索引文件

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除了文件本身（称作数据区）之外，别建立一张指示逻辑记录和物理记录之间一一对应关系的表--索引表。

索引表中的每一项称作索引项。不论主文件是否按关键字有序，索引表中的索引项总是按关键字（或逻辑记录号）顺序排列。

若数据区中的记录也按关键字顺序排列，则称索引顺序文件。反之，若数据区中记录不按关键字顺序排列，则称非顺序文件。

数据区：

物理记录号 姓名 年龄 体重（关键字）
1 李由 57 62
2 王天 54 76
3 七大 24 75
4 张强 24 72
5 陈华 24 53

索引表：

体重（关键字） 物理记录号
53 5
62 1
72 4
75 3
76 2

有了按体重索引的索引表后，按体重查找学生可先在索引表中查找（因索引表中按体重有序，所以可用效率高的查找算法）然后得到对应的物理记录号后到数据区取出对应物理记录。

索引文件可以大大提高表查找的速度。因为索引表容量小，且索引表按关键字有序。

二、索引文件的建立

在记录输入建立数据区的同时建立一个索引表，表中的索引项按记录输入的先后次序排列，待全部记录输入完毕后再对索引表进行排序。

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