Necessitas: convenient solution for communication between Qt application and Java

Necessitas: convenient solution for communication between Qt application and Java


This is my first article about Qt / Necessitas / Android / JNI, so if you will find some error or have some ideas, please, contact me. I didn't use these technologies before. Everything what I present, works with my software configuration: Qt 4.8.0, Necessitas 0.3.4, Android 3.2.

In this article I will present my solution for using Java in Necessitas projects. As far as most of you know, to use Java code in C++ applications and vice-versa, you need to use Java Native Interface (JNI). This technology is used in Necessitas projects and you can find it for example in file qtmain_android.cpp located in:necessitas/Android/Qt/{{VERSION_OF_QT}}/armeabi-v7a/src/android/cpp. In my case, {{VERSION_OF_QT}} is 480. This file is included to your projects during building process.

We can say that qtmain_android.cpp is the most important file for JNI in your project because it containsJNI_OnLoad(.). This function is the only one which is allowed to load any Java class, so this is the only place in your application where you can load these yours. Of course, it's possible to load Java classes in other functions, but you are limited to use only some of these from java.* package.

I found an article (little bit vague for me) which deliver some solution for this problem: How to use Java from Qt/C++ in Necessitas.

There is no code example but fortunately I found this: QT in Android -- Example for accessing the GPS Service.

In both cases, authors are changing qtmain_android.cpp file. This approach has two disadvantages:

  1. qtmain_android.cpp is common for all projects, so all your projects require all classes that you load there,
  2. you can use only one version of constructor of your class,
  3. qtmain_android.cpp is part of Necessitas and it will be probably changed in newer versions.

Let's deal with first two disadvantages. It's hard to create special class which would be good for all possible applications ((-: ) so we need to find another solution. Let's make little changes in qtmain_android.cpp file.

Firstly, add this line before JNI_OnLoad(.) definition (of course outside bodies of functions!):

extern int JavaClassesLoader (JNIEnv* env);

Secondly, put this code into JNI_OnLoad(.) defintion:

    if (!JavaClassesLoader (m_env)){
        __android_log_print (ANDROID_LOG_FATAL, "Qt", "Couldn't register user defined classes!");
        return -1;
    }

Notice, that we use m_env variable so we need to put it below this line:

m_env = uenv.nativeEnvironment;

Thirdly, we need to remove static key-words at this two lines:

static JavaVM *m_javaVM = NULL;
static JNIEnv *m_env = NULL;

And that's all what we need to change in qtmain_android.cpp file.

Now, let's add file which will load our Java classes. In NecessitasQtCreator choose File -> New File or Project -> (Files and Classes) C++ -> C++ Source File -> Choose... Set a Name to JavaClassesLoader.cpp, click Continue and after Done. Fill your file with this code:

#include <jni.h>
#include <android/log.h>

jobject classPointer;

int JavaClassesLoader (JNIEnv* env){
    {
        const char* className = "pl/ekk/mkk/necessitas/YourClassName";
        jclass clazz=env->FindClass(className);
        if (!clazz)
        {
            __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_FATAL,"Qt", "Unable to find class '%s'", className);
            return JNI_FALSE;
        }
        jmethodID constr = env->GetMethodID(clazz, "<init>", "()V");
        if(!constr) {
            __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_FATAL,"Qt", "Unable to find a constructor for class '%s'", className);
            return JNI_FALSE;
        }
        jobject obj = env->NewObject(clazz, constr);
        classPointer = env->NewGlobalRef(obj);
    }
    return JNI_TRUE;
}

I guess that you already know that to use multiple Java classes in your project, you just need to create otherjobject classPointer, copy-paste code of JavaClassesLoader(.) function (without last line!) and change value of constant className.

To use different constructor than version without arguments, you need to set different method signatures (see more here). To set arguments values, just add them to NewObject (.) method.

But where should you place your Java file? In your project folder you have android/src/ branch. This is right localisation for your files. Notice, that your classes are inside packages, so you need to create folder trees corresponding to packages that you are using. After you copy your files you need to add them to Necessitas project (Add Existing Files).

