Summary:Synchronized and Unsynchronized Collections, Properties
-In many applications, there is no need for synchronization, so the Collections API doesnot provide it by default. Instead, you can create a synchronized version of any collection
-The java.util.Properties class is a specialized hash table for strings. Properties are generally used to hold textual configuration data.
You can save a Properties table to an OutputStream using the save() method. The property information is output in a flat ASCII format.
-The load() method reads the previously saved contents of a Properties object from an InputStream
-The Properties class also contains storeToXML() and loadFromXML() methods. These operate just like the save() and load() methods but write an XML file like the following
-The java.lang.System class provides access to basic system environment information through the static System.getProperties() method. This method returns a Properties table that contains system properties.
-In many applications, there is no need for synchronization, so the Collections API doesnot provide it by default. Instead, you can create a synchronized version of any collection
using the following methods of the Collections class:
public static Collection synchronizedCollection(Collection c)
public static Set synchronizedSet(Set s)
public static List synchronizedList(List list)
public static Map synchronizedMap(Map m)
public static SortedSet synchronizedSortedSet(SortedSet s)
public static SortedMap synchronizedSortedMap(SortedMap m)
-For example, the following shows how to create a threadsafe List
List list = new ArrayList();
List syncList = Collections.synchronizedList(list);
-This is important, so remember this! Although synchronized collections are threadsafe, the Iterator s returned from them are not.
synchronized(syncList) {
Iterator iterator = syncList.iterator();
// do stuff with the iterator here
}
-The java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap class is part of the concurrency utilities package and provides a Map that performs well under multithreaded access.
-You can use the Collections class to create read-only versions of any collection
public static Collection unmodifiableCollection(Collection c)
public static Set unmodifiableSet(Set s)
public static List unmodifiableList(List list)
public static Map unmodifiableMap(Map m)
public static SortedSet unmodifiableSortedSet(SortedSet s)
public static SortedMap unmodifiableSortedMap(SortedMap m)
-The java.util.Properties class is a specialized hash table for strings. Properties are generally used to hold textual configuration data.
-Any string values can be stored as key/value pairs in a Properties table. However, the convention is to use a dot-separated naming hierarchy to group property names into
logical structures.
Properties props = new Properties();
props.setProperty("myApp.xsize", "52");
props.setProperty("myApp.ysize", "79");
String xsize = props.getProperty( "myApp.xsize" );
You can save a Properties table to an OutputStream using the save() method. The property information is output in a flat ASCII format.
props.save( System.out, "Application Parameters" );
-The load() method reads the previously saved contents of a Properties object from an InputStream
FileInputStream fin;
...
Properties props = new Properties()
props.load( fin );
-The Properties class also contains storeToXML() and loadFromXML() methods. These operate just like the save() and load() methods but write an XML file like the following
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM "http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd"
>
<properties>
<comment>My Properties</comment>
<entry key="myApp.ysize">79</entry>
<entry key="myApp.xsize">52</entry>
</properties>
-The java.lang.System class provides access to basic system environment information through the static System.getProperties() method. This method returns a Properties table that contains system properties.
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