTu9OiM9qkg%2BnVtyW0BNetloJIDSzWLKE8MRTbXnyw69C9K1GhuRU2veWT%2BiymcYKn%0AkA7TJe9nK3aT2bO4toervH2sfjVSmhjXIve
%2BfmgFkR5nGmVpBQfbE6%2B%2FN3xmvvotEnNT5Qzk4VUv%0ACOyAvZnhu6vWSe780txN%2Fg5LsZzDAaY8aqPQ6mNg9AuNjdT7Z
%2BHqPw%2BXGVgPRjB635Df7tY3StZb%0AiNV9hAWBUtsZbCRXOWHCCv1JelhrcxbkHpuGNJJupSVYjSlhtYG3lGRTUu6AZEfLuzTF1zof3
%2FRd%0Apf6ZdtfG2vQ%3D","buttonTextInfo":"预订"},{"queryLeftNewDTO":{"train_no":"54000D312511","station_train_code"
:"D3125","start_station_telecode":"NJH","start_station_name":"南京","end_station_telecode":"IOQ","end_station_name"
:"深圳北","from_station_telecode":"AOH","from_station_name":"上海虹桥","to_station_telecode":"XKS","to_station_name"
:"厦门北","start_time":"08:49","arrive_time":"16:53","day_difference":"0","train_class_name":"动车","lishi"
:"08:04","canWebBuy":"Y","lishiValue":"484","yp_info":"2zVLB%2BBDRl4SVIzcqNFxNTmPwEHWqsEr%2Bo1rdRidxO6tr2fd"
,"control_train_day":"20300303","start_train_date":"20170415","seat_feature":"O3M3W3","yp_ex":"O0M0O0"
,"train_seat_feature":"3","train_type_code":"2","start_province_code":"07","start_city_code":"0705","end_province_code"
:"16","end_city_code":"1505","seat_types":"OMO","location_code":"HZ","from_station_no":"07","to_station_no"
:"26","control_day":29,"sale_time":"1330","is_support_card":"1","controlled_train_flag":"0","controlled_train_message"
:"正常车次，不受控","gg_num":"--","gr_num":"--","qt_num":"--","rw_num":"--","rz_num":"--","tz_num":"--","wz_num"
:"无","yb_num":"--","yw_num":"--","yz_num":"--","ze_num":"20","zy_num":"10","swz_num":"--"},"secretStr"
:"xd5%2BzR%2BgOFZfAr4OZkyYDly7HZxNh32NTz00RHSxJi%2Bo96x%2FVGR%2FLybwYWwxnu3AQ0ZBqoEKo12C%0A2pQwjFUVleKYDRdJLjKZ0nifOHbwsNaDIkXgoZLOgri6PFgMymqtPQhXxAONuOrd10p7G
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:"预订"},{"queryLeftNewDTO":{"train_no":"5l000D228521","station_train_code":"D2285","start_station_telecode"
:"AOH","start_station_name":"上海虹桥","end_station_telecode":"IOQ","end_station_name":"深圳北","from_station_telecode"
:"AOH","from_station_name":"上海虹桥","to_station_telecode":"XKS","to_station_name":"厦门北","start_time":"09
:05","arrive_time":"16:59","day_difference":"0","train_class_name":"动车","lishi":"07:54","canWebBuy":"Y"
,"lishiValue":"474","yp_info":"2TM8odGmbyMaYmKdQQx%2FfqHG2o3%2BxTuwOG5Pm18c%2FTRk%2BcMt","control_train_day"
:"20300303","start_train_date":"20170415","seat_feature":"O3M3W3","yp_ex":"O0M0O0","train_seat_feature"
:"3","train_type_code":"2","start_province_code":"33","start_city_code":"0712","end_province_code":"16"
,"end_city_code":"1505","seat_types":"OMO","location_code":"H2","from_station_no":"01","to_station_no"
:"20","control_day":29,"sale_time":"1330","is_support_card":"1","controlled_train_flag":"0","controlled_train_message"
:"正常车次，不受控","gg_num":"--","gr_num":"--","qt_num":"--","rw_num":"--","rz_num":"--","tz_num":"--","wz_num"
