struts2简单入门及注解的使用

最新推荐文章于 2023-02-01 15:02:30 发布

Julyday7

最新推荐文章于 2023-02-01 15:02:30 发布

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分类专栏： struts2 文章标签： struts2.0 注解

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/yy6090/article/details/52798026

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struts2作为一个老牌的mvc框架，他在很多项目中都有运用，今天我们来一起简单回顾和学习下他。

一：简单的helloworld

创建一个maven工程test_struts2.

pom文件：

<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>4.12</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>

		<!-- servlet -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
			<version>3.0-alpha-1</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
			<version>1.2</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- struts2 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
			<artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
			<version>2.3.4.1</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

web.xml我们加上struts2的过滤器

<!-- Struts2配置 -->
	<filter>
		<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>

写一个HelloAction

public class HelloAction extends ActionSupport{
	
	public String execute(){
		System.out.println("HelloAction execute()...");
		return "success";
	}
}

写一个struts.xml文件放在resources目录下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
	<package name="basePackage" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
    	<action name="hello" class="com.julyday.action.HelloAction">
    		<result name="success">/jsp/hello/hello.jsp</result>
    	</action>
	</package>
</struts>

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
    pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>hello.jsp</title>
</head>
<body>
	this is julyday hello.jsp.
</body>
</html>

struts节点下最常用的三个标签：

package：包，struts用package来组织action。

package标签下的标签：

action：处理的action，方法及返回

constant：struts的常用配置信息。

常用配置的默认值可以查看struts-core.jar目录下的org.apache.struts2下的default.properties文件

include：包含其他子包。

ok，部署下项目就可以访问了。http://localhost:8080/test_struts2/hello.action

接着我们把其他标签也写了一下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
	<package name="basePackage" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
		<!-- 返回类型，struts2为我们提供了丰富的返回类型 -->
		<!--  <result-types></result-types>-->
		
		<!-- 拦截器 -->
		<interceptors>  
		    <interceptor name="myInterceptor" class="com.julyday.interceptor.MyInterceptor"/>  
		    <interceptor-stack name="myStack" >  
		        <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>  
		        <interceptor-ref name="myInterceptor"/>  
		    </interceptor-stack>  
		</interceptors> 
		
		<!-- 默认的拦截器栈，建议不要修改 -->
		<default-interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
		
		<!-- 默认的action处理类 -->
		<default-action-ref name="default-action"></default-action-ref>
		
		<!-- 系统默认的class为ActionSupport,与default-action-ref同时出现时，执行class -->
		<default-class-ref class="com.julyday.action.DefaultClassRefAction"/>  
		
		<!-- 全局返回结果 -->
		<global-results>  
            <result name="index">/index.jsp</result> 
            <result name="arithmetic">/jsp/arithmetic.jsp</result>   
        </global-results>
        
		<!-- 异常处理页面 -->
		<global-exception-mappings>  
            <exception-mapping result="arithmetic" exception="java.lang.ArithmeticException"/>  
        </global-exception-mappings>
        
        <!-- actions -->
    	<action name="default-action">
    		<result name="success">/jsp/hello/hello.jsp</result>
    	</action>
    	<action name="hello" class="com.julyday.action.HelloAction">
    		<result name="success">/jsp/hello/hello.jsp</result>
    		<interceptor-ref name="myStack"/>
    	</action>
	</package>
	
</struts>

public class DefaultClassRefAction extends ActionSupport{
	
	public String execute(){
		System.out.println("DefaultClassRefAction execute()...");
		return "index";
	}
}

public class MyInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor{

	@Override
	public String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception {
		Action action = (Action) invocation.getAction();
		long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
		String result = invocation.invoke();
		long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
		System.out.println("MyInterceptor 拦截"+action.getClass().getName()+"，执行该action时间是"+(end-start));
		return result;
	}

}

public class HelloAction extends ActionSupport{
	
	public String execute(){
		System.out.println("HelloAction execute()...");
		int i = 1/0;
		return "success";
	}
}

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
    pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>arithmetic.jsp</title>
</head>
<body>
	this is an arithmetic exception page.
</body>
</html>

分别测试下：

http://localhost:8080/test_struts2/hello.action

结果：到了异常页面this is an arithmetic exception page.

去掉除法再执行一次，拦截器也启作用了。

http://localhost:8080/test_struts2/xxx.action

结果：julyday Hello World!

