-
1.设置Pojo为实体
- @Entity //标识这个pojo是一个jpa实体
- public class Users implements Serializable {
- }
2.设置表名
- @Entity
- @Table (name = "users" ) //指定表名为users
- public class Users implements Serializable {
- }
3.设置主键
- public class Users implements Serializable {
- @Id
- private String userCode;
4. 设置字段类型
通过@Column注解设置,包含的设置如下
.name:字段名
.unique:是否唯一
.nullable:是否可以为空
.inserttable:是否可以插入
.updateable:是否可以更新
.columnDefinition: 定义建表时创建此列的DDL
.secondaryTable: 从表名。如果此列不建在主表上(默认建在主表),该属性定义该列所在从表的名字。
- @Column (name = "user_code" , nullable = false , length= 32 ) //设置属性userCode对应的字段为user_code,长度为32,非空
- private String userCode;
- @Column (name = "user_wages" , nullable = true , precision= 12 , scale= 2 ) //设置属性wages对应的字段为user_wages,12位数字可保留两位小数,可以为空
- private double wages;
- @Temporal (TemporalType.DATE) //设置为时间类型
- private Date joinDate;
5.字段排序
在加载数据的时候可以为其指定顺序,使用@OrderBy注解实现
- @Table (name = "USERS" )
- public class User {
- @OrderBy (name = "group_name ASC, name DESC" )
- private List books = new ArrayList();
- }
6.主键生成策略
- public class Users implements Serializable {
- @Id
- @GeneratedValue (strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY) //主键自增,注意,这种方式依赖于具体的数据库,如果数据库不支持自增主键,那么这个类型是没法用的
- @Column (name = "user_id" , nullable = false )
- private int userId;
- public class Users implements Serializable {
- @Id
- @GeneratedValue (strategy=GenerationType.TABLE) //通过一个表来实现主键id的自增,这种方式不依赖于具体的数据库,可以解决数据迁移的问题
- @Column (name = "user_code" , nullable = false )
- private String userCode;
- public class Users implements Serializable {
- @Id
- @GeneratedValue (strategy=GenerationType.SEQUENCE) //通过Sequence来实现表主键自增,这种方式依赖于数据库是否有SEQUENCE,如果没有就不能用
- @SequenceGenerator (name= "seq_user" )
- @Column (name = "user_id" , nullable = false )
- private int userId;
7.一对多映射关系
有T_One和T_Many两个表,他们是一对多的关系,注解范例如下
主Pojo
- @Entity
- @Table (name = "T_ONE" )
- public class One implements Serializable {
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
- @Id
- @Column (name = "ONE_ID" , nullable = false )
- private String oneId;
- @Column (name = "DESCRIPTION" )
- private String description;
- @OneToMany (cascade = CascadeType.ALL, mappedBy = "oneId" ) //指向多的那方的pojo的关联外键字段
- private Collection<Many> manyCollection;
子Pojo
- @Entity
- @Table (name = "T_MANY" )
- public class Many implements Serializable {
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
- @Id
- @Column (name = "MANY_ID" , nullable = false )
- private String manyId;
- @Column (name = "DESCRIPTION" )
- private String description;
- @JoinColumn (name = "ONE_ID" , referencedColumnName = "ONE_ID" ) //设置对应数据表的列名和引用的数据表的列名
- @ManyToOne //设置在“一方”pojo的外键字段上
- private One oneId;
8.多对多映射关系
貌似多对多关系不需要设置级联,以前用hibernate的时候着实为多对多的级联头疼了一阵子,JPA的多对多还需要实际的尝试一下才能有所体会。
估计JPA的多对多也是可以转换成两个一对多的。
第一个Pojo
- @Entity
- @Table (name = "T_MANYA" )
- public class ManyA implements Serializable {
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
- @Id
- @Column (name = "MANYA_ID" , nullable = false )
- private String manyaId;
- @Column (name = "DESCRIPTION" )
- private String description;
- @ManyToMany
- @JoinTable (name = "TMANY1_TMANY2" , joinColumns = { @JoinColumn (name = "MANYA_ID" , referencedColumnName = "MANYA_ID" )}, inverseJoinColumns = { @JoinColumn (name = "MANYB_ID" , referencedColumnName = "MANYB_ID" )})
- private Collection<ManyB> manybIdCollection;
第二个Pojo
- @Entity
- @Table (name = "T_MANYB" )
- public class ManyB implements Serializable {
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
- @Id
- @Column (name = "MANYB_ID" , nullable = false )
- private String manybId;
- @Column (name = "DESCRIPTION" )
- private String description;
- @ManyToMany (mappedBy = "manybIdCollection" )
- private Collection<ManyA> manyaIdCollection;
9.一对一映射关系
主Pojo
- @Entity
- @Table (name = "T_ONEA" )
- public class OneA implements Serializable {
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
- @Id
- @Column (name = "ONEA_ID" , nullable = false )
- private String oneaId;
- @Column (name = "DESCRIPTION" )
- private String description;
- @OneToOne (cascade = CascadeType.ALL, mappedBy = "oneA" ) //主Pojo这方的设置比较简单,只要设置好级联和映射到从Pojo的外键就可以了。
- private OneB oneB;
- @Entity
- @Table (name = "T_ONEB" )
- public class OneB implements Serializable {
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
- @Id
- @Column (name = "ONEA_ID" , nullable = false )
- private String oneaId;
- @Column (name = "DESCRIPTION" )
- private String description;
- @JoinColumn (name = "ONEA_ID" , referencedColumnName = "ONEA_ID" , insertable = false , updatable = false ) //设置从方指向主方的关联外键,这个ONEA_ID其实是表T_ONEA的主键
- @OneToOne
- private OneA oneA;
10 大字段
- @Lob //对应Blob字段类型
- @Column (name = "PHOTO" )
- private Serializable photo;
- @Lob //对应Clob字段类型
- @Column (name = "DESCRIPTION" )
- private String description;
11.瞬时字段
不需要与数据库映射的字段,在保存的时候不需要保存倒数据库
- @Transient
- private int tempValue;
- public int getTempValue(){
- get tempValue;
- }
- public void setTempValue( int value){
- this .tempValue = value;
- }
JPA 注解的几个要点
最新推荐文章于 2023-07-16 16:38:18 发布