Android网络编程之HttpUrlConnection、HttpClient

这篇文章我们共同来学习HttpUrlConnection以及HttpClient.

首先，我们来了解一下通过Http协议，Android APP客户端与服务器交互的基本知识

客户端->服务器：客户端向服务器发送请求主要包含以下信息：请求的Url地址、请求头以及可选的请求体

服务器->客户端：服务器接收到客户端发来的请求后，会进行相应的处理，并向客户端输出信息，输出的信息包含响应头和响应体。

Http协议支持的操作有GET、POST、HEAD、PUT、TRACE、OPTIONS、DELETE，其中最常用的还是GET和POST。

GET vs POST

GET:

1、GET请求可以被缓存

2、当用GET请求发送键值对时，键值对会随着URL一起发送的

3、GET请求的安全性很低，不能用GET请求发送敏感的信息

4、GET请求发送数据是有长度限制的（URL不能超过2048个字符） 

5、由于GET请求较低的安全性，我们不应该用GET请求去执行增加、删除、修改等操作，应该只用它来获取数据

POST:

1、POST请求从不会被缓存

2、POST请求的URL中追加键值对参数，这些键值对参数不是随着URL发送的，而是被放入到请求体中发送的

3、应该用POST请求发送敏感信息，而不是用GET

4、理论上POST请求不存在发送数据大小的限制

5、当执行增加、删除、修改等操作时，应该使用POST请求，而不应该使用GET请求

HttpURLConnection vs HttpClient

在Android 2.2版本以及之前的版本使用HttpClient是较好的选择，而在Android 2.3版本以及以后的版本，HttpURLConnection则是最佳的选择。

原因：Android 2.2之前（包括2.2），HttpURLConnection一直存在着一些令人厌烦的bug。而HttpClient是Apache用于发送http请求的客户端，其提供了强大的API支持，而且基本没有什么bug。

Android 2.2之后，HttpURLConnection的bug得到解决，并且其API简单，体积较小，也能够满足大部分的需求，因此非常适合Android项目。相反，HttpClient由于其太过复杂，Android团队在保持向后兼容的情况下，很难对其进行增强，另外从Android 6.0版本开始，HttpClient库被移除了。

HttpURLConnection使用

GET方式：

private HttpURLConnection getHttpURLConnection(String url) {
        HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = null;
        try {
            URL mUrl = new URL(url);
            httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) mUrl.openConnection();
            httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(15000);  //设置连接超时时间
             httpURLConnection.setReadTimeout(15000);  //设置读取超时时间
             httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("GET");  //设置请求参数，也可以不设置，默认为GET 
            httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");  //添加Header
            httpURLConnection.setDoInput(true);  //接收输入流。httpURLConnection默认也支持从服务端读取结果流，所以此设置也可以省略
             httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return httpURLConnection;
    }

public void useHttpUrlConnectionGet(String url)
{
    InputStream inputStream = null;
    HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = getHttpURLConnection(url);
    try {
        httpURLConnection.connect();  //通过调用connect方法建立TCP连接，但是并未真正获取数据。该方法也不必显式调用，当调用getInputStream方法时内部也会自动调用connect方法的
        inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();  //调用getInputStream方法后，服务端才会收到请求，并阻塞式地接收服务端返回的数据
        int code = httpURLConnection.getResponseCode();
        String response = converStreamToString(inputStream);
        Log.i("Debug", "请求状态码:" + code + "\n请求结果\n" + response);
        inputStream.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

private String converStreamToString(InputStream is) throws IOException {
    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
    String line = null;
    while((line = reader.readLine()) != null)
    {
        sb.append(line + "\n");
    }
    String response = sb.toString();
    return response;
}