显然实际项目里面没这么简单，至少我们还需要和前台交互，交互的话就需要servlet API了。

public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport implements ServletRequestAware{
	
	private String name;
	private String password;
	
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}
	
	private HttpServletRequest request;
	@Override
	public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
		this.request = request;
	}

	public String execute() {
		//获取页面参数值的四种方式：
		ActionContext ctx = ActionContext.getContext();
		HttpServletRequest req1 = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
		System.out.println("ServletActionContext 方式："+req1.getParameter("name"));
		HttpServletRequest req2 = (HttpServletRequest) ctx.get(org.apache.struts2.StrutsStatics.HTTP_REQUEST);
		System.out.println("ActionContext 方式：" + req2.getParameter("name"));
		System.out.println("set 方式："+name);
		System.out.println("ServletRequestAware 方式:"+request.getParameter("name"));
		
		//向Application中添加属性
		Integer count = (Integer)ctx.getApplication().get("count");
		if(count == null){
			count = 1;
		}else{
			count++;
		}
		ctx.getApplication().put("count", count);
		
		//向Session中添加属性
		ctx.getSession().put("session", name);
		//向Cookie中添加属性
		Cookie c = new Cookie("user",password);
		c.setMaxAge(3600);
		HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();
		response.addCookie(c);
		
		//向request中添加属性
		ctx.put("message", "登录成功");
		return SUCCESS;
	}
}

我们将之前的struts.xml文件重命名为hello.xml。
新增main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>

	<package name="userPackage" extends="struts-default" namespace="/user">
		<action name="index">
			<result>/jsp/user/index.jsp</result>
		</action>
    	<span style="white-space:pre">	</span><action name="login" method="login" class="com.julyday.action.LoginAction">
    		<span style="white-space:pre">	</span><result>/jsp/user/success.jsp</result>
    	<span style="white-space:pre">	</span></action>
	</package>
	
</struts>

新的struts.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
	<include file="hello.xml"/>
	<include file="main.xml"/>
</struts>

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>index.jsp</title>
</head>
<body>
	<form action="login" method="post">
		<div style="margin-left: 300px;margin-top: 200px">
			姓名：<input name="name" type="text"/><br></br>
			密码：<input name="password" type="password"/><br></br>
			<input type="submit" value="登录"/>
		</div>
	</form>

</body>
</html>

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>success.jsp</title>
</head>
<body>
	欢迎您：${name}<br><br/>
	网站访问次数：${applicationScope.count}<br><br/>
	session中的值：${sessionScope.session}<br><br/>
	cookie中的值：${cookie.user.value }<br><br/>
	request中的值：${requestScope.message}
</body>
</html>

http://localhost:8080/test_struts2/user/index.action,这样我们就可以访问servletAPI了。

当我们的action越来越多时，我们写的xml文件就越大，有没有办法去简化呢？struts为我们提供了另外2中action调用的写法。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>

	<package name="userPackage" extends="struts-default" namespace="/user">
		<action name="index">
			<result>/jsp/user/index.jsp</result>
		</action>
		<!--  
    	<action name="login" method="login" class="com.julyday.action.LoginAction">
    		<result>/jsp/user/success.jsp</result>
    	</action>
    	
    	<action name="regist" method="regist" class="com.julyday.action.LoginAction">
    		<result name="regist">/jsp/user/regist.jsp</result>
    	</action>
    	-->
    	
    	<!-- 动态方法调用方式，官方不推荐使用，存在安全问题 -->
    	<!--
    	<action name="login" class="com.julyday.action.LoginAction">
    		<result name="success">/jsp/user/success.jsp</result>
    		<result name="regist">/jsp/user/regist.jsp</result>
    	</action>
    	-->
    	
    	<!-- 通配符方式 -->
    	<action name="*" method="{1}" class="com.julyday.action.LoginAction">
    		<result name="success">/jsp/user/success.jsp</result>
    		<result name="regist">/jsp/user/regist.jsp</result>
    	</action>
	</package>
	
</struts>

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>index.jsp</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
	function regist(){
		var targetForm = document.forms[0];
		//targetForm.action = "login!regist";
		targetForm.action = "regist";
	}
</script>
</head>
<body>
	<form action="login" method="post">
		<div style="margin-left: 300px;margin-top: 200px">
			姓名：<input name="name" type="text"/><br></br>
			密码：<input name="password" type="password"/><br></br>
			<input type="submit" value="登录"/><input type="submit" value="注册" οnclick="regist()" style="margin-left: 50px"/>
		</div>
	</form>

</body>
</html>

http://localhost:8080/test_struts2/user/index.action,这样我们再多的action我们也能根据通配符方式去写，当然我们也可以如下：

<action name="*_*" method="{1}" class="com.julyday.action.{2}Action">
    		<result name="success">/jsp/user/success.jsp</result>
    		<result name="{1}">/jsp/user/{1}.jsp</result>
    	</action>

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>index.jsp</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
	function regist(){
		var targetForm = document.forms[0];
		//targetForm.action = "login!regist";
		targetForm.action = "regist_Login";
	}
</script>
</head>
<body>
	<form action="login_Login" method="post">
		<div style="margin-left: 300px;margin-top: 200px">
			姓名：<input name="name" type="text"/><br></br>
			密码：<input name="password" type="password"/><br></br>
			<input type="submit" value="登录"/><input type="submit" value="注册" οnclick="regist()" style="margin-left: 50px"/>
		</div>
	</form>

</body>
</html>

写到这，很多朋友估计和我一样，看到后缀action，都烦死了，下面，我们去掉后缀。

struts.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
	<!-- 让struts2关闭动态方法调用 -->
	<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false" />
	
