数组的顺序表示与实现

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几乎所有的程序设计语言都把数组类型设定为固有类型。

以抽象数据类型的形式讨论数组的定义和实现，可以让我们加深对数组类型的理解。

数组的定义：

ADT Array{

数据对象:ji=0,...,bi-1,i=1,2,...,n;

D={aj1j2...jn|n(>0)称为数组的维数,bi是数组第i维的长度,ji是数组元素的第i维下标,aj1j2...jn (-ElemSet}

数据关系:R={R1,R2,...Rn|

Ri={<aj1...ji...jn,aj1...ji+1 ...jn>|

0<=jk<=bk-1,1<=k<=n且k<>i,

0<=ji<=bi-2,aj1...ji...jn,

aj1...ji+1 ...jn(-D,i=2,...n}

基本操作:

InitArray(&A,n,bound1,...,boundn)

若维数和各维长度合法,则构造相应的数组A,并返回OK.

DestroyArray(&A)

操作结果:销毁数组A.

Value(A,&e,index1,...,indexn)

初始条件:A是n维数组,e为元素变量,随后是n个下标值.

操作结果:若各下标不超界,则e赋值为所指定的A的元素值,并返回OK.

Assign(&A,e,index1,...,indexn)

初始条件:A是n维数组,e为元素变量,随后是n个下标值.

操作结果:若下标不超界,则将e的值赋给 所指定的A的元素,并返回OK.

}ADT Array

列向量的一维数组:

a00 a01 a02 ... a0,n-1
a10 a11 a12 ... a1,n-1
... ... ... ... ...
am-1,0 am-1,1 am-1,2 ... am-1,n-1

行向量的一维数组:

把二维数组中的每一行看成是一个数据元素,这些数据元素组成了一个一维数组A.

A0 a00 a01 a02 ... a0,n-1
a10 a11 a12 ... a1,n-1
... ... ... ... ...
am-1,0 am-1,1 am-1,2 ... am-1,n-1

A1
...
Am

二、数组的顺序表示和实现

以行序为主序的存储方式:

a00 a01 a02 ... a0,n-1 a10 a11 a12 ... a1,n-1 ... am-1,0 am-1,1 am-1,2 ... am-1,n-1

数组的顺序存储表示和实现:

#include<stdarg.h>

#define MAX_ARRAY_DIM 8

typedef struct {

ElemType *base;

int dim;

int *bounds;

int *constants;

}Array;

Status InitArray(Array &A,int dim,...);

Status DestroyArray(Array &A);

Status Value(Array A,ElemType &e,...);

Status Assign(Array &A,ElemType e,...);

基本操作的算法描述:

Status InitArray(Array &A,int dim,...){

if(dim<1||dim>MAX_ARRAY_DIM) return ERROR;

A.dim=dim;

A.bounds=(int *)malloc(dim *sizeof(int));

if(!A.bounds) exit(OVERFLOW);

elemtotal=1;

va_start(ap,dim);

for(i=1;i<dim;++i){

A.bounds=va_arg(ap,int);

if(A.bounds<0) return UNDERFLOW;

elemtotal*=A.bounds;

}

va_end(ap);

A.base=(ElemType *)malloc(elemtotal*sizeof(ElemType));

if(!A.base) exit(OVERFLOW);

A.constants=(int *)malloc(dim*sizeof(int));

if(!A.constants) exit(OVERFLOW);

A.constants[dim-1]=1;

for(i=dim-2;i>=0;--i)

A.constants=A.bounds[i+1]*A.constants[i+1];

return OK;

}

Status DestoyArray(Array &A){

if(!A.base) return ERROR;

free(A.base); A.base=NULL;

if !(A.bounds) return ERROR;

free(A.bounds); A.bounds=NULL;

if!(A.constatns) return ERROR;

free(A.constants); A.constants=NULL;

return OK;

}

Status Locate(Array A,va_list ap,int &off){

off=0;

for(i=0;i<A.dim;++i){

ind=va_arg(ap,int);

if(ind<0||ind>=A.bounds) return OVERFLOW;

off+=A.constants*ind;

}

return OK;

}

Status Value(Array A,ElemType &e,...){

va_start(ap,e);

if((result=Locate(A,ap,off))<=0 return result;

e=*(A.base+off);

return OK;

}

Status Assign(Array &A,ElemType e,...){

va_start(ap,e);

if((result=Locate(A,ap,off))<=0) return result;

*(A.base+off)=e;

return OK;

}

三、小结

数组的存储方式。

数组的基本操作种类。

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