POST方式：

private HttpURLConnection getHttpURLConnection(String url) {
        HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = null;
        try {
            URL mUrl = new URL(url);
            httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) mUrl.openConnection();
            httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(15000);  //设置连接超时时间
             httpURLConnection.setReadTimeout(15000);  //设置读取超时时间
             httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");  //设置请求参数
            httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");  //添加Header
            httpURLConnection.setDoInput(true);  //接收输入流。httpURLConnection默认也支持从服务端读取结果流，所以此设置也可以省略
             httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return httpURLConnection;
    }

private void postParams(OutputStream outputStream, List<NameValuePair>paramsList) throws IOException {
    StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
    for (NameValuePair pair:paramsList) {
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(stringBuilder))
        {
            stringBuilder.append("&");
        }
        stringBuilder.append(URLEncoder.encode(pair.getName(), "UTF-8"));
        stringBuilder.append("=");
        stringBuilder.append(URLEncoder.encode(pair.getValue(), "UTF-8"));
    }
    BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream, "UTF-8"));
    writer.write(stringBuilder.toString());
    writer.flush();
    writer.close();
}

private String converStreamToString(InputStream is) throws IOException {
    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
    String line = null;
    while((line = reader.readLine()) != null)
    {
        sb.append(line + "\n");
    }
    String response = sb.toString();
    return response;
}

public void useHttpUrlConnectionPost(String url)
{
    InputStream inputStream = null;
    HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = getHttpURLConnection(url);
    List<NameValuePair> postParams = new ArrayList<>();
    //要传递的参数
    postParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "moon"));
    postParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123"));
    try {
        postParams(httpURLConnection.getOutputStream(), postParams);
        httpURLConnection.connect();  //通过调用connect方法建立TCP连接，但是并未真正获取数据。该方法也不必显式调用，当调用getInputStream方法时内部也会自动调用connect方法的
        inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();  //调用getInputStream方法后，服务端才会收到请求，并阻塞式地接收服务端返回的数据
        int code = httpURLConnection.getResponseCode();
        String response = converStreamToString(inputStream);
        Log.i("Debug", "请求状态码:" + code + "\n请求结果\n" + response);
        inputStream.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

HttpClient使用

private String converStreamToString(InputStream is) throws IOException {
    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
    String line = null;
    while((line = reader.readLine()) != null)
    {
        sb.append(line + "\n");
    }
    String response = sb.toString();
    return response;
}

private HttpClient createHttpClient() {
    HttpParams httpParams = new BasicHttpParams();
    HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(httpParams, 15000);  //设置连接超时时间
    HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(httpParams, 15000);  //设置请求超时时间
    HttpConnectionParams.setTcpNoDelay(httpParams, true);
    HttpProtocolParams.setVersion(httpParams, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1);
    HttpProtocolParams.setContentCharset(httpParams, HTTP.UTF_8);
    HttpProtocolParams.setUseExpectContinue(httpParams, true);  //持续握手
    HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(httpParams);
    return httpClient;
}

GET方式：

public void useHttpClientGet(String url)
{
    HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
    httpGet.addHeader("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
    HttpClient httpClient = createHttpClient();
    try {
        HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
        HttpEntity httpEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();
        int code = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
        if (null != httpEntity)
        {
            InputStream inputStream = httpEntity.getContent();
            String response = converStreamToString(inputStream);
            Log.i("Debug", "请求状态码：" + code + "\n请求结果：\n" + response);
            inputStream.close();
        }
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

POST方式：

private void useHttpClientPost(String url) {
    HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
    httpPost.addHeader("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
    HttpClient httpClient = createHttpClient();
    List<NameValuePair> postParams = new ArrayList<>();
    //要传递的参数
    postParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "moon"));
    postParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123"));
    try {
        httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(postParams));
        HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
        HttpEntity httpEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();
        int code = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
        if (null != httpEntity)
        {
            InputStream inputStream = httpEntity.getContent();
            String response = converStreamToString(inputStream);
            Log.i("Debug", "请求状态码：" + code + "\n请求结果：\n" + response);
            inputStream.close();
        }
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}