	<!-- 所有匹配*.action,*.do的请求都由struts2处理 -->
	<!--<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="do,action" />-->
	
	<!-- 所有匹配的请求都由struts2处理 -->
	<!-- 除了/ 和 /index.jsp -->
	<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="" />
	<constant name="struts.action.excludePattern" value="/,/index.jsp"/>
	<include file="hello.xml"/>
	<include file="main.xml"/>
</struts>

这里稍微说下：动态调用的方式需要<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true" />，但是官方都说存在安全问题了，我们最后不用了，建议加上这个并改成false。struts.action.extension可以可以根据自己想喜好来设置，这里特别注意的是如果不加后缀的话，struts是会自动过滤所有的请求，包括你在web.xml设置的welcome-file-list，所以记得去掉这些。

不过一般常用配置我们一般放在一个文件里面：

struts.properties：

#让struts2关闭动态方法调用
struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation=false
#所有匹配*.action,*.do的请求都由struts2处理
#struts.action.extension=do,action
#所有匹配的请求都由struts2处理
#除了/ 和 /index.jsp
struts.action.extension=
struts.action.excludePattern=/,/index.jsp
#是否启用开发模式 
struts.devMode=false
#struts配置文件改动后，是否重新加载 
struts.configuration.xml.reload=true
#设置浏览器是否缓存静态内容 
struts.serve.static.browserCache=false
#请求参数的编码方式 
struts.i18n.encoding=utf-8
#每次HTTP请求系统都重新加载资源文件，有助于开发 
struts.i18n.reload=true
# 文件上传最大值10m 
struts.multipart.maxSize=104857600
#让struts2支持动态方法调用 
struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation=true
#Action名称中是否还是用斜线 
struts.enable.SlashesInActionNames=false
#允许标签中使用表达式语法 
struts.tag.altSyntax=true
#对于WebLogic,Orion,OC4J此属性应该设置成true 
struts.dispatcher.parametersWorkaround=false

到目前我们跳转的都是jsp页面，但是struts为我们提供了多种结果类型：

在result标签我们可以制定type，默认的是dispatcher，就是使用jsp作为视图结果类型。

其他常用的有：

redirect：跳转其他的URL。

freemarket/volocity：使用FreeMarket/volocity模版作为视图结果类型。

redirectAction：跳转到其他的action。

stream：返回一个InputStream（一般用于文件下载）

plainText:显示某个页面的原始代码。

比较简单就不做例子了。

二：注解

pom.xml新增：

<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
			<artifactId>struts2-convention-plugin</artifactId>
			<version>2.3.4.1</version>
		</dependency>

@Namespace("/admin")

@ParentPackage("struts-default")
@ExceptionMappings({
	@ExceptionMapping(exception="java.lang.ArithmeticException", result = "error"),
	@ExceptionMapping(exception="java.io.IOException", result = "ioerror")
})
@Results({@Result(name = "error", location = "/jsp/admin/error.jsp"),
@Result(name = "ioerror", location = "/jsp/admin/ioerror.jsp")})
public class AdminAction extends ActionSupport {	
	
	private String name;
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	
	@Action(value = "index", results = {
			@Result(name = "success", location = "/jsp/admin/index.jsp")})
	public String index(){
		return SUCCESS;
	}
	
	@Action(value = "login", results = {
			@Result(name = "success", location = "/jsp/admin/success.jsp"),
			@Result(name = "input", location = "/jsp/admin/input.jsp")})
	public String login() throws IOException {
		System.out.println("AdminAction login()");
		//int i = 1/0;
//		int j = 10;
//		if( j == 10){
//			throw new IOException();
//		}
		//如果cookie中有返回input，其他返回success
		HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
		Cookie[] coolies = request.getCookies();
		for(Cookie c : coolies){
			if("admin".equals(c.getName())){
				return INPUT;
			}
		}
		Cookie c = new Cookie("admin",name);
		c.setMaxAge(100);
		HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();
		response.addCookie(c);
		return SUCCESS;
	}

}

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>regist.jsp</title>
</head>
<body>
	<form action="login" method="post">
		<div style="margin-left: 300px;margin-top: 200px">
			姓名：<input name="name" type="text"/><br></br>
			密码：<input name="password" type="password"/><br></br>
			<input type="submit" value="登录"/>
		</div>
	</form>
</body>
</html>

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>index.jsp</title>
</head>
<body>
	Hello ${cookie.admin.value }! 您已经登录. 
</body>
</html>

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>index.jsp</title>
</head>
<body>
	Hello ${cookie.admin.value }! this is julyday admin index.jsp. 
</body>
</html>

最重要的是告诉web.xml你要使用注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="3.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"  
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"> 
  <display-name>test_struts2</display-name>
	<!-- Struts2配置 -->
	<filter>
		<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>actionPackages</param-name>
			<param-value>com.julyday.action</param-value>
		</init-param>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>
	<welcome-file-list>
		<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
	</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

ok，运行测试下。

最后放上全部的代码：代码下载