Now we can use your Java classes in your project. Open your C++ filein which you want use JNI, put this four lines at its beginning:

#include <jni.h>
#include <qDebug>
extern JavaVM *m_javaVM;
extern jobject classPointer;

This will give us a way to use variables from previous files. To call JNI functions, you need to use this code:

JNIEnv* env;
if (m_javaVM -> AttachCurrentThread (&env, NULL) < 0){
    qCritical() << "AttachCurrentThread failed";
    return;
}

jclass applicationClass = env -> GetObjectClass (classPointer);

if (applicationClass){
    //Communication between C++ and JAVA!
}

m_javaVM -> DetachCurrentThread ();

That's all! Now you can use your Java classes in more customized way! (-:

I hope that I explained it quite clearly. If your C++ files cannot find variables from different files that we changed, please clean your project (Build -> Clean Project...).

If you still have some problem, I attach small example.

If you want, you can try to use #ifdef#define and #endif in qtmain_android.cpp to easily turn on and turn off usingJavaClassesLoader(.) in your projects.

But... still we have a third disadvantage... I have to admit that I didn't found a good solution for that. Here, I present an effect of my research, I hope that someone will find some good way to deal with it.

It is possible to access to Java Virtual Machine without changing qtmain_android.cpp file (so we don't need to do third step).

The biggest problem is how to use JavaClassesLoader(.) function outside qtmain_android.cpp file, or in another words, outside JNI_OnLoad(.) definition. You can find an explanation of this problem here: FindClass failed.

I tried to use this solutions: Using JNI from a Native Activity, but unfortunately FindClass method can't findjava.lang.ClassLoader, so it seems to be useless for us.

Well, for now, that's all. If anyone will find some solution for third disadvantage or want to discuss about my solution for first one, please contact me.