:"有","yb_num":"--","yw_num":"--","yz_num":"--","ze_num":"有","zy_num":"6","swz_num":"--"},"secretStr"
:"RuWI9TF8tj66QmzCv5C44hYv89EB1oBhnvPrk7s7qidd%2BmngigfysUvtUePIQ0Fg71PDTpQ8j5%2B4%0A2ME6i0mHwptmLYVBzJnge46c
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,"control_train_day":"20300303","start_train_date":"20170415","seat_feature":"O3M393","yp_ex":"O0M090"
,"train_seat_feature":"3","train_type_code":"2","start_province_code":"33","start_city_code":"0712","end_province_code"
:"10","end_city_code":"1010","seat_types":"OM9","location_code":"H3","from_station_no":"01","to_station_no"
:"17","control_day":29,"sale_time":"1330","is_support_card":"1","controlled_train_flag":"0","controlled_train_message"
:"正常车次，不受控","gg_num":"--","gr_num":"--","qt_num":"--","rw_num":"--","rz_num":"--","tz_num":"--","wz_num"
:"--","yb_num":"--","yw_num":"--","yz_num":"--","ze_num":"有","zy_num":"有","swz_num":"16"},"secretStr"
:"TYj5Sg5JKa%2FZ30cfhlRVMSmGWpGeIavwK8Ws4MTftw1RmF0Ogb50AXpKqLVeBFLZG4byeUEr9DEQ%0A7W9paUP1G39NyMAwU3xIgQUxfUm3QjI3kOH1JaatD7OgcWygyaSH37dyi1QCkp1NPJeqoKlgBRDi
%0ADaI%2BSxD4b%2F%2B60S6URg3B4MjsKLRFRRY1BAOr0xWetqGtADVyO4kmjnK3xbjIkYpdZM6MoeeQZNLB%0AusdFPIGJS2iEOOj7DAbwQjKV0UErCcM3DDGncPziZWJCqKt67m0JX1RiBzM3LXqQtObY9ysLCv5w
%0As7kyxP6kCuk%3D","buttonTextInfo":"预订"},{"queryLeftNewDTO":{"train_no":"54000D314100","station_train_code"
:"D3141","start_station_telecode":"NJH","start_station_name":"南京","end_station_telecode":"LYS","end_station_name"
:"龙岩","from_station_telecode":"AOH","from_station_name":"上海虹桥","to_station_telecode":"XKS","to_station_name"
:"厦门北","start_time":"13:19","arrive_time":"21:11","day_difference":"0","train_class_name":"动车","lishi"
:"07:52","canWebBuy":"Y","lishiValue":"472","yp_info":"tah06tClsdriIygBHjF1oav2eGuTy9L9cWdmerRhnOau3THp"
,"control_train_day":"20300303","start_train_date":"20170415","seat_feature":"O3W3M3","yp_ex":"O0O0M0"
,"train_seat_feature":"3","train_type_code":"2","start_province_code":"07","start_city_code":"0705","end_province_code"
:"10","end_city_code":"1008","seat_types":"OOM","location_code":"H2","from_station_no":"06","to_station_no"
:"25","control_day":29,"sale_time":"1330","is_support_card":"1","controlled_train_flag":"0","controlled_train_message"
:"正常车次，不受控","gg_num":"--","gr_num":"--","qt_num":"--","rw_num":"--","rz_num":"--","tz_num":"--","wz_num"
:"无","yb_num":"--","yw_num":"--","yz_num":"--","ze_num":"有","zy_num":"10","swz_num":"--"},"secretStr"
:"ycIfcVlppP506Y%2Bj8kF%2FRJyYkUs%2FMh%2FQO76LDEgPAbmNqHlKw%2F73ZbSntHqCynzU7brhJSGl9Xux%0AWHu8BrJbzG
%2B2DkMf%2FeSLnXkKV1O8DDzJOTtTaE73PdxbxSDeomJnp92Q7Tqfeu%2FVafehRh23xcsH%0AFCoSa29fwsSY1fIukoLpPjMjEXvpoXoua9NBUAiHPvV75Wcpt
%2Fqm%2Bp6IPNfza6CGwSbWB13Rg8yi%0AqmTKfVTXrcz5f7GNXx2lESBon1JTJp54YiHB7fOJG76BoxiBYVBfCn0HM7lzoFfJEugLY9dzMpf2
%0AO%2Bhfcgt%2FeCU%3D","buttonTextInfo":"预订"}],"messages":[],"validateMessages":{}}

可以看到，我们要获取的数据在 data 中的 queryLeftNewDTO 这个是嵌套了三层的json数据，开始遍历出来我们想要的数据。

def Hjson(json1,i=0):
    if (isinstance(json1,dict)):#判断传入的是否是json对象，不是json对象就返回异常
        for item in json1:
                # print("ss %s"%json1[item])
                if (isinstance(json1[item],list)):
                    for i in json1[item]:
                        # print("aa %s"%i)
                        if (isinstance(i,dict)):
                            for j in i:
                                if j=='queryLeftNewDTO':
                                    # print("你 才 %s"%i[j])
                                    # return i[j]
                                    print('车次  %s  ' % i[j]['station_train_code'])
                                    print('出发站 %s' % i[j]['start_station_name'])
                                    print('到达站 %s' % i[j]['end_station_name'])
                                    print('出发时间 %s' % i[j]['start_time'])
                                    print('到达时间 %s' % i[j]['arrive_time'])
                                    print('历时 %s' % i[j]['lishi'])
                                    print('硬座 %s'%i[j]['yz_num'])
                                    print('软座 %s '%i[j]['rz_num'])
                                    print('硬卧 %s '%i[j]['yw_num'])
                                    print('软卧 %s'%i[j]['rw_num'])

这样就可以得到我们要的数据了，然后进行输出就行。
附上主代码 huoche.py 此程序采用命令行的形式表示并调用，如果读者嫌麻烦的话可以直接在pycharm中输出，不用使用命令行。

#火车票查询
"""命令行火车票查看器

Usage:
    tickets [-gdtkz] <from> <to> <date>

Options:
    -h,--help   显示帮助菜单
    -g          高铁
    -d          动车
    -t          特快
    -k          快速
    -z          直达

Example:
    tickets 北京 上海 2016-10-10
    tickets -dg 成都 南京 2016-10-10
"""
from docopt import docopt#命令行公式 用命令行运行
from stations import stations #引入搜索字典
import requests
import json
import urllib
from requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning
#禁用安全警告
requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings(InsecureRequestWarning)

def Hjson(json1,i=0):
    if (isinstance(json1,dict)):#判断传入的是否是json对象，不是json对象就返回异常
        for item in json1:
                # print("ss %s"%json1[item])
                if (isinstance(json1[item],list)):
                    for i in json1[item]:
                        # print("aa %s"%i)
                        if (isinstance(i,dict)):
                            for j in i:
                                if j=='queryLeftNewDTO':
                                    # print("你 才 %s"%i[j])
                                    # return i[j]
                                    print('车次  %s  ' % i[j]['station_train_code'])
                                    print('出发站 %s' % i[j]['start_station_name'])
                                    print('到达站 %s' % i[j]['end_station_name'])
                                    print('出发时间 %s' % i[j]['start_time'])
                                    print('到达时间 %s' % i[j]['arrive_time'])
                                    print('历时 %s' % i[j]['lishi'])
                                    print('硬座 %s'%i[j]['yz_num'])
                                    print('软座 %s '%i[j]['rz_num'])
                                    print('硬卧 %s '%i[j]['yw_num'])
                                    print('软卧 %s'%i[j]['rw_num'])
                                # print("qq%s"%j)

            # 如果item对应的value还是json对象，就调用这个函数进行递归，并且层深i加1，如果不是，直接z在else处进行打印
            # if (isinstance(json1[item],list)):#打印item和其对应的value
            #     for i in json1[item]:
            #         if(isinstance(i,'queryLeftNewDTO')):
            #             for j in i:
            #                 if(isinstance(j,'station_train_code')):
            #                     print("火车编号是 %s"%i[j])
            #     # print("*****"*i+"%s : %s"%(item,json1[item]))
            #     Hjson(json1[item],i=i+1)#调用函数进行递归，i加1
            # else:
            #     # print("*****"*i+"%s  : %s "%(item,json1[item]))#程序入口，对adict进行处理，第二个参数可以不传
            #     print('123')

    else:
        print("json数据错误")

def cli():
    """ 命令行接口  """
    arguments=docopt(__doc__)
    from_station=stations.get(arguments['<from>'])#始发站
    to_station=stations.get(arguments['<to>']) #到达站
    date=arguments['<date>'] #日期
    # print(date,from_station,to_station)
    #https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/log?leftTicketDTO.train_date=2017-04-18&leftTicketDTO.from_station=SHH&leftTicketDTO.to_station=BJP&purpose_codes=ADULT
    #https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/queryX?leftTicketDTO.train_date=2017-04-18&leftTicketDTO.from_station=SHH&leftTicketDTO.to_station=BJP&purpose_codes=ADULT
    #构建url
    url='https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/queryX?leftTicketDTO.train_date={}&leftTicketDTO.from_station={}&leftTicketDTO.to_station={}&purpose_codes=ADULT'.format(
        date,from_station,to_station
    )
    # print(url)
    # url1 = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/lcxxcx/query?purpose_codes=ADULT&queryDate={}&from_station={}&to_station={}'.format(
    #     date, from_station, to_station
    # )
    # 添加verify=False 参数 不验证证书
    # r=requests.get(url,verify=False)
    # print(r.json())
    # r=requests.get(url)
    # print(r.json())
    r = requests.get(url, verify=False)
    Hjson(r.json())

if __name__=='__main__':
    cli()

运行截图：

显示的格式没调，读者可以自己在改变一下输出格式使之变得的更加好看。