引用自:http://mkk.ekk.pl/?wpis=3

在使用Python来安装geopandas包时,由于geopandas依赖于几个其他的Python库(如GDAL, Fiona, Pyproj, Shapely等),因此安装过程可能需要一些额外的步骤。以下是一个基本的安装指南,适用于大多数用户: 使用pip安装 确保Python和pip已安装: 首先,确保你的计算机上已安装了Python和pip。pip是Python的包管理工具,用于安装和管理Python包。 安装依赖库: 由于geopandas依赖于GDAL, Fiona, Pyproj, Shapely等库,你可能需要先安装这些库。通常,你可以通过pip直接安装这些库,但有时候可能需要从其他源下载预编译的二进制包(wheel文件),特别是GDAL和Fiona,因为它们可能包含一些系统级的依赖。 bash pip install GDAL Fiona Pyproj Shapely 注意:在某些系统上,直接使用pip安装GDAL和Fiona可能会遇到问题,因为它们需要编译一些C/C++代码。如果遇到问题,你可以考虑使用conda(一个Python包、依赖和环境管理器)来安装这些库,或者从Unofficial Windows Binaries for Python Extension Packages这样的网站下载预编译的wheel文件。 安装geopandas: 在安装了所有依赖库之后,你可以使用pip来安装geopandas。 bash pip install geopandas 使用conda安装 如果你正在使用conda作为你的Python包管理器,那么安装geopandas和它的依赖可能会更简单一些。 创建一个新的conda环境(可选,但推荐): bash conda create -n geoenv python=3.x anaconda conda activate geoenv 其中3.x是你希望使用的Python版本。 安装geopandas: 使用conda-forge频道来安装geopandas,因为它提供了许多地理空间相关的包。 bash conda install -c conda-forge geopandas 这条命令会自动安装geopandas及其所有依赖。 注意事项 如果你在安装过程中遇到任何问题,比如编译错误或依赖问题,请检查你的Python版本和pip/conda的版本是否是最新的,或者尝试在不同的环境中安装。 某些库(如GDAL)可能需要额外的系统级依赖,如地理空间库(如PROJ和GEOS)。这些依赖可能需要单独安装,具体取决于你的操作系统。 如果你在Windows上遇到问题,并且pip安装失败,尝试从Unofficial Windows Binaries for Python Extension Packages网站下载相应的wheel文件,并使用pip进行安装。 脚本示例 虽然你的问题主要是关于如何安装geopandas,但如果你想要一个Python脚本来重命名文件夹下的文件,在原始名字前面加上字符串"geopandas",以下是一个简单的示例: python import os # 指定文件夹路径 folder_path = 'path/to/your/folder' # 遍历文件夹中的文件 for filename in os.listdir(folder_path): # 构造原始文件路径 old_file_path = os.path.join(folder_path, filename) # 构造新文件名 new_filename = 'geopandas_' + filename # 构造新文件路径 new_file_path = os.path.join(folder_path, new_filename) # 重命名文件 os.rename(old_file_path, new_file_path) print(f'Renamed "{filename}" to "{new_filename}"') 请确保将'path/to/your/folder'替换为你想要重命名文件的实际文件夹路径。
在使用Python来安装geopandas包时,由于geopandas依赖于几个其他的Python库(如GDAL, Fiona, Pyproj, Shapely等),因此安装过程可能需要一些额外的步骤。以下是一个基本的安装指南,适用于大多数用户: 使用pip安装 确保Python和pip已安装: 首先,确保你的计算机上已安装了Python和pip。pip是Python的包管理工具,用于安装和管理Python包。 安装依赖库: 由于geopandas依赖于GDAL, Fiona, Pyproj, Shapely等库,你可能需要先安装这些库。通常,你可以通过pip直接安装这些库,但有时候可能需要从其他源下载预编译的二进制包(wheel文件),特别是GDAL和Fiona,因为它们可能包含一些系统级的依赖。 bash pip install GDAL Fiona Pyproj Shapely 注意:在某些系统上,直接使用pip安装GDAL和Fiona可能会遇到问题,因为它们需要编译一些C/C++代码。如果遇到问题,你可以考虑使用conda(一个Python包、依赖和环境管理器)来安装这些库,或者从Unofficial Windows Binaries for Python Extension Packages这样的网站下载预编译的wheel文件。 安装geopandas: 在安装了所有依赖库之后,你可以使用pip来安装geopandas。 bash pip install geopandas 使用conda安装 如果你正在使用conda作为你的Python包管理器,那么安装geopandas和它的依赖可能会更简单一些。 创建一个新的conda环境(可选,但推荐): bash conda create -n geoenv python=3.x anaconda conda activate geoenv 其中3.x是你希望使用的Python版本。 安装geopandas: 使用conda-forge频道来安装geopandas,因为它提供了许多地理空间相关的包。 bash conda install -c conda-forge geopandas 这条命令会自动安装geopandas及其所有依赖。 注意事项 如果你在安装过程中遇到任何问题,比如编译错误或依赖问题,请检查你的Python版本和pip/conda的版本是否是最新的,或者尝试在不同的环境中安装。 某些库(如GDAL)可能需要额外的系统级依赖,如地理空间库(如PROJ和GEOS)。这些依赖可能需要单独安装,具体取决于你的操作系统。 如果你在Windows上遇到问题,并且pip安装失败,尝试从Unofficial Windows Binaries for Python Extension Packages网站下载相应的wheel文件,并使用pip进行安装。 脚本示例 虽然你的问题主要是关于如何安装geopandas,但如果你想要一个Python脚本来重命名文件夹下的文件,在原始名字前面加上字符串"geopandas",以下是一个简单的示例: python import os # 指定文件夹路径 folder_path = 'path/to/your/folder' # 遍历文件夹中的文件 for filename in os.listdir(folder_path): # 构造原始文件路径 old_file_path = os.path.join(folder_path, filename) # 构造新文件名 new_filename = 'geopandas_' + filename # 构造新文件路径 new_file_path = os.path.join(folder_path, new_filename) # 重命名文件 os.rename(old_file_path, new_file_path) print(f'Renamed "{filename}" to "{new_filename}"') 请确保将'path/to/your/folder'替换为你想要重命名文件的实际文件夹路径。
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